Bohr type models of the atom give a totally incorrect picture of the atom and are of only historical significance.
|
|
- Edwina Walker
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 VISUAL PHYSICS ONLIN BOHR MODL OF TH ATOM Bhr typ mdls f th atm giv a ttally icrrct pictur f th atm ad ar f ly histrical sigificac. Fig.. Bhr s platary mdl f th atm. Hwvr, th Bhr mdls wr a imprtat stp i th dvlpmt f quatum mchaics. Quatum mchaics is a mathmatical thry t accut fr th atmic rlatd bhaviur f ur physical wrld. I quatum mchaics, th lctrs bud t a atm ar dscribd i trms f wavs. N lgr ca talk abut th path f a lctr mvig arud th uclus, but ly abut th prbability f fidig a lctr at a crtai lcati.
2 Nils Bhr prpsd th Bhr Mdl f th Atm i 93. Bcaus th Bhr mdl is a mdificati f th arlir Ruthrfrd Mdl, sm ppl call Bhr's Mdl th Ruthrfrd-Bhr Mdl. Ulik arlir mdls, th Bhr mdl xplais th Rydbrg frmula fr th spctral missi lis f atmic hydrg. Rviw: atmic spctra Th Bhr mdl is a platary mdl i which th gativlychargd lctrs rbit a small, psitivly-chargd uclus bcaus f th Culmb frc btw th psitivly-chargd uclus ad th gativly-chargd lctrs. H dvlpd his thry basd up assumptis that wuld lad t a xplaati f th li spctra mittd frm atms ad t a drivati f th Rydbrg quati fr hydrg-lik atms. Bhr usd th idas f Plack ad isti that radiati is mittd ad absrbd i discrt amuts ad ths idas lad t th ccpt f th pht.
3 Mai Pits f th Bhr Mdl Bhr usd th Ruthrfrd mdl f th atm as his startig pit. His mdificatis ivlvd tw pstulats that wr simply ackwldgmts f xprimtal facts rlatd t th spctral missis. Ths pstulats wr at dds with th idas f classical physics. Th Bhr pictur f th atm was f a ctral psitiv uclus with a lctr i allwd circular stabl rbit such that th lctr s agular mmtum was quatisd. Th lctr i a stabl rbit did t ls rgy by th missi f lctrmagtic radiati. Bhr assumd that classical lctrmagtic thry was t cmpltly valid fr atmic systms.
4 Pstulat A atm ca xist i crtai allwd r statiary stats, with ach stat havig a dfiit valu fr its ttal rgy. Wh th atm is i f ths stats it is stabl ad ds t radiat rgy. Th ttal rgy f a rbitig lctr is quatisd such that th lctr s agular mmtum L has a st f discrt valus giv by quati () () h L mv r =,, 3, m mass f lctr v rbital vlcity f lctr r rbital radius h L Plack s cstat h = 6.63x0-34 J.s agular mmtum
5 Pstulat A atm mits r absrbs rgy ly wh a lctr mvs frm stabl stat t athr. I a trasiti frm its iitial stat t its fial stat, a pht is ithr mittd r absrbd ad th rgy f th pht is qual t th diffrc i th rgy f th tw stats (quati ) () f i h f rgy lst r gaid by atm hf rgy f mittd r absrbd pht h f i f Plack s cstat h = 6.63x0-34 J.s frqucy f lctrmagtic radiati (pht) ttal rgy f lctr i iitial stat i ttal rgy f lctr i fial stat f Fig.. Bhr s mdl f th atm.
6 W ca driv a quati fr th radii f th stabl circular bits (quati 3) ad th ttal rgis f th allwd stats (quati 4) usig th idas f classical lctrmagtic thry ad Bhr s quatisati f agular mmtum pstulat. Th allwd radii r f th stabl stats ar (3) h r r q m 0 h ttal rgis f th lctr ( = K + P ) ar (4) 4 m q 8 h 0 0 prmittivity f fr spac 0 = 8.85x0 - C.N -.m - h Plack s cstat h = 6.63x0-34 J.s q lctr charg =.60x0-9 C m lctr mass m = 9.x0-3 kg pricipl quatum umbr =,, 3,
7 Drivati f Bhr s quatis fr th hydrg atm Statiary rbit ttal rgy is cstat = K + P attractiv frc btw p + ad - circular rbit F q mv Culmb frc = ctriptal frc 4 r r Pttial rgy f - P 4 q r Kitic rgy f - K mv ()(4 ) q r Ttal rgy f - ()(4 ) q r agular mmtum - quatizd L m v r h Radius f statiary stat, pricipl quatum umbr r h mq Bhr radius, = h r r r m mq Ttal rgy f - 4 mq 3.6 V 8 h 3.6 V mq 8 4 h
8 Ngativ sig lctr bud t uclus Iizati rgy 3. 6 V = -3.6 V = V 3 = -.5 V 4 = V 5 = V V = J Hydrg spctral lis f i h f hc f i agrmt with Rydbrg quati
9 Prblms with th Bhr Mdl A fatal shrtcmig fr ay thry is that it shuld t agr with xprimtal rsults. Th discrpacis btw prdictd ad masurd wavlgths fr li spctra thr tha hydrg wr ugh t idicat that mdificatis wuld hav t b mad t Bhr s thry f th atm. Athr difficulty lay i th atur f th pstulats. Th quatisati rul fr agular mmtum was cmpltly arbitrary ad thr was a ccptual difficulty with hw th lctrmagtic wavs mittd by a atm wr prducd ad what was th scillati that dtrmid th frqucy f th mittd radiati. It vilats th Hisbrg Ucrtaity Pricipl bcaus it csidrs lctrs t hav bth a kw radius ad rbit. Th Bhr Mdl prvids a icrrct valu fr th grud stat rbital agular mmtum. It maks pr prdictis rgardig th spctra f largr atms. It ds t prdict th rlativ itsitis f spctral lis. Th Bhr Mdl ds t xplai fi structur ad hyprfi structur i spctral lis. It ds t xplai th Zma ffct.
10 VISUAL PHYSICS ONLIN If yu hav ay fdback, cmmts, suggstis r crrctis plas mail: Ia Cpr Schl f Physics Uivrsity f Sydy ia.cpr@sydy.du.au
Blackbody Radiation. All bodies at a temperature T emit and absorb thermal electromagnetic radiation. How is blackbody radiation absorbed and emitted?
All bodis at a tmpratur T mit ad absorb thrmal lctromagtic radiatio Blackbody radiatio I thrmal quilibrium, th powr mittd quals th powr absorbd How is blackbody radiatio absorbd ad mittd? 1 2 A blackbody
More informationModern Physics. Unit 5: Schrödinger s Equation and the Hydrogen Atom Lecture 5.6: Energy Eigenvalues of Schrödinger s Equation for the Hydrogen Atom
Mdrn Physics Unit 5: Schrödingr s Equatin and th Hydrgn Atm Lctur 5.6: Enrgy Eignvalus f Schrödingr s Equatin fr th Hydrgn Atm Rn Rifnbrgr Prfssr f Physics Purdu Univrsity 1 Th allwd nrgis E cm frm th
More informationBORH S DERIVATION OF BALMER-RYDBERG FORMULA THROUGH QUANTUM MECHANICS
BORH S DERIVATION OF BALMER-RYDBERG FORMULA THROUGH QUANTUM MECHANICS Musa D. Abdullahi Umaru Musa Yar adua Univrsity, P.M.B. 18 Katsina, Katsina Stat, Nigria musadab@utlk.cm Abstract Accrding t classical
More informationBlackbody Radiation. All bodies at a temperature T emit and absorb thermal electromagnetic radiation. How is blackbody radiation absorbed and emitted?
All bodis at a tmpratur T mit ad absorb thrmal lctromagtic radiatio Blackbody radiatio I thrmal quilibrium, th powr mittd quals th powr absorbd How is blackbody radiatio absorbd ad mittd? 1 2 A blackbody
More informationGUC (Dr. Hany Hammad) 4/20/2016
GU (r. Hay Hamma) 4/0/06 Lctur # 0 Filtr sig y Th srti Lss Mth sig Stps Lw-pass prttyp sig. () Scalig a cvrsi. () mplmtati. Usig Stus. Usig High-Lw mpac Sctis. Thry f priic structurs. mag impacs a Trasfr
More information8(4 m0) ( θ ) ( ) Solutions for HW 8. Chapter 25. Conceptual Questions
Solutios for HW 8 Captr 5 Cocptual Qustios 5.. θ dcrass. As t crystal is coprssd, t spacig d btw t plas of atos dcrass. For t first ordr diffractio =. T Bragg coditio is = d so as d dcrass, ust icras for
More informationPhysics 2D Lecture Slides Lecture 14: Feb 3 rd 2004
Bria Wcht, th TA is back! Pl. giv all rgrad rqusts to him Quiz 4 is This Friday Physics D Lctur Slids Lctur 14: Fb 3 rd 004 Vivk Sharma UCSD Physics Whr ar th lctros isid th atom? Early Thought: Plum puddig
More informationcoulombs or esu charge. It s mass is about 1/1837 times the mass of hydrogen atom. Thus mass of electron is
1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE Fudamtal Particls: Mai Fudamtal Particl : (a) Elctro: It is a fudamtal particl of a atom which carris a uit gativ charg. It was discovrd by J.J. Thomso (1897) from th studis carrid out
More informationAnother Explanation of the Cosmological Redshift. April 6, 2010.
Anthr Explanatin f th Csmlgical Rdshift April 6, 010. Jsé Francisc García Juliá C/ Dr. Marc Mrncian, 65, 5. 4605 Valncia (Spain) E-mail: js.garcia@dival.s h lss f nrgy f th phtn with th tim by missin f
More informationu = A Z Chemistry 110 Fall 2010 Rayleigh-Jeans Law for Blackbody SI Units SI Units Secondary Units written in terms of Primary
SI Uits Key Study Pits fr Petrucci et al., Secdary Uits writte i terms f Primary Capters 8 & 9 Nte: Fudametal cstats ad a peridic table will be prvided te midterm but equatis will t be give. Cemistry 0
More informationThey must have different numbers of electrons orbiting their nuclei. They must have the same number of neutrons in their nuclei.
37 1 How may utros ar i a uclus of th uclid l? 20 37 54 2 crtai lmt has svral isotops. Which statmt about ths isotops is corrct? Thy must hav diffrt umbrs of lctros orbitig thir ucli. Thy must hav th sam
More informationWorksheet: Taylor Series, Lagrange Error Bound ilearnmath.net
Taylor s Thorm & Lagrag Error Bouds Actual Error This is th ral amout o rror, ot th rror boud (worst cas scario). It is th dirc btw th actual () ad th polyomial. Stps:. Plug -valu ito () to gt a valu.
More informationLecture #2: Wave Nature of the Electron and the Internal Structure of an Atom
5.61 Fall 013 Lctur # pag 1 Lctur #: Wav Natur of t Elctro ad t Itral Structur of a Atom Last tim: Surpris Ligt as particl 1. Potolctric ffct, spcially KE vs. ν. Ligt as packts of rgy, calld potos, E =
More informationChapter 4. Problem Solutions
Chapter 4. Prblem Slutis. The great majrity f alpha particles pass thrugh gases ad thi metal fils with deflectis. T what cclusi abut atmic structure des this bservati lead? The fact that mst particles
More information5.1 The Nuclear Atom
Sav My Exams! Th Hom of Rvisio For mor awsom GSE ad lvl rsourcs, visit us at www.savmyxams.co.uk/ 5.1 Th Nuclar tom Qustio Papr Lvl IGSE Subjct Physics (0625) Exam oard Topic Sub Topic ooklt ambridg Itratioal
More informationLECTURE 5 Guassian Wave Packet
LECTURE 5 Guassian Wav Pact 1.5 Eampl f a guassian shap fr dscribing a wav pact Elctrn Pact ψ Guassian Assumptin Apprimatin ψ As w hav sn in QM th wav functin is ftn rprsntd as a Furir transfrm r sris.
More informationSession : Plasmas in Equilibrium
Sssio : Plasmas i Equilibrium Ioizatio ad Coductio i a High-prssur Plasma A ormal gas at T < 3000 K is a good lctrical isulator, bcaus thr ar almost o fr lctros i it. For prssurs > 0.1 atm, collisio amog
More informationChapter 1 Late 1800 s Several failures of classical (Newtonian) physics discovered
Chaptr 1 Lat 1800 s Svral failurs of classical (Nwtonian) physics discovrd 1905 195 Dvlopmnt of QM rsolvd discrpancis btwn xpt. and classical thory QM Essntial for undrstanding many phnomna in Chmistry,
More informationEAcos θ, where θ is the angle between the electric field and
8.4. Modl: Th lctric flux flows out of a closd surfac around a rgion of spac containing a nt positiv charg and into a closd surfac surrounding a nt ngativ charg. Visualiz: Plas rfr to Figur EX8.4. Lt A
More informationThe Phase Probability for Some Excited Binomial States
Egypt. J. Sl., Vl. 5, N., 3 Th Pha Prbability fr S Excitd Biial Stat. Darwih Faculty f Educati, Suz Caal Uivrity at Al-Arih, Egypt. I thi papr, th pha prprti i Pgg-Bartt frali ar cidrd. Th pha ditributi
More informationProbability & Statistics,
Probability & Statistics, BITS Pilai K K Birla Goa Campus Dr. Jajati Kshari Sahoo Dpartmt of Mathmatics BITS Pilai, K K Birla Goa Campus Poisso Distributio Poisso Distributio: A radom variabl X is said
More informationQuantum Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers. David Miller
Quatum Mechaics fr Scietists ad Egieers David Miller Time-depedet perturbati thery Time-depedet perturbati thery Time-depedet perturbati basics Time-depedet perturbati thery Fr time-depedet prblems csider
More informationEven/Odd Mode Analysis of the Wilkinson Divider
//9 Wilkinn Dividr Evn and Odd Md Analyi.dc / Evn/Odd Md Analyi f th Wilkinn Dividr Cnidr a matchd Wilkinn pwr dividr, with a urc at prt : Prt Prt Prt T implify thi chmatic, w rmv th grund plan, which
More informationChapter 2 Infinite Series Page 1 of 11. Chapter 2 : Infinite Series
Chatr Ifiit Sris Pag of Sctio F Itgral Tst Chatr : Ifiit Sris By th d of this sctio you will b abl to valuat imror itgrals tst a sris for covrgc by alyig th itgral tst aly th itgral tst to rov th -sris
More informationSome Families of Higher Order Three-Step Iterative Techniques. where is a real number and y (5)
Lif Scic Jural 03;0s http://www.lifscicsit.cm Sm Familis f Highr Orr Thr-Stp Itrativ Tchiqus Nair Ahma Mir Sahr Akmal Kha Naila Rafiq Nusrut Yasmi. Dpartmt f Basic Scics Riphah Itratial Uivrsit Islamaba
More informationUnit 2 Part 2 Particles, Bonding and Structure Interatomic and Intermolecular Bonding UNIT 2 PARTICLES, BONDING AND STRUCTURE
Unit 2 Part 2 Particls, nding and Structur Intratmic and Intrmlcular nding UNIT 2 PARTICLES, NDING AND STRUCTURE PART 2 INTERATMIC AND INTERMLECULAR NDING Cntnts 1. Inic nding 2. Cvalnt nding 3. Mtallic
More informationUIUC Physics 436 EM Fields & Sources II Fall Semester, 2015 Lect. Notes 7.5 Prof. Steven Errede LECTURE NOTES 7.5
UIUC Physics 436 EM Filds & Surcs II Fall Smstr, 05 Lct. Nts 7.5 Pr. Stv Errd LECTURE NOTES 7.5 Disprsi: Th Frqucy-Dpdc th Elctric Prmittivity ad th Elctric Suscptibility Ovr th tir EM rqucy itrval 0 Hz,
More informationLectur 22. RF and Microwave Circuit Design Γ-Plane and Smith Chart Analysis. ECE 303 Fall 2005 Farhan Rana Cornell University
ctur RF ad Micrwav Circuit Dig -Pla ad Smith Chart Aalyi I thi lctur yu will lar: -pla ad Smith Chart Stub tuig Quartr-Wav trafrmr ECE 33 Fall 5 Farha Raa Crll Uivrity V V Impdac Trafrmati i Tramii i ω
More informationContinuous-Time Fourier Transform. Transform. Transform. Transform. Transform. Transform. Definition The CTFT of a continuoustime
Ctiuus-Tim Furir Dfiiti Th CTFT f a ctiuustim sigal x a (t is giv by Xa ( jω xa( t jωt Oft rfrrd t as th Furir spctrum r simply th spctrum f th ctiuus-tim sigal dt Ctiuus-Tim Furir Dfiiti Th ivrs CTFT
More information. This is made to keep the kinetic energy at outlet a minimum.
Runnr Francis Turbin Th shap th blads a Francis runnr is cmplx. Th xact shap dpnds n its spciic spd. It is bvius rm th quatin spciic spd (Eq.5.8) that highr spciic spd mans lwr had. This rquirs that th
More informationTopic 5:Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
ELEC64: Sigals Ad Systms Tpic 5:Discrt-Tim Furir Trasfrm DTFT Aishy Amr Ccrdia Uivrsity Elctrical ad Cmputr Egirig Itrducti DT Furir Trasfrm Sufficit cditi fr th DTFT DT Furir Trasfrm f Pridic Sigals DTFT
More information(Reference: sections in Silberberg 5 th ed.)
ALE. Atomic Structur Nam HEM K. Marr Tam No. Sctio What is a atom? What is th structur of a atom? Th Modl th structur of a atom (Rfrc: sctios.4 -. i Silbrbrg 5 th d.) Th subatomic articls that chmists
More informationECE594I Notes set 6: Thermal Noise
C594I ots, M. odwll, copyrightd C594I Nots st 6: Thrmal Nois Mark odwll Uivrsity of Califoria, ata Barbara rodwll@c.ucsb.du 805-893-344, 805-893-36 fax frcs ad Citatios: C594I ots, M. odwll, copyrightd
More informationA Brief and Elementary Note on Redshift. May 26, 2010.
A Brif and Elmntary Nt n Rdshift May 26, 2010. Jsé Francisc García Juliá C/ Dr. Marc Mrncian, 65, 5. 46025 Valncia (Spain) E-mail: js.garcia@dival.s Abstract A rasnabl xplanatin f bth rdshifts: csmlgical
More informationThe Language of SOCIAL MEDIA. Christine Dugan
Th Languag f SOCIAL MEDIA Christin Dugan Tabl f Cntnts Gt th Wrd Out...4 A Nw Kind f Languag...6 Scial Mdia Talk...12 Cnncting with Othrs...28 Changing th Dictinary...36 Glssary...42 Indx...44 Chck It
More informationThe theory of relativistic spontaneous emission from hydrogen atom in Schwarzschild Black hole
Amica Jual f Astmy ad Astphysics 01; (6): 66-71 Publishd li Dcmb 9, 01 (http://www.scicpublishiggup.cm/j/ajaa) di: 10.1168/j.ajaa.01006.1 IN: 76-678 (Pit); IN: 76-686 (Oli) Th thy f lativistic sptaus missi
More informationA Simple Proof that e is Irrational
Two of th most bautiful ad sigificat umbrs i mathmatics ar π ad. π (approximatly qual to 3.459) rprsts th ratio of th circumfrc of a circl to its diamtr. (approximatly qual to.788) is th bas of th atural
More informationQuantum Mechanics & Spectroscopy Prof. Jason Goodpaster. Problem Set #2 ANSWER KEY (5 questions, 10 points)
Chm 5 Problm St # ANSWER KEY 5 qustios, poits Qutum Mchics & Spctroscopy Prof. Jso Goodpstr Du ridy, b. 6 S th lst pgs for possibly usful costts, qutios d itgrls. Ths will lso b icludd o our futur ms..
More informationDTFT Properties. Example - Determine the DTFT Y ( e ) of n. Let. We can therefore write. From Table 3.1, the DTFT of x[n] is given by 1
DTFT Proprtis Exampl - Dtrmi th DTFT Y of y α µ, α < Lt x α µ, α < W ca thrfor writ y x x From Tabl 3., th DTFT of x is giv by ω X ω α ω Copyright, S. K. Mitra Copyright, S. K. Mitra DTFT Proprtis DTFT
More informationRegents Chemistry Period Unit 3: Atomic Structure. Unit 3 Vocabulary..Due: Test Day
Name Skills: 1. Interpreting Mdels f the Atm 2. Determining the number f subatmic particles 3. Determine P, e-, n fr ins 4. Distinguish istpes frm ther atms/ins Regents Chemistry Perid Unit 3: Atmic Structure
More information1985 AP Calculus BC: Section I
985 AP Calculus BC: Sctio I 9 Miuts No Calculator Nots: () I this amiatio, l dots th atural logarithm of (that is, logarithm to th bas ). () Ulss othrwis spcifid, th domai of a fuctio f is assumd to b
More informationOutline. Ionizing Radiation. Introduction. Ionizing radiation
Outli Ioizig Radiatio Chaptr F.A. Attix, Itroductio to Radiological Physics ad Radiatio Dosimtry Radiological physics ad radiatio dosimtry Typs ad sourcs of ioizig radiatio Dscriptio of ioizig radiatio
More informationElectromagnetic radiation and steady states of hydrogen atom
Elctromagtic radiatio ad stady stats of hydrog atom Jiaomig Luo Egirig Rsarch Ctr i Biomatrials, Sichua Uivrsity, 9# Wagjiag Road, Chgdu, Chia, 610064 Abstract. Elctromagtic phoma i hydrog atom ar cotrolld
More informationTriple Play: From De Morgan to Stirling To Euler to Maclaurin to Stirling
Tripl Play: From D Morga to Stirlig To Eulr to Maclauri to Stirlig Augustus D Morga (186-1871) was a sigificat Victoria Mathmaticia who mad cotributios to Mathmatics History, Mathmatical Rcratios, Mathmatical
More informationSolution to 1223 The Evil Warden.
Solutio to 1 Th Evil Ward. This is o of thos vry rar PoWs (I caot thik of aothr cas) that o o solvd. About 10 of you submittd th basic approach, which givs a probability of 47%. I was shockd wh I foud
More informationLECTURE 13 Filling the bands. Occupancy of Available Energy Levels
LUR 3 illig th bads Occupacy o Availabl rgy Lvls W hav dtrmid ad a dsity o stats. W also d a way o dtrmiig i a stat is illd or ot at a giv tmpratur. h distributio o th rgis o a larg umbr o particls ad
More informationorbiting electron turns out to be wrong even though it Unfortunately, the classical visualization of the
Lctur 22-1 Byond Bohr Modl Unfortunatly, th classical visualization of th orbiting lctron turns out to b wrong vn though it still givs us a simpl way to think of th atom. Quantum Mchanics is ndd to truly
More informationOption 3. b) xe dx = and therefore the series is convergent. 12 a) Divergent b) Convergent Proof 15 For. p = 1 1so the series diverges.
Optio Chaptr Ercis. Covrgs to Covrgs to Covrgs to Divrgs Covrgs to Covrgs to Divrgs 8 Divrgs Covrgs to Covrgs to Divrgs Covrgs to Covrgs to Covrgs to Covrgs to 8 Proof Covrgs to π l 8 l a b Divrgt π Divrgt
More informationLecture 27: The 180º Hybrid.
Whits, EE 48/58 Lctur 7 Pag f 0 Lctur 7: Th 80º Hybrid. Th scnd rciprcal dirctinal cuplr w will discuss is th 80º hybrid. As th nam implis, th utputs frm such a dvic can b 80º ut f phas. Thr ar tw primary
More informationIdentical Particles. We would like to move from the quantum theory of hydrogen to that for the rest of the periodic table
We wuld like t ve fr the quatu thery f hydrge t that fr the rest f the peridic table Oe electr at t ultielectr ats This is cplicated by the iteracti f the electrs with each ther ad by the fact that the
More informationChapter (8) Estimation and Confedence Intervals Examples
Chaptr (8) Estimatio ad Cofdc Itrvals Exampls Typs of stimatio: i. Poit stimatio: Exampl (1): Cosidr th sampl obsrvatios, 17,3,5,1,18,6,16,10 8 X i i1 17 3 5 118 6 16 10 116 X 14.5 8 8 8 14.5 is a poit
More informationHow many neutrino species?
ow may utrio scis? Two mthods for dtrmii it lium abudac i uivrs At a collidr umbr of utrio scis Exasio of th uivrs is ovrd by th Fridma quatio R R 8G tot Kc R Whr: :ubblcostat G :Gravitatioal costat 6.
More informationPHYSICS 489/1489 LECTURE 7: QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
PHYSICS 489/489 LECTURE 7: QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS REMINDER Problm st du today 700 in Box F TODAY: W invstigatd th Dirac quation it dscribs a rlativistic spin /2 particl implis th xistnc of antiparticl
More informationLecture 26: Quadrature (90º) Hybrid.
Whits, EE 48/58 Lctur 26 Pag f Lctur 26: Quadratur (9º) Hybrid. Back in Lctur 23, w bgan ur discussin f dividrs and cuplrs by cnsidring imprtant gnral prprtis f thrand fur-prt ntwrks. This was fllwd by
More informationChapter 33 Gauss s Law
Chaptr 33 Gauss s Law 33 Gauss s Law Whn askd t find th lctric flux thrugh a clsd surfac du t a spcifid nn-trivial charg distributin, flks all t ftn try th immnsly cmplicatd apprach f finding th lctric
More informationBrief Introduction to Statistical Mechanics
Brif Introduction to Statistical Mchanics. Purpos: Ths nots ar intndd to provid a vry quick introduction to Statistical Mchanics. Th fild is of cours far mor vast than could b containd in ths fw pags.
More informationAll staff should All work as team to communication achieve highest should be clinical quality smooth and no in healthcare barriers should exist 4
rd a h u Hav y ls? f Si 1 Sils 2 av h t n Sils d in with ct cnn thr ach but k s i ris it ships t c a f In latin tin r n i nt niza a g r an within althcar sp h 3 uld h s f f All sta am t st a k r w st h
More informationOn a problem of J. de Graaf connected with algebras of unbounded operators de Bruijn, N.G.
O a problm of J. d Graaf coctd with algbras of uboudd oprators d Bruij, N.G. Publishd: 01/01/1984 Documt Vrsio Publishr s PDF, also kow as Vrsio of Rcord (icluds fial pag, issu ad volum umbrs) Plas chck
More informationName: Period: Date: ATOMIC STRUCTURE NOTES ADVANCED CHEMISTRY
Name: Perid: Date: ATOMIC STRUCTURE NOTES ADVANCED CHEMISTRY Directins: This packet will serve as yur ntes fr this chapter. Fllw alng with the PwerPint presentatin and fill in the missing infrmatin. Imprtant
More informationBETA DECAY VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE BETA DECAY Suppos now that a nuclus xists which has ithr too many or too fw nutrons rlativ to th numbr of protons prsnt for stability. Stability can b achivd by th convrsion insid
More informationMount Vernon Charles Station Potential Visibility Assessment. December 4, 2017 Chesapeake Conservancy Annapolis, MD 21401
Mt Vr Charls tati Pttial Vility Assssmt Dcmbr, 7 Chsapak Csrvacy Aaplis, MD Mthdlgy Bst Availabl Data Lidar pit clds rprst th bst availabl lvati data i Charls ad Pric Grg s Ctis. Ths datasts ctai millis
More informationH2 Mathematics Arithmetic & Geometric Series ( )
H Mathmatics Arithmtic & Gomtric Sris (08 09) Basic Mastry Qustios Arithmtic Progrssio ad Sris. Th rth trm of a squc is 4r 7. (i) Stat th first four trms ad th 0th trm. (ii) Show that th squc is a arithmtic
More information5 Curl-free fields and electrostatic potential
5 Curl-fr filds and lctrstatic tntial Mathmaticall, w can gnrat a curl-fr vctr fild E(,, ) as E = ( V, V, V ), b taking th gradint f an scalar functin V (r) =V (,, ). Th gradint f V (,, ) is dfind t b
More informationO QP P. Limit Theorems. p and to see if it will be less than a pre-assigned number,. p n
Limit Trms W ft av t d fr apprximatis w gts vry larg. Fr xampl, smtims fidig t prbability distributis f radm variabls lad t utractabl matmatical prblms. W ca s tat t distributi fr crtai fuctis f a radm
More informationThe Giant Atom Like System
Ad. Studis Thr. Phys., Vl. 3, 009,. 4, 4-78 Th Giat At Lik Syst Ead Eldib Chaira f Thrtical Physics Qua Uirsity, Egyt ldib@yah.c Abstract I csidrd th "giat at" as a histrical stag i stags f dlt f th slar
More informationph People Grade Level: basic Duration: minutes Setting: classroom or field site
ph Popl Adaptd from: Whr Ar th Frogs? in Projct WET: Curriculum & Activity Guid. Bozman: Th Watrcours and th Council for Environmntal Education, 1995. ph Grad Lvl: basic Duration: 10 15 minuts Stting:
More informationSolutions. Definitions pertaining to solutions
Slutis Defiitis pertaiig t slutis Slute is the substace that is disslved. It is usually preset i the smaller amut. Slvet is the substace that des the disslvig. It is usually preset i the larger amut. Slubility
More information2617 Mark Scheme June 2005 Mark Scheme 2617 June 2005
Mark Schm 67 Ju 5 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Marks i th mark schm ar plicitly dsigatd as M, A, B, E or G. M marks ("mthod" ar for a attmpt to us a corrct mthod (ot mrly for statig th mthod. A marks ("accuracy"
More information22/ Breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Selection rules for rotational-vibrational transitions. P, R branches.
Subjct Chmistry Papr No and Titl Modul No and Titl Modul Tag 8/ Physical Spctroscopy / Brakdown of th Born-Oppnhimr approximation. Slction ruls for rotational-vibrational transitions. P, R branchs. CHE_P8_M
More informationChapter 3.1: Polynomial Functions
Ntes 3.1: Ply Fucs Chapter 3.1: Plymial Fuctis I Algebra I ad Algebra II, yu ecutered sme very famus plymial fuctis. I this secti, yu will meet may ther members f the plymial family, what sets them apart
More informationModern Physics. Unit 15: Nuclear Structure and Decay Lecture 15.2: The Strong Force. Ron Reifenberger Professor of Physics Purdue University
Mder Physics Uit 15: Nuclear Structure ad Decay Lecture 15.: The Strg Frce R Reifeberger Prfessr f Physics Purdue Uiversity 1 Bidig eergy er ucle - the deuter Eergy (MeV) ~0.4fm B.E. A =.MeV/ = 1.1 MeV/ucle.
More informationln x = n e = 20 (nearest integer)
H JC Prlim Solutios 6 a + b y a + b / / dy a b 3/ d dy a b at, d Giv quatio of ormal at is y dy ad y wh. d a b () (,) is o th curv a+ b () y.9958 Qustio Solvig () ad (), w hav a, b. Qustio d.77 d d d.77
More informationLectures 9 IIR Systems: First Order System
EE3054 Sigals ad Systms Lcturs 9 IIR Systms: First Ordr Systm Yao Wag Polytchic Uivrsity Som slids icludd ar xtractd from lctur prstatios prpard by McCllla ad Schafr Lics Ifo for SPFirst Slids This work
More information120~~60 o D 12~0 1500~30O, 15~30 150~30. ..,u 270,,,, ~"~"-4-~qno 240 2~o 300 v 240 ~70O 300
1 Find th plar crdinats that d nt dscrib th pint in th givn graph. (-2, 30 ) C (2,30 ) B (-2,210 ) D (-2,-150 ) Find th quatin rprsntd in th givn graph. F 0=3 H 0=2~ G r=3 J r=2 0 :.1 2 3 ~ 300 2"~ 2,
More informationChapter 11 Solutions ( ) 1. The wavelength of the peak is. 2. The temperature is found with. 3. The power is. 4. a) The power is
Chapt Solutios. Th wavlgth of th pak is pic 3.898 K T 3.898 K 373K 885 This cospods to ifad adiatio.. Th tpatu is foud with 3.898 K pic T 3 9.898 K 50 T T 5773K 3. Th pow is 4 4 ( 0 ) P σ A T T ( ) ( )
More informationAPPENDIX: STATISTICAL TOOLS
I. Nots o radom samplig Why do you d to sampl radomly? APPENDI: STATISTICAL TOOLS I ordr to masur som valu o a populatio of orgaisms, you usually caot masur all orgaisms, so you sampl a subst of th populatio.
More informationHow many neutrons does this aluminium atom contain? A 13 B 14 C 27 D 40
alumiium atom has a uclo umbr of 7 ad a roto umbr of 3. How may utros dos this alumiium atom cotai? 3 4 7 40 atom of lmt Q cotais 9 lctros, 9 rotos ad 0 utros. What is Q? calcium otassium strotium yttrium
More informationsection 1 Influencing Change Toolkit How to: Influence People
Influncing Chang Tlkit Hw t: Influnc Ppl Influncing ppl mans having an ffct n thm, changing r mdifying thir viw. In rdr t influnc chang, w nd t influnc th ppl wh ar in a psitin t mak that chang happn.
More informationAvailable online at Energy Procedia 4 (2011) Energy Procedia 00 (2010) GHGT-10
Availabl oli at www.scicdirct.com Ergy Procdia 4 (01 170 177 Ergy Procdia 00 (010) 000 000 Ergy Procdia www.lsvir.com/locat/procdia www.lsvir.com/locat/xxx GHGT-10 Exprimtal Studis of CO ad CH 4 Diffusio
More information2. Laser physics - basics
. Lasr physics - basics Spontanous and stimulatd procsss Einstin A and B cofficints Rat quation analysis Gain saturation What is a lasr? LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulatd Emission of Radiation "light"
More informationFirst derivative analysis
Robrto s Nots on Dirntial Calculus Chaptr 8: Graphical analysis Sction First drivativ analysis What you nd to know alrady: How to us drivativs to idntiy th critical valus o a unction and its trm points
More informationMixed Mode Oscillations as a Mechanism for Pseudo-Plateau Bursting
Mixd Mod Oscillatios as a Mchaism for Psudo-Platau Burstig Richard Brtram Dpartmt of Mathmatics Florida Stat Uivrsity Tallahass, FL Collaborators ad Support Thodor Vo Marti Wchslbrgr Joël Tabak Uivrsity
More informationReliability of time dependent stress-strength system for various distributions
IOS Joural of Mathmatcs (IOS-JM ISSN: 78-578. Volum 3, Issu 6 (Sp-Oct., PP -7 www.osrjourals.org lablty of tm dpdt strss-strgth systm for varous dstrbutos N.Swath, T.S.Uma Mahswar,, Dpartmt of Mathmatcs,
More informationEinstein Equations for Tetrad Fields
Apiron, Vol 13, No, Octobr 006 6 Einstin Equations for Ttrad Filds Ali Rıza ŞAHİN, R T L Istanbul (Turky) Evry mtric tnsor can b xprssd by th innr product of ttrad filds W prov that Einstin quations for
More informationDiscrete Fourier Transform. Nuno Vasconcelos UCSD
Discrt Fourir Trasform uo Vascoclos UCSD Liar Shift Ivariat (LSI) systms o of th most importat cocpts i liar systms thory is that of a LSI systm Dfiitio: a systm T that maps [ ito y[ is LSI if ad oly if
More informationCoulomb s Law Worksheet Solutions
PHLYZIS ulb Law Wrkht Slutin. w charg phr 0 c apart attract ach thr with a frc f 3.0 0 6 N. What frc rult fr ach f th fllwing chang, cnir paratly? a Bth charg ar ubl an th itanc rain th a. b An uncharg,
More informationMath 34A. Final Review
Math A Final Rviw 1) Us th graph of y10 to find approimat valus: a) 50 0. b) y (0.65) solution for part a) first writ an quation: 50 0. now tak th logarithm of both sids: log() log(50 0. ) pand th right
More informationExtraction of Doping Density Distributions from C-V Curves
Extraction of Doping Dnsity Distributions from C-V Curvs Hartmut F.-W. Sadrozinski SCIPP, Univ. California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 9564 USA 1. Connction btwn C, N, V Start with Poisson quation d V =
More information3 2x. 3x 2. Prepared by Vince Zaccone For Campus Learning Assistance Services at UCSB
Math B Intgration Rviw (Solutions) Do ths intgrals. Solutions ar postd at th wbsit blow. If you hav troubl with thm, sk hlp immdiatly! () 8 d () 5 d () d () sin d (5) d (6) cos d (7) d www.clas.ucsb.du/staff/vinc
More informationChapter 6: Polarization and Crystal Optics
Chaptr 6: Polarization and Crystal Optics * P6-1. Cascadd Wav Rtardrs. Show that two cascadd quartr-wav rtardrs with paralll fast axs ar quivalnt to a half-wav rtardr. What is th rsult if th fast axs ar
More informationLecture 28 Title: Diatomic Molecule : Vibrational and Rotational spectra
Lctur 8 Titl: Diatomic Molcul : Vibrational and otational spctra Pag- In this lctur w will undrstand th molcular vibrational and rotational spctra of diatomic molcul W will start with th Hamiltonian for
More informationDiscrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Discrt Fourir Trasorm DFT Major: All Egirig Majors Authors: Duc guy http://umricalmthods.g.us.du umrical Mthods or STEM udrgraduats 8/3/29 http://umricalmthods.g.us.du Discrt Fourir Trasorm Rcalld th xpotial
More informationCDS 101: Lecture 5.1 Reachability and State Space Feedback
CDS, Lctur 5. CDS : Lctur 5. Rachability ad Stat Spac Fdback Richard M. Murray 7 Octobr 3 Goals: Di rachability o a cotrol systm Giv tsts or rachability o liar systms ad apply to ampls Dscrib th dsig o
More information4E : The Quantum Universe. Lecture 5, April 5 Vivek Sharma
4E : Th Quantum Univrs Lctur 5, April 5 Vivk Sharma modphys@hpmail.ucsd.du An X-ray Tub from 0 th Cntury Xray Th High Enrgy Acclrator of 1900s: producd nrgtic light : X Ray, gav nw optic to subatomic world
More informationCDS 101: Lecture 5.1 Reachability and State Space Feedback
CDS, Lctur 5. CDS : Lctur 5. Rachability ad Stat Spac Fdback Richard M. Murray ad Hido Mabuchi 5 Octobr 4 Goals: Di rachability o a cotrol systm Giv tsts or rachability o liar systms ad apply to ampls
More informationEE 232 Lightwave Devices Lecture 3: Basic Semiconductor Physics and Optical Processes. Optical Properties of Semiconductors
3 Lightwav Dvics Lctur 3: Basic Smicoductor Physics ad Optical Procsss Istructor: Mig C. Wu Uivrsity of Califoria, Brly lctrical girig ad Computr Scics Dpt. 3 Lctur 3- Optical Proprtis of Smicoductors
More informationUnit -2 THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS
Uit - THEORY OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS 1) hat is sluti? : It is a hmgeus mixture f tw r mre cmpuds. ) hat is dilute sluti? : It is a sluti i which slute ccetrati is very less. 3) Give a example fr slid- slid
More informationPhysics 302 Exam Find the curve that passes through endpoints (0,0) and (1,1) and minimizes 1
Physis Exam 6. Fid th urv that passs through dpoits (, ad (, ad miimizs J [ y' y ]dx Solutio: Si th itgrad f dos ot dpd upo th variabl of itgratio x, w will us th sod form of Eulr s quatio: f f y' y' y
More informationHadamard Exponential Hankel Matrix, Its Eigenvalues and Some Norms
Math Sci Ltt Vol No 8-87 (0) adamard Exotial al Matrix, Its Eigvalus ad Som Norms İ ad M bula Mathmatical Scics Lttrs Itratioal Joural @ 0 NSP Natural Scics Publishig Cor Dartmt of Mathmatics, aculty of
More informationsurface of a dielectric-metal interface. It is commonly used today for discovering the ways in
Surfac plasmon rsonanc is snsitiv mchanism for obsrving slight changs nar th surfac of a dilctric-mtal intrfac. It is commonl usd toda for discovring th was in which protins intract with thir nvironmnt,
More information