Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry"

Transcription

1 EXAM 1 REVIEW September 24, 2010 Chemistry Learning Center UW Madison Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Chemistry 1

2 Be acquainted with the macroscopic and particulate perspectives of matter Understand differences between pure substances and homogeneous/heterogeneous mixtures 5. (2 pts) Explain what chemists refer to as a heterogeneous mixture and give a representative example (shall be a solid). 2

3 Know how to differentiate between elements, atoms, compounds, and molecules Know how to distinguish between physical and chemical properties and changes 3

4 Be able to define, and give examples of, intensive and extensive physical properties Understand relationship between mass, volume, and density 4

5 Know common metric prefixes (Table 2), especially mega-, kilo-, centi-, milli-, micro, and nano- Let s Review 5

6 Master dimensional analysis to convert between units Understand the difference between precision and accuracy 6

7 Be able to calculate experimental and percent error Understand scientific notation 7

8 Know how to use correct number of significant figures in calculations Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 8

9 Know the basic composition of an atom Know how to determine the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom from the notation 9

10 Understand the difference between mass number, atomic weight, and atomic number Be familiar with the relative mass scale and the atomic mass unit 10

11 Recognize the meaning of isotopes Be able to calculate atomic weight from isotope abundances and isotopic masses 11

12 Determine isotopic abundance (or isotopic mass) from atomic weight and isotopic mass (or isotopic abundance) b. (3 pts) Using the data provided above, calculate the relative atomic mass of copper. Make sure to give the correct number of significant figures. Show your work. Know how to use the periodic table to find the atomic number and mass of any element 12

13 Understand the basic features of the periodic table (periods, groups, main group elements, transition elements, metals, nonmetals, metalloids) Know the basic properties of the key blocks (metals, nonmetals, metalloids) 13

14 Know the names and some key properties of the main groups (alkali metals,halogens, etc) Know the names and atomic symbols of the first 38 elements plus others from HW#1 14

15 Recognize that elements in the same group have similar chemical properties Molecular formula, condensed formula, structural formula, ball-and-stick model, and space- filling model C 4 H 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 15

16 Be able to predict whether a compound is ionic or molecular based on its constituent atoms Know the basic properties of ionic compounds Solids that arrange themselves into crystal lattices Held together by Coulombic forces Upon solvation in water breaks apart into constituent cations and anions 16

17 Know how to predict the charge of a main group element in an ionic compound based on its location in the periodic table 4. (2 pts) Which of the following two ionic compounds is expected to have the lower melting point and why? KCl (K and Cl belong to groups 1A and 7A, respectively) CaO (Ca and O belong to groups 2A and 6A, respectively) The melting point of... is lower because... Know the rules for naming ionic compounds and molecular compounds 1. (4 pts) Complete the table below by filling in the proper name or formula. Compound Proper Name FeCrO4 (NH4)2SO4 iron(iii)carbonate calcium phosphate 17

18 Remember the formulas, names, and charges of common polyatomic ions (Table2.4) +1 CHARGE -1 CHARGE -2 CHARGE -3 CHARGE ion name ion name ion name ion name NH + 4 ammonium H 2 PO - 3 dihydrogen phosphite HPO 2-3 hydrogen phosphite PO 3-3 phosphite H 3 O + hydronium H 2 PO - 4 dihydrogen phosphate HPO 2-4 hydrogen phosphate PO 3-4 phosphate HCO - 3 hydrogen carbonate CO 2-3 carbonate HSO - 3 hydrogen sulfite SO 2-3 sulfite HSO - 4 hydrogen sulfate SO 2-4 sulfate NO - 2 nitrite CrO 2-4 chromate NO - 3 nitrate Cr 2 O 2-7 dichromate OH - hydroxide CH 3 COO - acetate CrO - 2 chromite CN - cyanide MnO - 4 permanganate ClO - hypochlorite ClO - 2 chlorite ClO - 3 chlorate ClO - 4 perchlorate BrO - hypobromite BrO - 2 bromite BrO - 3 bromate BrO - 4 perbromate IO - hypoiodite IO - 2 iodite IO - 3 iodate IO - 4 periodate Know how to derive the name of a compound from its formula and vice versa 18

19 Understand the concepts of a mole and Avogadro's number Be able to calculate molar mass from molecular formula 19

20 Know how to convert between grams and moles using molar mass Know how to convert grams or moles to number of atoms using molar mass 20

21 Be able to calculate percent composition for a compound from its molecular formula 3. (3 pts total) Elemental copper can be obtained by heating Cu2S (chalcocite) in the presence of oxygen. The molar masses of the elements are: Cu = g/mol and S = g/mol.a. (2 pts) What is the mass percent of copper in Cu 2 S? b. (1 pt) How many grams of Cu 2 S must be used to produce 5.00 g of copper? Know how to determine the empirical formula from % composition 2. (6 pts total) Glucose, a simple sugar, is composed of 40.00% C, 6.71% H, and 53.28% O. The molar masses of the elements are: C = g/mol, H = g/mol, and O = g/mol. a. (4 pts) What is the empirical formula of glucose? 21

22 Know how to determine the molecular formula from % composition and molar mass 2. (6 pts total) Glucose, a simple sugar, is composed of 40.00% C, 6.71% H, and 53.28% O. The molar masses of the elements are: C = g/mol, H = g/mol, and O = g/mol. b. (2 pts) Knowing that its molar mass is g/mol, what is the molecular formula of glucose? Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions 22

23 Understand the concept of conservation of matter as applied to a chemical reaction Know how to balance a chemical equation 23

24 Possess the ability to describe the concept of dynamic equilibrium Recognize that some reactions are product-favored and some are reactant-favored,and be able to provide examples for both types of reactions Identify each reaction or process as product-favored or reactantfavored? A. Ice melting at 0C B. Ice melting at 1C C. Wood burning D. Generating gasoline from car exhaust E. Apples oxidizing 24

25 Recognize what the solvent and solute(s) of a solution are Know how to distinguish between strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes 25

26 Understand what happens at the atomic level when an ionic solid dissolves Know how to use a solubility table to predict which ionic compounds dissolve and which ones form precipitates 26

27 Be able to write balanced equations, complete ionic equations, and net ionic equations Know the Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases Acid is a proton donor Base is a proton acceptor 27

28 Memorize the acids and bases in Table 3.2 that derive from the common polyatomicions included in Table 2.4 (as specified in the lecture notes) Seven Strong Acids HCl - hydrochloric acid HNO 3 - nitric acid H 2 SO 4 - sulfuric acid HBr - hydrobromic acid HI - hydroiodic acid HClO 4 - perchloric acid HClO 3 - chloric acid Strong Bases LiOH - lithium hydroxide NaOH - sodium hydroxide KOH - potassium hydroxide RbOH - rubidium hydroxide CsOH - cesium hydroxide *Ca(OH) 2 - calcium hydroxide *Sr(OH) 2 - strontium hydroxide *Ba(OH) 2 - barium hydroxide Know which oxides form acidic solutions and which ones form basic solutions 28

29 Recognize which reagent is being oxidized, and which one is being reduced, during an oxidation-reduction reaction and know how to identify the oxidizing and reducing agents Leo the Lion Says Ger Reduction= GER= Gain of Electrons Oxidation = LEO= Loss of Electron OILRIG Oxidation is Loss=OIL Reduction is Gain=RIG Know the rules for assigning oxidation numbers and be able to apply them to ionic compounds 29

30 Know how to distinguish between precipitation, acidbase, gas forming, and oxidation-reduction reactions and be able to provide examples Chapter 4 Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information about Chemical Reactions 30

31 THE KEY TO STOICHIOMETRY Moles of what you want = Moles of Limiting Reagent X Coefficient of what you want Coefficient of Limiting Reagent Know how to use stoichiometric coefficients to determine mass relationships between reactants and products 31

32 Be able to identify the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction Know how to determine theoretical yield, actual yield, and percent yield 32

33 Use a chemical equation and other information to determine the composition of a reactant or product Know how to use the results from a combustion analysis to determine the empirical formula of substances such as CxHyOz and MxOy (where M is a metal) 33

34 Be able to calculate the molarity of a solution and use molarity in calculations Know how to prepare dilute solutions from a concentrated stock solution 34

35 Be able to calculate the ph of a solution containing a strong acid or strong base and know how to convert ph to hydronium ion concentration Know how the ph scale relates to acidity and basicity of a solution 35

36 Know how to solve stoichiometric problems using solution concentrations 36

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 18-19

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 18-19 AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 18-19 1 st Assignment due July 15 th Final Assignment due September 3 rd All assignments are due by the specified dates. No late work will be accepted. Not completing the

More information

Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67)

Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67) Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67) I. Elecrolytes a. Soluble substances b. Insoluble substances c. Electrolytes d. Non-Electrolytes e. Ions and electrical conductivity f. Strong and

More information

» Composed of more than one type of atom chemically bonded.» A pure substance, meaning its properties are the same throughout the substance.

» Composed of more than one type of atom chemically bonded.» A pure substance, meaning its properties are the same throughout the substance. » Composed of more than one type of atom chemically bonded.» A pure substance, meaning its properties are the same throughout the substance.» Separated chemically not physically» No overall charge; they

More information

Ionic Compound Solubility. Ionic Compound Solubility. Nitrates (NO 3 - ) Chlorates (ClO 3 - ) Ionic Compound Solubility. Ionic Compound Solubility

Ionic Compound Solubility. Ionic Compound Solubility. Nitrates (NO 3 - ) Chlorates (ClO 3 - ) Ionic Compound Solubility. Ionic Compound Solubility Nitrates (NO 3 - ) Chlorates (ClO 3 - ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 - ) Acetates (C 2 H 3 O 2 - ) Alkali Metal Compounds (Li +,Na +,K +,Rb +,Cs + ) Ammonium Compounds (NH 4 + ) Chlorides (Cl - ) Bromides (Br -

More information

Name. Academic Chemistry Stoichiometry Notes. Unit #10 Test Date: cincochem.pbworks.com

Name. Academic Chemistry Stoichiometry Notes. Unit #10 Test Date: cincochem.pbworks.com Name Academic Chemistry Stoichiometry Notes Unit #10 Test Date: cincochem.pbworks.com Resources Unit 10 Common Polyatomic Ions List 20 Name Common Polyatomic Ion Ions Name Ion acetate C 2 H 3 O 2 or CH3

More information

Due Friday, August 18 th, 2017 Mrs. Hockstok - AP Chemistry Class Olentangy Orange High School Summer Assignment

Due Friday, August 18 th, 2017 Mrs. Hockstok - AP Chemistry Class Olentangy Orange High School Summer Assignment Due Friday, August 18 th, 2017 Mrs. Hockstok - AP Chemistry Class Olentangy Orange High School Summer Assignment 2017-2018 You will have a quiz on the first day of school (August 16 th, 2017) on the polyatomic

More information

Welcome to AP Chemistry!

Welcome to AP Chemistry! Welcome to AP Chemistry! I am looking forward to next year and hope that you feel the same way. AP Chemistry is a very fast paced course as we need to be prepared for the test in early May. The first 3

More information

Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 Water, The Common Solvent State why water acts as a common solvent. Draw the structure of water, including partial charge. Write equations

More information

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY: PRACTICE AND STUDY GUIDE E. KENNEDY, REVIEWED BY J. HONG, P. LIPPERT

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY: PRACTICE AND STUDY GUIDE E. KENNEDY, REVIEWED BY J. HONG, P. LIPPERT INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY: PRACTICE AND STUDY GUIDE E. KENNEDY, REVIEWED BY J. HONG, P. LIPPERT CONCEPTS INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS: DEFINITIONS Intensive property property that is independent of the quantity

More information

Welcome to AP Chemistry!

Welcome to AP Chemistry! Welcome to AP Chemistry! Students enrolled in AP chemistry will be asked to reinforce skills and knowledge accumulated in the first year chemistry class (Honors Chemistry) during the summer before the

More information

Ionic Bonding (Ch.7) Covalent Bonding (Ch.8) Metallic Bonding

Ionic Bonding (Ch.7) Covalent Bonding (Ch.8) Metallic Bonding Unit 3: Chemical Bonding Outline Ionic Bonding (Ch.7) Valence electrons Positive and negative ions and transition metal ions Ionic bonding: Charge on compounds Ionic compounds characteristics Writing ionic

More information

Chapter 9. Chemical Names and Formulas

Chapter 9. Chemical Names and Formulas Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas 9.1 - Naming Ions Monatomic ions: Single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons. - Cations: Groups

More information

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Chemistry! To make sure we can hit the ground running in August, you will be assigned some summer homework. This assignment will help you with some of the memorization,

More information

Nomenclature. A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds

Nomenclature. A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds Nomenclature A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds Nomenclature Ternary Ionic Compounds Binary and Ternary Acids Ternary Ionic Compounds >2 elements cation with an anion Metal cation with

More information

AP CHEMISTRY THINGS TO KNOW

AP CHEMISTRY THINGS TO KNOW AP CHEMISTRY THINGS TO KNOW Diatomic Molecules H2-hydrogen gas (do not write H) N2-nitrogen gas (do no write N) O2-oxygen gas (do not write O) F2-fluorine gas (do not write F) Cl2-chlorine gas (do not

More information

Ternary Compounds. , to give the compound, NaNO 3, sodium nitrate.

Ternary Compounds. , to give the compound, NaNO 3, sodium nitrate. Ternary Compounds Ternary Compounds Ternary compounds are those containing three different elements. (NaNO 3, NH 4 Cl, etc.). The naming of ternary compounds involves the memorization of several positive

More information

Mr. Storie 40S Chemistry Student Acid and bases Unit. Acids and Bases

Mr. Storie 40S Chemistry Student Acid and bases Unit. Acids and Bases Acids and Bases 1 UNIT 4: ACIDS & BASES OUTCOMES All important vocabulary is in Italics and bold. Outline the historical development of acid base theories. Include: Arrhenius, BronstedLowry, Lewis. Write

More information

Chapter 2. The Components of Matter

Chapter 2. The Components of Matter Chapter 2. The Components of Matter 1 The Periodic Table (Section 2.6) 13 Al 26.981 Main Idea: 1. Groups: Old numbering system: New IUPAC numbering system: 2. Periods: 3. Know the names and properties

More information

U N I T T E S T P R A C T I C E

U N I T T E S T P R A C T I C E South Pasadena Honors Chemistry Name 6 Compounds Period Date U N I T T E S T P R A C T I C E Section 1: Multiple Choice. Select the best answer choice for each question. (1 point each) 1. Bonds between

More information

Chapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1

Chapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions

More information

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 4 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances. The solute

More information

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment AP Chemistry Summer Assignment Welcome to AP Chemistry! You will quickly notice that things will be different than they were in Honors Chemistry. For one, you must memorize a lot of the information that

More information

Definition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl

Definition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl Acids Definition of Acid Acids are substances that contain H + ions that ionize when dissolved in water. Arrhenius acid: a compound that increases the concentration of H + ions that are present when added

More information

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment AP Chemistry Summer Assignment AP Chemistry Students: This summer you are responsible for the following assignments: 1. You need to master the formulas, charges, and names of the common ions. On the second

More information

Definition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl

Definition of Acid. HCl + H 2 O H 3 O + + Cl Acids Definition of Acid Acids are substances that contain H + ions that ionize when dissolved in water. Arrhenius acid: a compound that increases the concentration of H + ions that are present when added

More information

Acids and Bases Unit 11

Acids and Bases Unit 11 Mr. B s Chemistry Acids and Bases Unit 11 Name Block Let s start our discussion of acids and bases by defining some terms that are essential to the topics that follow. Arrhenius acids and bases are: acid

More information

Stoichiometry Practice Problems

Stoichiometry Practice Problems Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Stoichiometry Practice Problems Due Date Assignment On-Time (100) Late (70) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Warm-Up EC Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located on CRHS

More information

Announcements. There are 3-classes of chemical reactions that occur in aqueous solution.

Announcements. There are 3-classes of chemical reactions that occur in aqueous solution. Announcements Exam 1 Results: Mean: 71% Range: 39.5%-93.5% Median: 72% Other Bio-LS Class Mean 72% Please read Chapter 4 and complete problems. Please see me for help. There are 3-classes of chemical reactions

More information

Welcome to AP Chemistry!

Welcome to AP Chemistry! Welcome to AP Chemistry! I am looking forward to next year and hope that you feel the same way. AP Chemistry is a very fast paced course as we cover 2 college semesters of material and need to be prepared

More information

Chapter 9 Naming Simple Compounds

Chapter 9 Naming Simple Compounds Chapter 9 Naming Simple Compounds Monatomic Ions Ionic compounds consists of a positive metal ion and a negative nonmetal ion combined in a proportion such that their charges add up to a net charge of

More information

Text: AP Chemistry Text (I will hand these out by the end of this school year and your school account will be charged directly).

Text: AP Chemistry Text (I will hand these out by the end of this school year and your school account will be charged directly). AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2017 Due to the significant amount of material covered in AP chemistry and the fact that this is the first exposure to chemistry for most of you, it is necessary for you

More information

What is the major difference between a molecular formula and formula unit?

What is the major difference between a molecular formula and formula unit? Lecture 5 Molecular Substances versus Ionic Substances Molecular Substance Ionic Substance What are some examples of molecular substances? What are some examples of ionic substances? What is the major

More information

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility

More information

Tustin HS AP Chemistry SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

Tustin HS AP Chemistry SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Tustin HS AP Chemistry SUMMER ASSIGNMENT Instructor: Email: Ms. Abbey Zinsser azinsser@tustin.k12.ca.us or azinsser@mytusd.org Textbook: Chemistry: The Central Science, Brown, LeMay, Bursten, 11 th edition

More information

Welcome to AP Chemistry!

Welcome to AP Chemistry! Welcome to AP Chemistry! You will quickly notice that things will be different than they were in Honors Chemistry. For one, you must memorize a lot of the information that was given to you on the Chemistry

More information

Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature A. Anions

Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature A. Anions Writing Net Ionic Equations and Determination of Spectator Ions Predicting Products and Balancing Total Equation: 1. Given reactants, swap appropriate ions to form product compounds 2. Determine phase

More information

Chapter 5: Nomenclature

Chapter 5: Nomenclature Chem 1025 Prof George W.J. Kenney, Jr Introductory Chemistry, Zumdahl Decoste, 6th ed Last Update: 21July09 Chapter 5: Nomenclature These Notes are to SUPPLIMENT the Text, They do NOT Replace reading the

More information

Chapter 3 - Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations

Chapter 3 - Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations Chapter 3 - Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations Section 3.2 two general types of bonding between atoms found in compounds, ionic and covalent ionic bonds result when electrons have been transferred

More information

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation)

Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation) Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry (continuation) 1. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes 2. Determining Moles of Ions in Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Compounds 3. Acids and Bases 4. Acid Strength

More information

AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT For: Students enrolled in 2017-2018 AP Chemistry Course From: Mrs. Vanessa Urteaga (L-154) Edmodo Code: https://www.edmodo.com/home#/join/nidt95 or aszj8baszj8b This assignment is a review of things you

More information

Chapter 7 & 8 Nomenclature Notes/Study Guide. Properties of ionic bonds & compounds. Section 7-2

Chapter 7 & 8 Nomenclature Notes/Study Guide. Properties of ionic bonds & compounds. Section 7-2 Objectives Properties of ionic bonds & compounds Section 72 Define chemical bond. Describe formation of ionic bonds structure of ionic compounds. Generalize of ionic bonds based on Main Idea of ionic compounds

More information

UNIT 10 Reduction/Oxidation Reactions & Electrochemistry NOTES

UNIT 10 Reduction/Oxidation Reactions & Electrochemistry NOTES Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry UNIT 10 Reduction/Oxidation Reactions & Electrochemistry NOTES Quiz Date Lab Dates Exam Date Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located on CRHS Academic Chemistry

More information

Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate.

Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate. 1 Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate. You should be able to: Vocabulary of water solubility Differentiate between

More information

AP Chemistry Unit 1 Review Guide: IUPAC Naming, Stoichiometry, Solution Chemistry

AP Chemistry Unit 1 Review Guide: IUPAC Naming, Stoichiometry, Solution Chemistry I. IUPAC Naming AP Chemistry Unit 1 Review Guide: IUPAC Naming, Stoichiometry, Solution Chemistry For Ionic Compounds: Formula to Name: 1. Identify the cation (positive ion) by name, then identify the

More information

INTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES

INTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES INTRODUCTION TO ACIDS AND BASES ALIGNED STANDARDS S.C. 912.P.8.11 Relate acidity and basicity to hydronium and hydroxide concentration and ph. S.C.912.N.1.2 Describe and explain what characterizes science

More information

Stoichiometry: Chemical Calculations. Chemistry is concerned with the properties and the interchange of matter by reaction i.e. structure and change.

Stoichiometry: Chemical Calculations. Chemistry is concerned with the properties and the interchange of matter by reaction i.e. structure and change. Chemistry is concerned with the properties and the interchange of matter by reaction i.e. structure and change. In order to do this, we need to be able to talk about numbers of atoms. The key concept is

More information

CHEMISTRY II SUMMER ASSIGNMENT and First Day Test Material

CHEMISTRY II SUMMER ASSIGNMENT and First Day Test Material CHEMISTRY II SUMMER ASSIGNMENT and First Day Test Material CHEMISTRY II FIRST DAY TEST Chemistry II is a difficult course. It is not all about memorization; however, having these items memorized is essential

More information

2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 O (g)

2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2H 2 O (g) Mass A AP Chemistry Stoichiometry Review Pages Mass to Mass Stoichiometry Problem (Review) Moles A Moles B Mass B Mass of given Amount of given Amount of unknown Mass of unknown in grams in Moles in moles

More information

Chapter 4 Outline. Electrolytic Properties

Chapter 4 Outline. Electrolytic Properties +4.1 - General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution = a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent = substance present in greatest quantity Solute = the other substance(s) present in a solution

More information

Nomenclature Report. GCC CHM 151LL: Nomenclature Report GCC, 2019 page 1 of 6

Nomenclature Report. GCC CHM 151LL: Nomenclature Report GCC, 2019 page 1 of 6 Nomenclature Report Introduction Ionic Compound Nomenclature An ionic compound is described as an electrostatic attractive force between oppositely charged ions. Monoatomic Cations Metal cations are formed

More information

Molecules and Compounds

Molecules and Compounds Molecules and Compounds ed. Brad Collins Some images Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. A molecule is an aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical bonds

More information

AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT

AP CHEMISTRY SUMMER ASSIGNMENT For: Students enrolled in 2014-2015 AP Chemistry Course From: Mrs. Vanessa Urteaga (L-154) *This assignment is a recommendation. It is a review of things you should have mastered in Chemistry I or Pre-AP

More information

You should be reading Chapter 3 and practicing nomenclature from Chapter 2 (lots to know).

You should be reading Chapter 3 and practicing nomenclature from Chapter 2 (lots to know). Announcements You should be reading Chapter 3 and practicing nomenclature from Chapter 2 (lots to know). Chapter 2: Please expect 1 or perhaps 2 to be collected as a Quiz grade on Tuesday. 1,2,4,13,14,16,18,20,24,27,34,38,40,42,45,50,53,54,

More information

SCH4U Chemistry Review: Fundamentals

SCH4U Chemistry Review: Fundamentals SCH4U Chemistry Review: Fundamentals Particle Theory of Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Anything around us and in the entire universe can be classified as either matter or energy.

More information

Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Solutions Chapter 4 and Solution Stoichiometry AP Chemistry 2014-15 North Nova Education Centre

More information

Quick Review. - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent

Quick Review. - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent Quick Review - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent Water H 2 O Is water an ionic or a covalent compound? Covalent,

More information

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction:

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Example 4.1 Stoichiometry During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Suppose that a particular plant consumes 37.8 g of CO 2

More information

Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 4 and Solution Stoichiometry John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,

More information

o Pb = +2 or +4 o Sn = +2 or +4

o Pb = +2 or +4 o Sn = +2 or +4 Task 1: Complete Worksheets 1 & 2 (attached) Task 2: Memorize the names of the elements and their corresponding symbols You need to know elements 156, plus Pt, Au, Hg, Pb, Rn, Fr, Ra, U, Pu Many of these

More information

Ionic Compounds. And Acids

Ionic Compounds. And Acids CHAPTER 7 LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOUNDS Inorganic compounds does not contain the element carbon, but there are exception to this rule, CO 2 (carbon dioxide), CO 3 2 (carbonate), and

More information

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Nomenclature Chemical Nomenclature! The first names for chemicals were common names: Sugar, quicklime, Epsom salts, milk of magnesia, gypsom, laughing gas Simple, but not practical, the tell us little about the chemicals

More information

You try: 2) HC 7H 6O 2 3) N 2O 5. 5) HClO 4. 7) Rb 2C 2O 4 8) H 3PO 4 9) AgI 10) Sr(OH) 2. What kind of compound is it? NON ELECTROLYTE (NE)

You try: 2) HC 7H 6O 2 3) N 2O 5. 5) HClO 4. 7) Rb 2C 2O 4 8) H 3PO 4 9) AgI 10) Sr(OH) 2. What kind of compound is it? NON ELECTROLYTE (NE) Solubility: Solubility is the measure of how much of a solute will dissolve in a solvent. In general chemistry, we usually talk about water as the solvent, so we are talking about what compounds will dissolve

More information

Section 4: Aqueous Reactions

Section 4: Aqueous Reactions Section 4: Aqueous Reactions 1. Solution composition 2. Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes 3. Acids, bases, and salts 4. Neutralization ti reactions 5. Precipitation reactions 6. Oxidation/reduction reactions

More information

Chapter 6. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 6. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 6 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 6 Table of Contents (6.1) (6.2) (6.3) (6.4) (6.5) (6.6) (6.7) (6.8) Water, the common solvent The nature of aqueous solutions: Strong

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Solutions. 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Solutions. 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Chapter 4 in Solution 4.1 General Properties of Solutions Solutions Solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. The solvent is present in greatest abundance. All other

More information

Reaction Classes. Precipitation Reactions

Reaction Classes. Precipitation Reactions Reaction Classes Precipitation: synthesis of an ionic solid a solid precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of certain ions are mixed AcidBase: proton transfer reactions acid donates a proton to a base,

More information

Chapter 4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Sample Exercise 4.1 (p. 127) The diagram below represents an aqueous solution of one of the following compounds: MgCl 2, KCl, or K 2 SO 4. Which solution does it best represent? Practice Exercise 1 (4.1)

More information

Chapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts

Chapter 10. Acids, Bases, and Salts Chapter 10 Acids, Bases, and Salts Topics we ll be looking at in this chapter Arrhenius theory of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory Mono-, di- and tri-protic acids Strengths of acids and

More information

AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry:

AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry: AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry: Water as a solvent Strong and Weak Electrolytes Solution Concentrations How to Make up a solution Types of Reactions Introduction

More information

AP/DE CHEMISTRY Summer Assignment

AP/DE CHEMISTRY Summer Assignment Welcome to AP/DE Chemistry, AP/DE CHEMISTRY Summer Assignment AP/DE Chemistry is a challenging yet extremely rewarding college level course. AP/DE Chemistry involves problem solving to integrate your laboratory,

More information

THE CATION MUST ALWAYS BE WRITTEN FIRST

THE CATION MUST ALWAYS BE WRITTEN FIRST Name Honors Chemistry / / Binary Ionic Compounds An ionic compound is a compound that is formed between a metal and a non-metal. (Metalloids can also be used in ionic compounds, sometimes as cations and

More information

I. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in Solution*

I. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in Solution* Chapter 5 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Titrations Kick Acid!!! 1 I. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in

More information

Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria

Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria Learning goals and key skills: Understand the nature of the hydrated proton, represented as either H + (aq) or H 3 O + (aq) Define and identify Arrhenuis acids and bases.

More information

OWL Assignment #2 Study Sheet

OWL Assignment #2 Study Sheet OWL Assignment #2 Study Sheet Binary Acid Nomenclature Binary compounds are composed of two elements. When one of the elements is a binary acid can be formed. Examples of this are HCl or H 2 S. When put

More information

Welcome to AP Chemistry!

Welcome to AP Chemistry! Welcome to AP Chemistry! The first part of your summer assignment for AP Chemistry is quite simple (but not easy). You need to master the formulas, charges, and names of the common ions. During the first

More information

Chemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Chemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHEMICAL EQUATIONS N 2 + 3 H 2 2 NH 3 2 N 6 H 2 N 6 H reactants products balanced means equal numbers of atoms of each element on each side

More information

Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. - As words: hydrogen plus oxygen combine to form water - As a chemical

More information

Chapter 10. Acids and Bases

Chapter 10. Acids and Bases Chapter 10 Acids and Bases 1 Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases Aqueous acidic solutions have the following properties: 1. They have a sour taste.. They change the colors of many indicators.

More information

Experiment #4. Chemical Nomenclature

Experiment #4. Chemical Nomenclature Experiment #4. Chemical Nomenclature Many everyday and historically important chemical compounds have common names. For example, water is the common name for H 2 O, baking soda is the common name for NaHCO

More information

SI session Grue 207A

SI session Grue 207A Chem 105 Wednesday 21 Sept 2011 1. Precipitation and Solubility 2. Solubility Rules 3. Precipitation reaction equations 4. Net ionic equations 5. OWL 6. Acids and bases SI session Grue 207A TR, 12:001:30

More information

UNIT 7 CHEMICAL FORMULAS WRITING FORMULAS NOTES. EXAMPLES: 1. carbon tetrachloride 2. calcium oxide. 3. iron (III) bromide 4.

UNIT 7 CHEMICAL FORMULAS WRITING FORMULAS NOTES. EXAMPLES: 1. carbon tetrachloride 2. calcium oxide. 3. iron (III) bromide 4. WRITING FORMULAS NOTES EXAMPLES: 1. carbon tetrachloride 2. calcium oxide 3. iron (III) bromide 4. lead (II) nitrate 5. aluminum hydroxide 6. ammonium chromate Notes- HONORS 1 NAMING COMPOUNDS NOTES EXAMPLES:

More information

Unit 2. Chapter 4-Atoms and Elements, continued

Unit 2. Chapter 4-Atoms and Elements, continued CHEMISTRY 110 LECTURE Unit 2 Chapter 4-Atoms and Elements, continued I Ions II ISOTOPES-Tools A. Tools 1. Atomic number, Z,, equals the number of protons 2. Mass number, A, equals the sum of protons and

More information

BIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016

BIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016 BIG IDEA TWO October 13, 2016 Topics to Cover in Big Idea 2 1. Ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds 2. Polarity and dipole moment 3. Intermolecular forces (IMF): 4. Lewis dot structures 5. Resonance forms

More information

Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary

Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent A. Structure of water 1. Oxygen s electronegativity is high (3.5) and hydrogen s is low (2.1)

More information

Net Ionic Equations *denotes fourths- no longer in fifths Group Mean. Net Ionic Rules and Probabilities. Net Ionic Rules. Net Ionic Rules 9/2/10

Net Ionic Equations *denotes fourths- no longer in fifths Group Mean. Net Ionic Rules and Probabilities. Net Ionic Rules. Net Ionic Rules 9/2/10 Year Global Mean Net Ionic Equations *denotes fourths no longer in fifths Group Mean Highest Fourth Third Second Lowest Net Ionic Rules and Probabilities 1998 6.2 4.5 1 5 5 8 8 1999 6.3 3.9 0 1 10 26 11

More information

Lecture 0402 Acid -- Base, Formation of a Gas, Redox Concept

Lecture 0402 Acid -- Base, Formation of a Gas, Redox Concept Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Lecture 0402 Acid -- Base, Formation of a Gas, Redox Concept John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community

More information

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment. Use every modality possible as you try to learn these speak them, write them, visualize them.

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment. Use every modality possible as you try to learn these speak them, write them, visualize them. AP Chemistry Summer Assignment In order to prepare you for the rigorous course schedule of AP Chemistry, you need to spend some time this summer preparing. You need to master the formulas, charges, and

More information

SCHOOL YEAR CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A

SCHOOL YEAR CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A SCHOOL YEAR 2017-18 NAME: CH- 13 IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY GRADE : 11 TEST A Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question. 1. A solute

More information

Chapter 14: Acids and Bases

Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Chapter 14: Acids and Bases Properties of Acids and Bases What is an acid? Some examples of common items containing acids: Vinegar contains acetic acid; lemons and citrus fruits contain citric acid; many

More information

Chem 105X Fri. Sept. 17, True 2. False. Dihydrogen monoxide is toxic. Today

Chem 105X Fri. Sept. 17, True 2. False. Dihydrogen monoxide is toxic. Today Chem 105X Fri. Sept. 17, 2010 Today Written homework problem #1 Handed back #2 Due Monday in class Next week s lab 0% 0% 1) Formulas and names 2) Mixed nomenclature 3) Calculations: moles-atoms-molecules,

More information

+ #n; Z = atomic number = #p + C isotopes: 12 6

+ #n; Z = atomic number = #p + C isotopes: 12 6 CHEMISTRY 103 Help Sheet #2 Chapter 2 (Part I); Sections 2.1.8 Do topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Nuggets: Periodic Table;

More information

CHEM 200/202. Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210. All s are to be sent to:

CHEM 200/202. Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210. All  s are to be sent to: CHEM 200/202 Professor Jing Gu Office: EIS-210 All emails are to be sent to: chem200@mail.sdsu.edu My office hours will be held in GMCS-212 on Monday from 9 am to 11 am or by appointment. ANNOUNCEMENTS

More information

Systematic Naming. Chapter 9. Two Types of Compounds. Two Types of Compounds 2 Ionic Compounds. Two Types of Compounds.

Systematic Naming. Chapter 9. Two Types of Compounds. Two Types of Compounds 2 Ionic Compounds. Two Types of Compounds. Chapter 9 Naming Compounds Writing Formulas Systematic Naming There are too many compounds to remember the names of them all. Compound is made of two or more elements. Put together atoms. Name should tell

More information

Notes: Acids and Bases

Notes: Acids and Bases Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Acids and Bases Period I. Describing Acids and Bases A. Properties of Acids taste ph 7 Acids change color of an (e.g. blue litmus paper turns in the presence of an acid) React

More information

CHEM 200/202. Professor Gregory P. Holland Office: GMCS-213C. All s are to be sent to:

CHEM 200/202. Professor Gregory P. Holland Office: GMCS-213C. All  s are to be sent to: CHEM 200/202 Professor Gregory P. Holland Office: GMCS-213C All emails are to be sent to: chem200@mail.sdsu.edu My office hours will be held in GMCS-212 on Monday from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm or by appointment.

More information

Chapter 3. Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations. Chemical Bonds

Chapter 3. Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations. Chemical Bonds Lecture Presentation Chapter 3 Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations Chemical Bonds Compounds are composed of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Chemical bonds result from the attractions between

More information

The chemical formulas of most of the elements are simply their elemental symbol:

The chemical formulas of most of the elements are simply their elemental symbol: Chemical Formulas A chemical formula gives the numbers and types of atoms that are found in a substance. When the substance is a discrete molecule, then the chemical formula is also its molecular formula.

More information

Hayfield Secondary AP Summer Assignment Cover Sheet

Hayfield Secondary AP Summer Assignment Cover Sheet Hayfield Secondary AP Summer Assignment Cover Sheet Course AP Chemistry Teacher Names & Email Julie Riley / jsriley@fcps.edu Addresses Luke Tonia / Ljtonia@fcps.edu Assignment Title AP Chemistry Date Assigned

More information

Ions and Ionic Compounds

Ions and Ionic Compounds Ions and Ionic Compounds Elements combine in a specific ratio to form compounds. Compounds can be categorized as ionic or covalent depending on the type of bond present within the compound. Ionic compounds

More information

CHM152LL Solution Chemistry Worksheet

CHM152LL Solution Chemistry Worksheet Name: Section: CHM152LL Solution Chemistry Worksheet Many chemical reactions occur in solution. Solids are often dissolved in a solvent and mixed to produce a chemical reaction that would not occur if

More information