Station 1 ACIDS, BASES, AND NEUTRALS Classify each statement as talking about an [A]cid, [B]ase, or [N]eutral. B feels slippery
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1 South Pasadena Honors Chemistry Name 4 Salts and Solutions Period Date / / Station 1 ACIDS, BASES, AND NEUTRALS Classify each statement as talking about an [A]cid, [B]ase, or [N]eutral. B feels slippery N CH 3 OH A tastes sour A H + donor B KOH B increases [OH - ] A turns cabbage juice red A increases [H + ] B tastes bitter A H 2 SO 3 N cabbage juice stays purple B NaHCO 3 (baking soda) Ammonia, NH 3, is a weak base. Cabbage juice would turn _blue_ with NH 3. NH 3 (aq) would be considered a _weak (strong weak non) electrolyte. In water, NH 3 can be described by the equation: NH 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) NH 4 + (aq) + OH Indicate one conjugate acid-base pair: _NH 3 _ and _NH 4 + (or H 2 O/OH ) NH 3 fits the Arrhenius definition of a base because it _increases [OH ]. NH 3 fits the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base because it _accepts H +. Draw the solution to the right using + and for ions and for molecules. Indicate the brightness of the light bulb when testing a solution of NH 3 (aq). + South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Station 2 SOLUBILITY RULES Circle the Insoluble Ionic Solids and then list the strong acids and strong bases from memory. MgF 2 CuSO 4 NH 4 Cl Fe(OH) 3 CsF AgCl CdS CuF 2 PbSO 4 Ba(OH) 2 Na 2 SO 4 NH 4 OH Sr(NO 3 ) 2 BaCO 3 PbBr 2 CaC 2 O 4 Hg 2 I 2 HC 2 H 3 O 2 Na 2 CrO 4 MgO Strong Acids HCl HBr HI HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 HClO 3 HClO 4 HIO 4 Strong Bases LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH Ca(OH) 2 Sr(OH) 2 Ba(OH) 2
2 South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Station 3 SOLUBILITY Is this well-stirred mixture best described as saturated or unsaturated? Justify your answer. Saturated. Undissolved solids (precipitate) indicates there maximum dissolved solutes. Consider a solution of NaCl(aq). Draw four water molecules surrounding each Na + and Cl ion below. Which of the following solutes dissolve well in the polar solvent, H 2 O? (check all that apply) soluble ionic solids insoluble ionic solids strong acids strong bases weak acids weak bases nonpolar solutes A test tube has a layer of polar H 2 O floating on a layer of nonpolar CCl 4 (carbon tetrachloride). Na + Cl CH 3 OH (polar), C 6 H 6 (nonpolar benzene), AgCl, KCl, and I 2 (nonpolar) are added to the tube. Which solutes will dissolve in the CCl 4 layer? _C 6 H 6 I 2 _ Which solute does not go into either layer? _AgCl South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions The solubility of NH 4 Cl(s) at 70 C is _60_g/100 g H 2 O. How much NH 4 Cl(s) will dissolve in 40.0 g of H 2 O? 60 g NH 4 Cl 100 g H 2 O x x 24 g NH 40 g H 2 O 4 Cl Station 4 SOLUBILITY CURVES If 40.0 grams of H 2 O, saturated with NH 4 Cl, is cooled from 70 C to 50 C, how many grams of solute should precipitate? At 50 C, 50 g NH 4Cl 100 g H 2 O x 40 g H 2 O x 20 g NH 4Cl 24 g 20 g 4 g NH4Cl will precipitate 15.0 g NH 4 Cl dissolved in 40.0 g of H 2 O at 50 C would be described as a (unsaturated saturated supersaturated) solution. Since 15 g < 20 g, the solution is unsaturated.
3 South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Fill in this chart: Station 5 ph CALCULATIONS [H + ] [OH - ] ph poh Acidic/Basic M M Acidic M M Basic M M Acidic M M Basic M M Acidic M M Acidic M M Acidic M M Basic South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Station 6 MOLARITY CALCULATIONS A 2.00 mole sample of NaOH is dissolved in enough water to make 500. ml of solution. What is the concentration of the solution? n 2.00 mol V L M? M n 2.00 mol V L 4.00 M 60.0 grams of NaOH (MM g mol -1 ) is dissolved in enough water to make L of solution. What is the concentration of the solution? n 60 g 1 mol g 1.5 mol V L M? M n 1.5 mol V L 2.0 M A 250. ml sample of a M solution of NaOH contains grams of NaOH. n? V L M M n M V (0.125 M)(0.250 L) mol mol g 1 mol 1.25 g
4 South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Station 7 MORE MOLARITY PROBLEMS Rank these three solutions from most dilute to most concentrated: X Y < Z X: 10. g solute in a 300. ml solution X and Y have the same concentration! Y: 20. g solute in a 600. ml solution Z: 20. g solute in a 300. ml solution You need to prepare 2.00 L of 3.00 M HCl. What volume of stock (12.1 M HCl) do you need? M c 12.0 M V c? M d 3.00 M V d 2.00 L M c V c M d V d V c M dv d M c (3.00 M)(2.00 L) (12.0 M) L Consider a M solution of aluminum sulfate, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3. [Al 3+ ] M [SO 4 2 ] _0.600 M South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Station 8 WEAK ACID EQUILIBRIA HF is a weak acid. Finish the dissociation equation for HF. HF(aq) F + H + (I shouldn t have included the H 2 O --Groves) The K a for HF is 7.0 x Write the equilibrium expression for HF. K a [H+ ][F ] [HF] Use the ICE Box below to calculate the H + concentration in a 1.0 M solution of HF. HF H + + F Initial Change x +x +x Equilibrium 1.0 x x x K a [H+ ][F ] (x)(x) [HF] (1.0 x) x x [H + ] M What is the % dissociation of a 1.0 M HF solution? % dissociation % 2.6% 1.0
5 South Pasadena Honors Chemistry 4 Salts and Solutions Solids dissolve best in hot (hot cool) water. Station 9 LOOSE ENDS Gases dissolve best in cool (hot cool) water. Gases dissolve best when the gas pressure above the solvent is high (high low). O 2 (g) would dissolve in water best: (A) 20C and 2 atm pressure (B) 50 C and 5 atm pressure (C) 20 C and 5 atm pressure (D) 50 C and 2 atm pressure Rate these weak acids from weakest to strongest. HCN < HOCl < HC 2 H 3 O 2 < HNO 2 HNO 2 K a HC 2 H 3 O 2 K a HOCl K a HCN K a
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