NMR studies of styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization
|
|
- Griffin Hopkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal o Chemistry Vol. 43A, November 2004, pp NMR studies o styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymers prepared by atom transer radical polymerization A S Brar* & Puneeta Department o Chemistry, Indian Institute o Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi , India Received 18 June 2004; revised 4 August 2004 Styrene (S) and II-butyl acrylate (B) have been copolymerized by atom transer radical copolymerization (ATRP) catalyzed by CuBr/N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine. The composition o copolymers has been determined with IH NMR spectroscopy. The copolymer composition data has been used to determine the reactivity ratios by Kelen-Tudos (KT) and nonlinear error in variables methods (EVM). Molecular weights o the copolymers have been determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Molecular weights o the copolymers increase with increase in percentage conversion. The polydispersity o the copolymers is quite low ( ). Styrene and It-butyl acrylate centered triads concentrations have been determined rom DC { IH} NMR and reactivity ratios and show good agreement with each other. IPC Code: Int. Cl. 7 C08F 120/42; GOIR 33/20 The determination o microstructure o copolymers is o value In establishing structure-properties relationships. NMR spectroscopy, mostly, l3c NMR 1 2, is an important technique or the investigation o the structures o copolymers, particularly, the monomer sequence determination in the copolymers. Radical polymerization has been a subject o keen interest. The versatility o the radical polymerization lies in the act that a large range o the monomers can be polymerized. Nevertheless, ree-radical polymerization has been limited by the inevitable, ast and irreversible termination o the growing radicals by the coupling and disproportionation reactions, leading to the poor control o the reaction and high polydispersity o the resulting polymer. Thus, much research has been devoted to develop a controlled radical polymerization to synthesize well-deined polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and desired complex architectures 3. One o the most successul methods has been atom transer radical polymerization (A TRP)4.5. This technique is most versatile and has been successully applied to vinyl monomers such as acrylates and styrene(s) to prepare polymers with controlled molecular weights and welldeined structures 6. ATRP is a catalytic process, where a transition metal complex reversibly activates the dormant polymer chains via a halogen atom transer reaction. The control o the polymerization aorded by ATRP is due to a rapid equilibrium between the dormant and active species (Scheme 1). R X + M ~ YI Ligand. k act k deact Scheme 1 Monomer Termination Radicals are generated through a reversible redox reaction catalyzed by a transition metal (Mt -Y) ligand complex, where Y may be ligand or counter ion, which undergoes one electron oxidation with abstraction o a (pseudo) halogen atom (X) rom a dormant species R X. The process occurs with a rate constant o activation (k. ct )7.8 and deactivation (k de ct ). Polymer chains grow by the addition o radicals to monomers similar to conventional radical polymerization with' the rate constant o propagation (k p ). Termination reactions also occur; however, in a well-controlled ATRP not more than a ew percent. A successul ATRP will not only have a small contribution o terminated chains, but also a uniorm growth o all the chains, which is through ast initiation and rapid reversible deactivation. Tllereore, the molecular weight distributions are narrow with the polydispersity index 9 (MwIMn) ranging rom 1.1 to 1.3. The copolymers o styrene and n-butyl acrylate (SIB)JO was prepared by ATRP and their
2 2282 INDIAN J CHEM, SEC A, NOVEMBER 2004 microstructure has been determined by IH and I3C NMR spectroscopy. In this paper, we report the reactivity ratio by KTII and EVM methods. The triad sequence distribution o SIB copolymers were determined rom 13CeH} NMR and rom reactivity ratiosl 4. Materials and Methods n-butyl acrylate (CDH,99%) was washed with aqueous NaOH, dried over used CaCh and distilled under vacuum. Styrene (Merck, 99%) was passed through a column o basic Ah03, and distilled under vacuum. All monomers were stored at O C and purged with nitrogen gas or 30 min beore use. Methyl 2- bromopropionate (Aldrich, 98%) was distilled at reduced pressure. N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, PMDET A (Aldrich, 99%), Copper(l) bromide(cubr, Aldrich, 98%) and copper metal powder (Cu(O),CDH, 99.5%) were used as such. Chloroorm and methanol were puriied by general methods. Ten boiling tubes itted with rubber septum were taken and to each tube CuBr (0.8 mmol) and Cu (0) (1.6 mmol) were added. The solids were evacuated and backilled three times with N 2 A solution o styrene (0.04 mol), n-butyl acrylate (0.04 mol), PMDETA (8 mmol) and methyl 2-bromopropionate (2.4 mmol) were added via syringe to each tube. The reaction mixture was heated at 80 C. Tubes were taken out at dierent intervals o time, to observe the change in molecular weight with conversion, and the reaction was quenched by precipitating in methanol. Precipitated polymers were dissolved in chloroorm and passed through the column o neutral alumina to remove the residual copper catalyst (green colour) present in the copolymer. The polymers were dried under vacuum at 78 C or 10 hrs. Percentage conversion was determined gravimetrically. Styrene (0.016, 0.024, 0.056, mol), n-butyl acrylate (0.064, 0.056, 0.024, mol) respectively were taken ineed, then polymerization was carried out as described above. The molecular weights were determined by GPC using polystyrene as narrow standard and THF as eluent. The eluent low was 0.3 ml per min. A reractive index detector was used or detection. It was ound that the molecular weight increases with increase in conversion. IH and I3C NMR spectra were recorded in CDCh on a Bruker DPX-300 MHz spectrometer operating at a requency o and 75.5 MHz or IH and l3c nuclei, respectively at 25 C. DEPT experiments were carried in CDCh using the standard pulse with a J modulation time o 3.7 s (J CH = 135 Hz) with a 2s delay time. All the NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl 3 at 25 C. Results and Discussion Determination o reactivity ratio The copolymer composition o SIB copolymers was determined rom the IH NMR spectrum. The eed mole raction and copolymer composition data are given in Table 1. The initial estimate o the reactivity ratios was done by the Kelen-Tudos method with the help o copolymer composition data. The values o the terminal reactivity ratios obtained rom relevant plots were: rs= 0.87 ± 0.10, rb= 0.25 ± These values along with the copolymer data were used to calculate the reactivity ratios using the nonlinear error invariable method. The values o reactivity ratios obtained rom this method were rs= 0.87, rb = 0.25 respectively. The values o reactivity ratios obtained rom Kelen-Tudos and nonlinear error in variables methods are in complete agreement with each other. Table l--copolymer composition data o the SIB copolymers (<10% conversion) Sample No Styrene mole raction in eed i,) Styrene mole raction in copolymer (Fs) Table 2---Percentage conversion and molecular weight o the SIB copolymers by GPC measurements S.No. Percentage Molecular Polydispersity conversion weight X 10-4 index (MjMII)
3 o BRAR & PUNEETA: NMR STUDIES OF STYRENFJn-BUTYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS 2283 Molecular weights detennination The molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (OPC). It was ound that the molecular weight increases with increase in conversion. The increase in molecular weight with conversion is shown in Table 2. Polydispersity o the copolymers is very low i.e Figure 1 shows the increase o molecular weight with increase in conversion and also OPC chromatograms show the increase in the molecular weight with conversion (Fig. 2). IH NMR studies The complete assignment o the 'H NMR spectrum o the SIB copolymer in CDCh is shown in Fig. 3. The composition o the copolymer was calculated rom the relative intensities o the phenyl (S,) and -OCH 2 - (S2) proton resonances o styrene and n-butyl acrylate units respectively, according to the ollowing equation: I c ::E DO '4 converslon--> Fig. I--Dependence o molecular weight with conversion or the styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymers by ATRP.. " 1\ i \ iii \! V I,: \ : 0!. :\ i i \ I.. \0 \ 0 :..0 \ o I \ 0 j \~ \ /.I!.~: =-=-~ ~../ ~:-= I t I I Elution Tim! X 10 1 (mi l.) (----) 13,200 Mwl Mn= 1.16 (_._) 21,500Mwl Mn = 1.15 (------) 23,200Mw/Mn=I.13 C--) 53,800 Mwl Mn = 1-18 Fig. 2--GPC chromatograms o the styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymers by ATRP. where, F, is the mole raction o styrene monomer in the copolymer. 13C {IH} NMR studies The complete assignment o the resonance signals in the l3c {'H} NMR spectrum o the SIB copolymer in CDCl 3 is shown in Fig. 4. The carbonyl carbon signals or n-butyl acrylate resonate around ppm and the quaternary carbon signals o styrene resonate around ppm and their expanded spectra are shown in Figs 5 and 6. On the basis o variation in the composition o the copolymers, and on comparison with the spectra o Table 3--Triad ractions calculated rom the NMR spectra and reactivity ratios o SIB copolymers «10% conversion) Sample No. 1 Copolymer composition Fs Triads a b om a--triad ractions obtained rom 13C{ IH} NMR spectra o the quarternary and the carbonyl carbon resonance signals o the S- and B- centered monomeric units. b--triad ractions calculated using rs= 0.87, rb
4 2284 INDIAN J CHEM, SEC A, NOVEMBER 2004 CHt($+I) + 'CHt t'01, CH, i i I i i i I I I I I I I I I I I I I s.o ppm.. ( I I I I I I I Fig. 3-- I H NMR spectrum o the styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymer (F, = 0.29) in CDCI 3 at 25 C. -Ctt-ln- CH,- ~H- 2' ~- 0,. Is 0 4 I,~2 7?: CH, C=0(8) r7'\ u I i ". r., I o Fig C (IH) NMR spectrum o the styreneln-butyl acrylate (F, = 0.46) in CDCh at 25 C.
5 BRAR & PUNEETA: NMR STUDIES OF STYRENEIn-BUTYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS 2285 ISS ~ ~_~(a) ~s (~ Iii I I i I i I I i i I I I I I I I I I i : I Iii iii i Fig. 5-Expanded Quaternary carbon o the S unit in the l3c {lh} NMR spectra o the styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymer in CDCI 3 at 25 C: a) polystyrene, b) Fs = 0.91, c) F. = 0.79, d) F. = 0.60, e) F, = 0.46, and )F. = t I i lu... iii I I i i I I i I I iii l7i.g iii 174.G iii In:.o i I I I I i I Fig. 6--Expanded carbonyl carbon o the B unit in the l3c {lh} NMR spectra o the styreneln-butyl acrylate copolymer in CDCh at 25 C: a) poly(n-butyl acrylate), b) Fb= 0.71, c) Fb = 0.54, d) Fb= 0.40, e) Fb= 0.21, and ) Fb = 0.09.
6 2286 INDIAN J CHEM, SEC A, NOVEMBER 2004 'C-'C(S) ~ '-Y -OCH,-(S),'-Y CH,(B) 'I--. 'CHr,(S) ppm I ' too 1 50 o Fig. 7-DEPT-135 NMR spectrum o the styrene/n-butyl acrylate copolymer (F. = 0.46) in CDCI 3 at 25 C. respective homopolymers, the various triad sequences in the carbonyl and the quaternary carbon resonance signals were assigned. The resonance signals o quaternary carbon around are assigned to triad, assigned to triad and around are assigned to triad. The resonance signals o carbonyl carbon around ppm are assigned to triad, around ppm assigned to SBB triad and around ppm is assigned to triad. The quantitative calculations o these Sand B centered triads were done rom the areas o the respective resonance signals in \3C CH} NMR o copolymer and rom the reactivity ratios and showed good agreement with each other (Table 3). The spectral region around ppm is quite complex, which can be assigned to aliphatic carbon resonances in the main backbone as well as the side chain o SIB copolymer. Figure 7 shows the DEPT -135 NMR spectrum o the SIB copolymer in CDCI 3 The -OCH 2 - region o the B unit resonate around 863 ppm. The methylene and methine carbon resonances o both Sand B unit o backbone overlap between ppm and they appear as multiplet showing their sensitivity towards compositional sequences. To conclude, the reactivity ratios o monomers have been ound to be rs= 0.87 ± 0.10, rb= 0.25 ± 0.01, rs= 0.87, rb= 0.25 by KT and EVM respectively. The carbonyl and the quarternary carbon resonances o B and S unit respectively were assigned to triad compositional sequences and were used to determine triad concentration. Acknowledgement One o the authors, Puneeta, wishes to thank the CSIR, India or providing the inancial support. Reerences 1 Barron P F, Hill D J T, O'Donell J H & O'Sullivan P W, Macromolecules, 16 (1984) Randall J C, Polymer Sequence Distribution: Carbon J3C NMR Method, (Academic Press, New York), Matyjaszewski K, Ed. Controlled Radical Polymerization, (ACS Symposium Series 685, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC), Wang J S & Matyjaszewski K, JAm Chem Soc, 117 (1995) Kato M, Kamigaito M & Sawamoto M, Macromolecules, 28 (1995) 172l. 6 Karanam S, Goosses H & Klumperman B, Macromolecules, 36(2003) Nanda A K & Matyjaszewski K, Macromolecules, 36 (2003) Nanda A K & Matyjaszewski K, Macromolecules, 36 (2003) Patten T, Xia J, Abernathy T & Matyjaszewski K, Science, 272 (1996) Arehart S V & Matyjaszewski K, Macromolecules, 32 (1999) Kelen T & Tudos F, J Macromolecule Sci Chem, A9 (1975) Harris S H & Gilbert R D, J Polym Sci, Polym Chem Edn, 20 (1982) Schneider H A & Neto H N, Polym Bull, 9 (1983) Harwood H J, J Polym Sci C, 25 (1968) 37.
Complete spectral assignments of methacrylonitrile-styrenemethyl methacrylate terpolymers by 2D NMR spectroscopy
Complete spectral assignments of methacrylonitrile-styrenemethyl methacrylate terpolymers by 2D NMR spectroscopy A.S. Brar*, D.R. Pradhan Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi,
More informationSpin Capturing with Nitrones: Radical Coupling Reactions with Concurrent Introduction of Midchain Functionality
Supplementary Information: Spin Capturing with Nitrones: Radical Coupling Reactions with Concurrent Introduction of Midchain Functionality Edgar H. H. Wong, a,b Cyrille Boyer, b Martina H. Stenzel, b Christopher
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Synthesis of Poly(dihydroxystyrene-block-styrene) (PDHSt-b-PSt) by the RAFT
More informationSynthesis of C 60 End-Capped Polymers from Azide Functional Polystyrene via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Synthesis of C 60 End-Capped Polymers from Azide Functional Polystyrene via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization LANG LI, CHANGCHUN WANG, ZHAOHUI LONG, SHOUKUAN FU Department of Macromolecular Science
More informationOptimization of Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization of Allyl Butyl Ether with Acrylonitrile
Polymer Journal, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 558 567 (2007) #2007 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan Optimization of Atom Transfer Radical Copolymerization of Allyl Butyl Ether with Acrylonitrile A. S. BRAR
More informationMolecular Weight Distribution of Living Chains in Polystyrene Pre-pared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Molecular Weight Distribution of Living Chains in Polystyrene Pre-pared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Joongsuk Oh, a Jiae Kuk, a Taeheon Lee, b Jihwa Ye, b Huyn-jong Paik, b* Hyo Won Lee, c*
More informationA novel smart polymer responsive to CO 2
A novel smart polymer responsive to CO 2 Zanru Guo, a,b Yujun Feng,* a Yu Wang, a Jiyu Wang, a,b Yufeng Wu, a,b and Yongmin Zhang a,b a Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
More informationAn acid-labile block copolymer of PDMAEMA and PEG as potential carrier for. intelligent gene delivery systems
Supporting Information An acid-labile block copolymer of PDMAEMA and PEG as potential carrier for intelligent gene delivery systems Song Lin, Fusheng Du,* Yang Wang, Dehai Liang, and Zichen Li* Beijing
More informationSupplementary Information. Rational Design of Soluble and Clickable Polymers Prepared by. Conventional Free Radical Polymerization of
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Supplementary Information Rational Design of Soluble and Clickable Polymers Prepared by
More informationVolume 31, Number 23 November 17, Copper Triflate as a Catalyst in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Acrylate
Volume 31, Number 23 November 17, 1998 Copyright 1998 by the American Chemical Society Copper Triflate as a Catalyst in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Acrylate Brian E. Woodworth,
More informationSupplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 2008
Supplementary Information for: Scrambling Reaction between Polymers Prepared by Step-growth and Chain-growth Polymerizations: Macromolecular Cross-metathesis between 1,4-Polybutadiene and Olefin-containing
More informationEfficient Magnesium Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO 2 ; Using Water to Synthesize Polycarbonate Polyols
Supporting Information for Efficient Magnesium Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO 2 ; Using Water to Synthesize Polycarbonate Polyols Michael R. Kember, Charlotte K. Williams* Department
More informationSynthesis of Random Copolymers Poly (methylmethacrylate-co-azo monomer) by ATRP-AGET
Macromol. Symp. 2009, 283 284, 51 55 DI: 10.1002/masy.200950908 51 Synthesis of Random Copolymers Poly (methylmethacrylate-co-azo monomer) by ATRP-AGET M.A. ájera, L.E. Elizalde,* Y. Vázquez, G. de los
More informationXiangxiong Chen, Mohd Yusuf Khan and Seok Kyun Noh* School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan,
Electronic Supplementary Information For M Amount of Fe (III)-mediated ATR of MMA with hosphorus Containing Ligands in the Absence of Any Additives Xiangxiong Chen, Mohd Yusuf Khan and Seok Kyun Noh* School
More informationSynthesis of methacrylate macromonomers using silica gel supported atom transfer radical polymerization
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2000, 201, 1387 1394 1387 Full Paper: A silica gel supported CuBr-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA) (SG-CuBr/HMTETA) catalyst system was developed for the synthesis of poly-
More informationAccessory Publication
10.1071/CH10127_AC CSIRO 2010 Australian Journal of Chemistry 2010, 63(8), 1210 1218 Accessory Publication Synthesis of Core Shell Nanoparticles with Polystyrene Core and PEO Corona from Core-Crosslinked
More informationOne-pot polymer brush synthesis via simultaneous isocyanate coupling chemistry and grafting from RAFT polymerization
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 One-pot polymer brush synthesis via simultaneous isocyanate coupling chemistry and grafting
More informationEffect of Molecular Structure of Side Chain Polymers on "Click" Synthesis of Thermosensitive Molecular Brushes
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange University of Tennessee Honors Thesis Projects University of Tennessee Honors Program 5-2017 Effect of Molecular Structure
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Polymerization-induced Self-Assembly of Homopolymer and Diblock copolymer: A Facile Approach for preparing Polymer Nano-objects with Higher Order Morphologies Jianbo Tan *a,b, Chundong
More informationAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and methyl methacrylate with a,a-dichlorotoluene as initiator; a kinetic study
980 Macromol. Chem. Phys. 201, 980 984 (2000) Full Paper: The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and methyl methacrylate with a,adichlorotoluene (DCT) as initiator results in the respective
More informationMS received 1 December 2012; revised 22 February 2013; accepted 15 April 2013
J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 12, No. 4, July 2013, pp. 791 797. c Indian Academy of Sciences. Synthesis and characterization of poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization, reverse
More informationSupporting Information for: ATRP, azide substitution and click chemistry: three reactions using one catalyst in one pot
Supporting Information for: ATRP, azide substitution and click chemistry: three reactions using one catalyst in one pot Albert J. de Graaf, Enrico Mastrobattista, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Dirk T.S. Rijkers,
More informationRed Color CPL Emission of Chiral 1,2-DACH-based Polymers via. Chiral Transfer of the Conjugated Chain Backbone Structure
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Red Color CPL Emission of Chiral 1,2-DACH-based Polymers via Chiral Transfer of the Conjugated
More informationCopper-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) of Acrylates in Protic Solution.
Copper-Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP) of Acrylates in Protic Solution. Laura. Pilon *, Steven P. Armes *, Paul Findlay, Steven Rannard. * School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental
More informationAtom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Hexadecyl Acrylate Using CuSCN as the Catalyst
Macromolecular Research, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp 32-37 (2004) Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Hexadecyl Acrylate Using CuSCN as the Catalyst Wenjian Xu, Xiulin Zhu*, Zhenping Cheng, Jianying Chen, and
More informationSupporting Information for
Supporting Information for AmPhos Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization: Narrower Dispersity by Mixing the Catalyst and Base Prior to Polymerization Kentaro Kosaka,
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.2633 Mechanically controlled radical polymerization initiated by ultrasound Hemakesh Mohapatra, Maya Kleiman, Aaron P. Esser-Kahn Contents 1. Materials and methods 2 2. Procedure for
More informationSupporting Information for
Supporting Information for Solution Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers Containing a Branched Hydrophilic Block into Inverse Bicontinuous Cubic Mesophases Tae Hyun An, Yunju La, Arah Cho, Moon Gon Jeong,
More informationAziridine in Polymers: A Strategy to Functionalize Polymers by Ring- Opening Reaction of Aziridine
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI) Aziridine in Polymers: A Strategy to Functionalize
More informationChemically recyclable alternating copolymers with low polydispersity from
Electronic Supplementary Information Chemically recyclable alternating copolymers with low polydispersity from conjugated/aromatic aldehydes with vinyl ethers: selective degradation to another monomer
More informationAtom Transfer Radical Polymerization of tert-butyl Acrylate and Preparation of Block Copolymers
Macromolecules 2000, 33, 4039-4047 4039 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of tert-butyl Acrylate and Preparation of Block Copolymers Kelly A. Davis and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski* Center for Macromolecular
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Nanoparticle-to-vesicle and nanoparticle-to-toroid transitions of ph-sensitive
More informationSupporting Information. Complex Formation Between Lysozyme and Stabilized Micelles with a Mixed Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(acrylic acid) Shell
Supporting Information Complex Formation Between Lysozyme and Stabilized Micelles with a Mixed Poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(acrylic acid) Shell Maria Karayianni 1,2, Valeria Gancheva 2, Stergios Pispas 1
More informationControlled polymerization of methylmethacrylate and ethylacrylate using tris
Controlled polymerization of methylmethacrylate and ethylacrylate using tris(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) copper(ii) hexafluorophosphate complexes and aluminium isopropoxide Ulrich S. Schubert ( ), Georg
More informationPhoto-Cleavage of Cobalt-Carbon Bond: Visible. Light-Induced Living Radical Polymerization Mediated by. Organo-Cobalt Porphyrins
Photo-Cleavage of Cobalt-Carbon Bond: Visible Light-Induced Living Radical Polymerization Mediated by Organo-Cobalt Porphyrins Yaguang Zhao, Mengmeng Yu, and Xuefeng Fu* Beijing National Laboratory for
More informationStefani Vircheva, Rayna Bryaskova, Stoyan Miloshev, Nikolay Dishovsky
Stefani Journal Vircheva, of Chemical Rayna Technology Bryaskova, and Stoyan Metallurgy, Miloshev, 50, Nikolay 2, 2015, Dishovsky 135-140 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS BASED ON POLY
More informationSynthesis and characterization of amino-functionalized Poly(propylene carbonate)
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supplementary Information Synthesis and characterization of amino-functionalized Poly(propylene
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Temperature and ph-dual Responsive AIE-Active Core Crosslinked Polyethylene Poly(methacrylic acid) Multimiktoarm Star Copolymers ` Zhen Zhang,*,, and Nikos Hadjichristidis*, School
More informationOptimization of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Cu(I)/ Tris(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as a Catalyst
Macromolecules 2000, 33, 8629-8639 8629 Optimization of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Cu(I)/ Tris(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as a Catalyst Jerome Queffelec, Scott G. Gaynor, and Krzysztof
More informationA supramolecular approach for fabrication of photo- responsive block-controllable supramolecular polymers
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information A supramolecular approach for fabrication of photo- responsive
More informationELECTRONIC SUPPORTING INFORMATION Pentablock star shaped polymers in less than 90 minutes via
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 ELECTRONIC SUPPORTING INFORMATION Pentablock star shaped polymers in less than 90 minutes
More informationPolymer Bulletin Springer-Verlag 1998
Polymer Bulletin 41, 639 644 (1998) Polymer Bulletin Springer-Verlag 1998 Synthesis of poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) triblock copolymer by ATRP Katja Jankova 1, Jorgen Kops 1, Xianyi Chen 1, Bo
More informationAcid-Base Bifunctional Shell Cross-Linked Micelle Nanoreactor for One-pot Tandem Reaction
Supporting Information Acid-Base Bifunctional Shell Cross-Linked Micelle Nanoreactor for One-pot Tandem Reaction Li-Chen Lee, a# Jie Lu, b# Marcus Weck, b * Christopher W. Jones a * a School of Chemical
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information A Rational Design of Highly Controlled Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation for Precision Synthesis of Polythiophenes and their Block Copolymers: Marriage of Palladacycle
More informationTuning Porosity and Activity of Microporous Polymer Network Organocatalysts by Co-Polymerisation
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Tuning Porosity and Activity of Microporous Polymer Network Organocatalysts
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information UCST or LCST? Composition-Dependent Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly(N-Acryloylglycinamide-co-Diacetone Acrylamide) Wenhui Sun, Zesheng An*, Peiyi Wu * Experimental Materials Glycinamide
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/332/6025/81/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Electrochemically Mediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Andrew J. D. Magenau, Nicholas C. Strandwitz, Armando
More informationRAFT and Click Chemistry : A Versatile Approach to the Block Copolymer Synthesis
RAFT and Click Chemistry : A Versatile Approach to the Block Copolymer ynthesis Damien Quémener, Thomas P. Davis, Christopher Barner-Kowollik* and Martina H. tenzel* Centre for Advanced Macromolecular
More informationTerpolymerization of 2-ethoxy ethylmethacrylate, styrene and maleic anhydride: determination of the reactivity ratios
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 27, No. 3, June 2004, pp. 243 249. Indian Academy of Sciences. Terpolymerization of 2-ethoxy ethylmethacrylate, styrene and maleic anhydride: determination of the reactivity ratios
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Efficient Temperature Sensing Platform Based on Fluorescent Block Copolymer Functionalized Graphene Oxide Hyunseung Yang, Kwanyeol Paek, and Bumjoon J. Kim * : These authors contributed
More informationTunable thermo-responsive water-dispersed multi walled. carbon nanotubes
Tunable thermo-responsive water-dispersed multi walled carbon nanotubes Gaojian Chen, Peter M. Wright, Jin Geng, Giuseppe Mantovani, and David M. Haddleton* Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick,
More informationOptimizing Ion Transport in Polyether-based Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Supporting Information Optimizing Ion Transport in Polyether-based Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries Qi Zheng, 1 Danielle M. Pesko, 1 Brett M. Savoie, Ksenia Timachova, Alexandra L. Hasan, Mackensie C.
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Cis-Selective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization with Ruthenium Catalysts Benjamin K. Keitz, Alexey Fedorov, Robert H. Grubbs* Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical
More informationPolymerisation of Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation
Polymerisation of Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation Peter D. Iddon, Kay L. Robinson and Steven P. Armes ACS Philadelphia Meeting August 2004 Email: P.Iddon@shef.ac.uk Introduction
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Well-defined PAA- PEG Multi-responsive Hydrogels by ATRP and Click Chemistry
Electronic Supplementary Material (ES) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Support information Synthesis and Characterization of Well-defined PAA- PEG Multi-responsive
More informationSilver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylfluorination of styrenes in aqueous media
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylfluorination of styrenes in aqueous
More informationHow does A Tiny Terminal Alkynyl End Group Drive Fully Hydrophilic. Homopolymers to Self-Assemble into Multicompartment Vesicles and
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 04 Electronic Supplementary Information for How does A Tiny Terminal Alkynyl End Group Drive
More informationUtilization of star-shaped polymer architecture in the creation of high-density polymer
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Biomaterials Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplementary Information Utilization of star-shaped polymer architecture in the creation
More informationRAPID COMMUNICATION. Synthesis of Disyndiotactic Polylactide INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL
RAPID COMMUNICATION Synthesis of Disyndiotactic Polylactide M. BERO, P. DOBRZYŃSKI, J. KASPERCZYK Centre of Polymer Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland, ul. M. Curie Sklodowskiej
More informationCombined metallocene catalysts: an efficient technique to manipulate long-chain branching frequency of polyethylene
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 20, 541 545 (1999) 541 Combined metallocene catalysts: an efficient technique to manipulate long-chain branching frequency of polyethylene Daryoosh Beigzadeh, João B. P. Soares*,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Precision Synthesis of Poly(-hexylpyrrole) and its Diblock Copolymer with Poly(p-phenylene) via Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation Akihiro Yokoyama, Akira Kato, Ryo Miyakoshi, and
More informationOrganized polymeric submicron particles via selfassembly. and crosslinking of double hydrophilic. poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) in
Supporting Information Organized polymeric submicron particles via selfassembly and crosslinking of double hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) in aqueous solution Jochen Willersinn,
More informationARGET ATRP of copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile with environmentally friendly catalyst and ligand
e-polymers 2011, no. 054 http://www.e-polymers.org ISSN 1618-7229 ARGET ATRP of copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile with environmentally friendly catalyst and ligand Guoxiang Wang, 1* Mang Lu
More informationOne polymer for all: Benzotriazole Containing Donor-Acceptor Type Polymer as a Multi-Purpose Material
One polymer for all: Benzotriazole Containing Donor-Acceptor Type Polymer as a Multi-Purpose Material Abidin Balan a, Derya Baran a, Gorkem Gunbas a,b, Asuman Durmus a,b, Funda Ozyurt a and Levent Toppare
More informationSupporting Information. Synthesis of Sulfur-Rich Polymers: Copolymerization of Episulfide with Carbon Disulfide
upporting Information ynthesis of ulfur-rich Polymers: Copolymerization of Episulfide with Carbon Disulfide by Using [PPN]/(salph)(III) ystem Koji Nakano, Go Tatsumi and Kyoko Nozaki* Department of Chemistry
More informationDirect Synthesis of Ethylene-Acrylic Acid Copolymers by Insertion Polymerization
Supporting information Direct Synthesis of Ethylene-Acrylic Acid Copolymers by Insertion Polymerization Thomas Rünzi, Dominik Fröhlich and Stefan Mecking* Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department
More informationWell-defined Click-able Copolymers in One-Pot Synthesis
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for hemomm. This journal is The Royal Society of hemistry 2014 Well-defined lick-able opolymers in ne-pot Synthesis egar Ghasdian, Mark A. Ward and Theoni K. Georgiou*
More informationSupporting information. for. hydrophobic pockets for acylation reactions in water
Supporting information for Functionalized organocatalytic nanoreactors: hydrophobic pockets for acylation reactions in water Pepa Cotanda, Annhelen Lu, Joseph P. Patterson, Nikos Petzetakis, Rachel K.
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information. for. Self-Assembly of Dendritic-Linear Block Copolymers With Fixed Molecular Weight and Block Ratio.
Electronic Supplementary Information for Self-ssembly of Dendritic-Linear lock Copolymers With Fixed Molecular Weight and lock Ratio Moon Gon Jeong, a Jan C. M. van Hest, b Kyoung Taek Kim a, * a School
More informationBulk ring-opening transesterification polymerization of the renewable δ-decalactone using
Bulk ring-opening transesterification polymerization of the renewable δ-decalactone using an organocatalyst Mark T. Martello, Adam Burns, and Marc Hillmyer* *Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota,
More informationAmbient Temperature Synthesis of a Versatile Macromolecular Building Block: Cyclopentadienyl-Capped Polymers
Ambient Temperature Synthesis of a Versatile Macromolecular Building Block: CyclopentadienylCapped Polymers Andrew J. Inglis, Thomas Paulöhrl and Christopher BarnerKowollik Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
More informationSYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS CONTAINING DIARYLBIBENZOFURANONE BY ADMET POLYMERIZATION
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS CONTAINING DIARYLBIBENZOFURANONE BY ADMET POLYMERIZATION T. Ohishi, 1 K. Imato, 2 T. Kanehara, 2 A. Takahara, 1,2 and H. Otsuka 1,2 1 Institute for Materials
More informationPolymerization of trans-2-butene with (-Diimine)Ni(II) Complex in Combination with Et 2 AlCl
Polymer Journal, Vol. 38, No. 11, pp. 116 1164 (26) #26 The Society of Polymer Science, Japan Polymerization of trans-2-butene with (-Diimine)Ni(II) Complex in Combination with Et 2 AlCl Kiyoshi ENDO y
More informationNovel Supercapacitor Materials Including OLED emitters
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for New Journal of Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2015 Supporting Information Novel
More informationBlock copolymers containing organic semiconductor segments by RAFT polymerization
Block copolymers containing organic semiconductor segments by RAFT polymerization Ming Chen, Matthias Häussler, Graeme Moad, Ezio Rizzardo Supplementary Material Radical polymerizations in the presence
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Branched polyethylene mimicry by metathesis copolymerization of fatty acid-based α,ω-dienes. Thomas Lebarbé, a,b,d Mehdi Neqal, a,b Etienne Grau, a,b Carine Alfos, c and Henri Cramail
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Activation of Ene-Diamido Samarium Methoxide with Hydrosilane for Selectively Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Alkenes and Polymerization of Styrene: an Experimental and Theoretical
More informationOne-Shot Synthesis and Melt Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Copolymers with a Gradient Compositional Profile
One-Shot Synthesis and Melt Self-Assembly of Bottlebrush Copolymers with a Gradient Compositional Profile Liuyin Jiang, Dmytro Nykypanchuk, Alexander Ribbe and Javid Rzayev* Department of Chemistry, University
More informationRegioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) conducting block copolymers
Polymer 46 (2005) 8582 8586 www.elsevier.com/locate/polymer Regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) conducting block copolymers Mihaela C. Iovu, Malika Jeffries-EL, Elena E. Sheina, Jessica R. Cooper, Richard
More informationLigand-free coupling of phenols and alcohols with aryl halides by a recyclable heterogeneous copper catalyst
Supporting Information Ligand-free coupling of phenols and alcohols with aryl halides by a recyclable heterogeneous copper catalyst Man Wang, Bizhen Yuan, Tongmei Ma, Huanfeng Jiang and Yingwei Li* School
More informationSupplementary Material
10.1071/CH17506_AC CSIRO 2018 Australian Journal of Chemistry 2018, 71(5), 341-347 Supplementary Material Magnesium alkoxide complexes of (benzimidazolylmethyl)amino ligands: Synthesis and applications
More informationSupporting information to: Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin,
Supporting information to: Polymerization of ternary inclusion complexes of interacting monomer pairs with γ-cyclodextrin Niels ten Brummelhuis* and Maria T. Heilmann Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Wiley-VCH 2008 69451 Weinheim, Germany Iridium-Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Primary Amine-Borane Adducts: A Route to High Molecular Weight Polyaminoboranes, Boron-Nitrogen Analogues
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Ionic Dithioester-Based RAFT Agents Derived From N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Daniel J. Coady, Brent C. Norris, Vincent M. Lynch and Christopher W. Bielawski* Department of Chemistry
More informationAll-conjugated, all-crystalline donor-acceptor block. copolymers P3HT-b-PNDIT2 via direct arylation
upporting information for All-conjugated, all-crystalline donor-acceptor block copolymers P3HT-b-PNDIT2 via direct arylation polycondensation Fritz Nübling,, Hartmut Komber, Michael ommer,, Makromolekulare
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Silsesquioxane-Based Polymer Hybrids with Controlled Structure
Vol. Materials 5, No. Research, 3, 2002Vol. 5, No. Synthesis 3, 247-252, and 2002. Characterization of Silsesquioxane-Based Polymer Hybrids with Controlled Structure 2002 247 Synthesis and Characterization
More informationSupporting Information. Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization of methacrylates at moderate temperature
Supporting Information Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization of methacrylates at moderate temperature Christophe Detrembleur, Christine Jérôme, Julien De Winter, Pascal Gerbaux, Jean-Louis Clément, Yohann
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Facile polyisobutylene functionalization via thiol-ene Click chemistry Andrew J. D. Magenau, Justin W. Chan, Charles E. Hoyle, and Robson F. Storey School of Polymers and High Performance
More informationNOTE KAZUO YOSHINO, AKIHIRO YOKOYAMA, TSUTOMU YOKOZAWA
NOTE Well-Defined Star-Shaped Poly(p-benzamide) via Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization: Use of Tetra-Functional Porphyrin Initiator to Optimize Star Polymer Formation KAZUO YOSHINO, AKIHIRO YOKOYAMA,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Structural Engineering of Biodegradable PCL Block Copolymer Nano-assemblies for Enzyme-Controlled Drug Delivery in Cancer Cells Bapurao Surnar and Manickam Jayakannan* 1 Department
More informationTemperature, ph, and Glucose Responsive Gels via Simple Mixing of Boroxole- and Glyco-Based Polymers
Supporting Information Temperature, ph, and Glucose Responsive Gels via Simple Mixing of Boroxole- and Glyco-Based Polymers Yohei Kotsuchibashi a, Roman Vincent C. Agustin a, Jin-Yong Lu b, Dennis G. Hall
More informationTemperature Dependence of Stereospecificity in the Radical Polymerization of Di-n-butyl Itaconate in Bulk
RAPID COMMUNICATION Temperature Dependence of Stereospecificity in the Radical Polymerization of Di-n-butyl Itaconate in Bulk TOMOHIRO HIRANO, SACHIKO TATEIWA, MAKIKO SENO, TSUNEYUKI SATO Department of
More informationZwitterionic Polymerization: A Kinetic Strategy for the Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic Polylactide
SUPPORTING INFORATION Zwitterionic Polymerization: A Kinetic Strategy for the Controlled Synthesis of Cyclic Polylactide Wonhee Jeong, Eun Ji Shin, Darcy A. Culin,, James L. Hedric, and Robert. Waymouth,*
More informationPreparation of 1:1 alternating, nucleobase-containing copolymers for use in sequence-controlled polymerization
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information for Preparation of 1:1 alternating, nucleobase-containing copolymers
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Nano CuFe 2 O 4 as a Magnetically Separable and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Diaryl / Aryl Alkyl Sulfides via Cross-Coupling Process under Ligand Free Conditions Kokkirala
More informationHigh Frequency sonoatrp of 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate in an Aqueous Medium
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 High Frequency sonoatrp of 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate in an Aqueous Medium Joe Collins, Thomas
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polystyrene Using ATRP with Strong Base Technique
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-issn: 2278-5736. Volume 7, Issue 4 Ver. II. (Apr. 2014), PP 32-38 Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Polystyrene Using ATRP with Strong Base
More informationFree radical and RAFT polymerization of vinyl
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Polymer Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Electronic Supplementary Information Free radical and RAFT polymerization of vinyl esters
More informationMild and efficient bromination of Poly(hydroxyethyl)acrylate and its use towards Ionic-Liquid containing polymers
Supporting Information for Mild and efficient bromination of Poly(hydroxyethyl)acrylate and its use towards Ionic-Liquid containing polymers Vinu Krishnan Appukuttan, Anais Dupont, Sandrine Denis-Quanquin,
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-b- Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene Triblock Copolymers by Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization
Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-b- Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene Triblock Copolymers by Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization SHIYUAH CHENG, 1 ZUSHUN XU, 1 JIANJUN YUAN, 1 PEIJUN JI,
More information