C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES & BONDING
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1 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURES & BONDING Draw the symbol for sodium include its mass number and atomic number (what do they tell us) Complete the table Relative Charge Relative Mass Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding: Ionic Proton Neutron Electron Covalent Fill in the table to show the number of electrons that can fit into the shell Shell Max. Electrons Draw and write the electronic configuration for: i) Sodium Metallic What happens to the shells as you: i) Go across a period ii) Argon ii) Go down a group Electron Proton Neutron Shell Electronic Configuration Covalent/Ionic/Metallic
2 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURES & PROPERTIES IONIC COMPOUNDS What type of force holds the ions together? SIMPLE COVALENT MOLECULES How strong are the forces between covalent molecules? [intermolecular forces] GIANT METALLIC SUBSTANCES Why can metals be bent and shaped? Draw a giant ionic lattice: How does this affect their melting and boiling point What are delocalised electrons? How strong are the forces between atoms in a covalent bond? [intramolecular bonds] Why do metals conduct electricity? Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points? GIANT COVALENT SUBSTANCES Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water? Name 3 of these substances: Why is graphite slippery and conduct electricity Intermolecular Intramolecular Diamond Graphite Delocalised
3 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 3 HOW MUCH? Write how many there are in: 23 Na 11 Electrons: Protons: Neutrons: What is A r? What is M r? What is the M r of C 2 H 5 OH? What is the symbol for a reversible reaction? Explain what happens after we add just reactants to a reversible reaction? [HIGHER TIER] What is an isotope? What is a mole? What is the Haber process? Balance the equation and say how many moles of each substance there are: H 2 + O 2 H 2 O What are the raw materials? What is percentage yield and what is the equation to calculate it? What is the reaction equation? What conditions are required? What is atom economy and what is the equation to calculate it? Reversible Haber Process Relative Atomic Mass Relative Formula Mass Isotope Moles
4 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 4 RATES OF REACTION What do we mean by rate of reaction? Explain the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction Explain the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction [think about: kinetic energy & number of collisions] What 4 factors affect the rate of a reaction? What must happen for a reaction to occur? Draw diagrams to represent it? Draw diagrams to represent it: What is the smallest amount of energy that must be overcome for a reaction to occur? Low conc n High conc n How does surface area affect rate of reaction? What do catalysts do? Low temp High temp What happens to them during a reaction? Collision Theory Catalyst Activation Energy Rate of Reaction Concentration Temperature
5 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 5 ENERGY & REACTIONS What are exothermic reactions? What can you say about energy in a reversible reaction? [Think: exo and endothermic] If a reaction is exothermic how can we increase yield? Give an example and explain why it is exothermic? Describe the anhydrous copper sulphate reversible reaction Why do we settle for a higher than expected temperature in the Haber process? What are endothermic reactions? If a reaction produces a smaller volume of gases how can we increase yield? Give an example and explain why it is endothermic What can anhydrous copper sulphate be used to test for? Why do we have to compromise with a lower than expected pressure in the Haber process Collision Theory Catalyst Activation Energy Rate of Reaction Concentration Temperature
6 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 6 ELECTROLYSIS What is electrolysis? What does OILRIG stand for? How is the electrolysis of copper different? [Draw a diagram to help] What do we call the substance that is broken down during electrolysis Describe the movement of ions and electrons at each electrode when potassium iodide is electrolysed What is the positive electrode called? What is the negative electrode called? Label a diagram showing the electrolysis of copper bromide What happens when we carry out electrolysis in water? What 3 products are made when we electrolyse brine? Give a use for each? What ions are formed? Electrolysis Cathode Anode Oxidation Reduction
7 C2 REVISION CHAPTER 7 ACIDS, ALKALIS & SALTS What is a base? What is an alkali What ions make something acidic? What is produced when an acid and a metal react? Acid + Metal Give a specific example: What is produced when an acid and an alkali react? Acid + Alkali What type of reaction is this called? How can this reaction be simplified using just the ions involved? What is another name for an acid? P D What ions make something alkali? What is produced when an acid and a base react? Acid + Base What is a precipitation reaction? What is the ph scale? Give a specific example: How can we make ammonium hydroxide? Describe 2 uses for acids and alkalis in the real world What happens when we add nitric acid to it? Acid Base Alkali ph scale Indicator Precipitate
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