The Characteristics of a Soln
|
|
- Sherilyn Leonard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Goal 1 The Characteristics of a Soln Define the term solution, and, given a description of a substance, determine if it is a solution.
2 The Characteristics of a Soln Solution (as used in chemistry) A homogenous mixture. A sample of matter containing two or more substances that has a uniform appearance and uniform properties throughout.
3 The Characteristics of a Soln Solid solution examples: Steel, brass, bronze Liquid solution examples: Alcohol in water, sugar water, coffee Gaseous solution examples: An air sample, any mixture of gases
4 Solution Terminology Goal 2 Distinguish among terms in the following groups: solute and solvent; concentrated and dilute; solubility, saturated, and supersaturated; miscible and immiscible.
5 Solution Terminology Solute The substance present in a relatively small amount in a solution; the solid or gas when a substance in that state is dissolved in a liquid to make a solution. Solvent The substance present in a relatively large amount in a solution; the liquid when a solid or gas is dissolved to make a solution.
6 Solution Terminology Concentrated Solution Has a relatively large quantity of a specific solute per unit amount of solution. Dilute Solution Has a relatively small amount of a specific solute per unit amount of solution.
7 Solution Terminology
8 Solution Terminology Solubility A measure of how much solute will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. Saturated A solution whose concentration is at the solubility limit for a given temperature. Unsaturated A solution whose concentration is less than the solubility limit for a given temperature.
9 Solution Terminology Supersaturated A solution whose concentration is greater than the normal solubility limit. Generally means that the solution is not stable, and that the solute will ppt out with any slight initiation.
10 Solution Terminology
11 Solution Terminology Miscible Soluble (usually used only in reference to solutions of liquids in liquids). Immiscible Insoluble (usually used only in reference to solutions of liquids in liquids).
12 Solution Terminology
13 The Formation of a Solution Goal 3 Describe the formation of a saturated solution from the time excess solid solute is first placed into a liquid solvent. Goal 4 Identify and explain the factors that determine the time required to dissolve a given amount of solute or to reach equilibrium.
14 The Formation of a Solution The water molecule is polar. A polar molecule is one with an asymmetrical distribution of charge, resulting in positive and negative poles.
15 The Formation of a Solution Dissolving an Ionic Solute in Water When a soluble ionic compound is placed in water: The negative ions at the surface of the solute are pulled from the crystal because of their attraction to the positive region of the water molecules.
16 The Formation of a Solution
17 Solution Terminology
18 An Ionic Compound, CuCl 2, in Water
19 The Formation of a Solution Development of Equilibrium in Forming a Saturated Solution Dissolving rate: If temperature is held constant, the rate of dissolving per unit of solute surface is constant. Crystallization rate: The rate per unit of surface area increases as the solution concentration at the surface increases. Dynamic equilibrium: Dissolving rate is equal to crystallization rate.
20 The Formation of a Solution
21 The Formation of a Solution The time required to dissolve a given amount of solute or to reach equilibrium, if excess solute is present depends on several factors: 1. Surface area. A finely divided solid has more surface area per unit of mass and therefore dissolves more rapidly. 2. Stirring or agitating the solution. This prevents concentration build-up at the solute surface, reducing the crystallization rate and maximizing the net dissolving rate. 3. Temperature. Particle movement is more rapid at higher temperatures, speeding up all physical processes.
22 Determination of Solubility Goal 5 Given the structural formulas of two molecular substances, or other information from which the strength of their intermolecular forces may be estimated, predict if they will dissolve appreciably in each other, and state the criteria on which your prediction is based.
23 Determination of Solubility The extent to which a particular solute dissolves in a given solvent depends on three factors: 1. The strength of intermolecular forces within the solute, within the solvent, and between the solute and the solvent 2. The partial pressure of a solute gas over a liquid solvent 3. The temperature
24 Determination of Solubility Intermolecular Forces Solubility, a macroscopic property, depends on intermolecular forces at the particulate level. If forces between molecules of A are about the same as the forces between molecules of B, A and B will probably dissolve in one another. Like dissolves like.
25 Determination of Solubility
26 H-Bonding Between Methanol and Water -δ +δ H-bond -δ
27 Determination of Solubility Partial Pressure of Solute Gas Over Liquid Solution The solubility of a gaseous solute in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the surface of the liquid.
28 Determination of Solubility
29 Determination of Solubility
30 Determination of Solubility Temperature The solubility of most solids increases with rising temperature (but there are notable exceptions). The solubilities of gases in liquids generally decreases at higher temperatures.
31 Determination of Solubility
32 Percentage by Mass Goal 6 Given mass of solute and of solvent or solution, calculate percentage concentration. Goal 7 Given mass of solution and percentage concentration, calculate mass of solute and solvent.
33 Percentage by Mass Solution Concentration In general, concentration is
34 Percentage by Mass Percentage Concentration by Mass
35 Percentage by Mass Example: A solution is prepared by dissolving 1.23 g of sodium chloride in ml of water. What is the percentage by mass? Solution: Solve by algebra. The density of water is 1 g/ml. So, for water, ml = grams.
36 Molarity Goal 8 Given two of the following, calculate the third: moles of solute (or data from which it may be found), volume of solution, molarity.
37 Molarity Molarity, M Moles of solute per liter of solution:
38 Molarity Example: How many moles of methanol are in 45.3 ml of M CH 3 OH? Solution: Molarity is a PER relationship that allows you to convert between the number of particles, grouped in moles, and the volume of solution, expressed in liters. Solve with dimensional analysis.
39 Molarity How many moles of methanol are in 45.3 ml of M CH 3 OH? = mol CH 3 OH
40 Molarity Example: Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 13.0 grams of sugar, C 12 H 22 O 11, in enough water to make milliliters of solution. Solution: Use the defining equation for molarity,
41 Molarity Calculate the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 13.0 grams of sugar, C 12 H 22 O 11, in enough water to make milliliters of solution mol C 12 H 22 O 11 /L = M C 12 H 22 O 11
42 Molarity To prepare a solution of a specified molarity: 1. Weigh the appropriate amount of solute. 2. Add less than the total volume of solvent. 3. Mix to completely dissolve the solute. 4. Add additional solvent until the total solution volume is appropriate.
43 Molarity
44 Solution Concentration
45 Dilution of Solutions Goal 9 Given any three of the following, calculate the fourth: (a) volume of concentrated solution, (b) molarity of concentrated solution, (c) volume of dilute solution, (d) molarity of dilute solution.
46 Dilution of Solutions Concentrated solutions are diluted by adding more solvent particles. The number of solute particles remains the same before and after a dilution:
47 Dilution of Solutions
48 Dilution of Solutions Example: If 10.0 ml of a 16-M nitric acid solution is diluted to 1.00 L, what is the molar concentration of the dilute solution? Solution: Solve with algebra. M 1 = 16 M M 2 =? V 1 = 10.0 ml V 2 = 1.00 L
49 Dilution of Solutions Example: If 10.0 ml of a 16-M nitric acid solution is diluted to 1.00 L, what is the molar concentration of the dilute solution? M 1 = 16 M M 2 =? V 1 = 10.0 ml V 2 = 1.00 L
50 Dilution of Solutions
51 Solution Stoichiometry Goal 10 Given the quantity of any species participating in a chemical reaction for which the equation can be written, find the quantity of any other species, either quantity being measured in (a) grams, (b) volume of solution at specified molarity, (c) (if gases have been studied) volume of gas at given temperature and pressure.
52 Solution Stoichiometry For any reaction whose equation is known, the three steps for solving a stoichiometry problem are: 1. Convert the quantity of given species to number of particles, grouped in moles. 2. Convert the moles of given species to moles of wanted species. 3. Convert the moles of wanted species to the quantity units required.
53 Solution Stoichiometry
54 Solution Stoichiometry Example: Aluminum shavings are dropped into ml of 0.77 M hydrochloric acid until the reaction is complete. How many grams of hydrogen are produced? Solution: Solve with dimensional analysis. 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl H 2 GIVEN: ml of 0.77 M HCl WANTED: g H 2
55 Solution Stoichiometry Aluminum shavings are dropped into ml of 0.77 M hydrochloric acid until the reaction is complete. How many grams of hydrogen are produced? 2 Al + 6 HCl 2 AlCl H 2 GIVEN: ml of 0.77 M HCl WANTED: g H 2
56 Titration Using Molarity Goal 11 Given the volume of a solution that reacts with a known mass of a primary standard and the equation for the reaction, calculate the molarity of the solution. Goal 12 Given the volumes of two solutions that react with each other in a titration, the molarity of one solution, and the equation for the reaction or information from which it can be written, calculate the molarity of the second solution.
57 Titration Using Molarity Titration The very careful addition of one solution to another by means of a device that can measure delivered volume precisely, such as a buret.
58 Titration Using Molarity
59 Titration Using Molarity Buret A glass tube of uniform width calibrated to accurately measure volume of liquid delivered through an adjustable-flow stopcock at the bottom of the tube. Indicator A substance that changes from one color to another, used to signal the end of a titration.
60 Titration Using Molarity Standardize Determination of the concentration of a solution to be used in a titration by titrating it against a primary standard. Primary Standard A soluble solid of reasonable cost that is very stable and pure, preferably with a high molar mass, that can be weighed accurately for use in a titration.
61 Titration Using Molarity Example: A student titrates 17.5 ml of M nitric acid solution into a 25.0-mL sample of barium hydroxide solution. What is the molar concentration of the barium hydroxide solution? Solution: A titration is a solution stoichiometry problem. Use dimensional analysis to find mol Ba(OH) 2 and algebra to find the molarity. GIVEN: 17.5 ml of M HNO 3 WANTED: M Ba(OH) 2 2 HNO 3 + Ba(OH) 2 2 H 2 O + Ba(NO 3 ) 2
62 Titration Using Molarity A student titrates 17.5 ml of M nitric acid solution into a 25.0-mL sample of barium hydroxide solution. What is the molar concentration of the barium hydroxide solution? = mol Ba(OH) 2
63 Titration Using Molarity A student titrates 17.5 ml of M nitric acid solution into a 25.0-mL sample of barium hydroxide solution. What is the molar concentration of the barium hydroxide solution? = mol Ba(OH) 2 = mol Ba(OH) 2 /L = M Ba(OH) 2
Solution. Types of Solutions. Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry
Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry Solution homogenous mixture of 2 or more pure substances only one perceptible phase species do not react chemically Types of Solutions solid liquid gas Solutions
More informationChapter 7 Solutions and Colloids
Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 7.1 Physical States of Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in which the components are present as atoms, molecules, or ions. Properties
More informationChapter 7 Solutions and Colloids
Chapter 7 Solutions and Colloids 7.1 Physical States of Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in which the components are present as atoms, molecules, or ions. Properties
More informationName Date Class PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
16.1 PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS Section Review Objectives Identify the factors that determine the rate at which a solute dissolves Identify the units usually used to express the solubility of a solute Calculate
More informationChem 1075 Chapter 14 Solutions Lecture Outline
Chem 1075 Chapter 14 Solutions Lecture Outline Slide 2 Solutions A solution is a. A solution is composed of a dissolved in a. Solutions exist in all three physical states: Slide 3 Polar Molecules When
More informationBasic Concepts of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 12, page 1] D J Weinkauff - Nerinx Hall High School. Chapter 12 Properties of Solutions
Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 12, page 1] Chapter 12 Properties of Solutions Section 12 1: The Nature of Aqueous Solutions 1) Sec 12 1.1 Mixtures of Two Liquids When two liquids
More informationA solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
UNIT (5) SOLUTIONS A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. 5.1 Terminology Solute and Solvent A simple solution has two components, a solute, and a solvent. The substance in smaller
More informationNanoscale pictures: Figs. 5.1, 5.4, and 5.5
Solutions and concentration Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Example: water, sugar, flavor mixture (Coke). The substances are physically combined, not chemically combined or bonded
More informationStoichiometry. Percent composition Part / whole x 100 = %
Stoichiometry Conversion factors 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms (element) 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 molecules (covalent compounds) 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 formula units (ionic compounds) 1 mole (any gas @ STP)
More informationChapter 12. Preview. Objectives Solutions Suspensions Colloids Solutes: Electrolytes Versus Nonelectrolytes
Preview Objectives Solutions Suspensions Colloids Solutes: Electrolytes Versus Nonelectrolytes Section 1 Types of Mixtures Objectives Distinguish between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. List three different
More informationName: Period: Date: solution
Name: Period: Date: ID: A Solutions Test A Matching Use the choices below to answer the following 5 questions. a. Hydrogen bond d. Electrolyte b. Polar molecule e. Nonelectrolyte c. Nonpolar molecule 1.
More informationChapter 12 & 13 Test Review. Bond, Ionic Bond
Chapter 12 & 13 Test Review A solid solute dissolved in a solid solvent is an Alloy What is happening in a solution at equilibrium? The Ionic rate of Bond dissolving is equal to the rate of crystallization.
More informationBrass, a solid solution of Zn and Cu, is used to make musical instruments and many other objects.
Brass, a solid solution of Zn and Cu, is used to make musical instruments and many other objects. 14.1 General Properties of Solutions 14.2 Solubility 14.3 Rate of Dissolving Solids 14.4 Concentration
More informationSOLUTIONS. Heterogeneous Mixtures. Section 8.1: Solutions and Other Mixtures. Heterogeneous Mixtures (cont d) CHAPTER 8.
Section 8.1: Solutions and Other Mixtures CHAPTER 8 SOLUTIONS Key Questions What is a heterogeneous mixture? What is a homogeneous mixture? Heterogeneous Mixtures The tree of matter branches into two distinct
More informationUnit V: Solutions. A. Properties of Solutions. B. Concentration Terms of Solutions. C. Mass Percent Calculation. D. Molarity of Solutions
Unit V: Solutions A. Properties of Solutions B. Concentration Terms of Solutions C. Mass Percent Calculation D. Molarity of Solutions E. Solution Stoichiometry F. Dilution Problems 5-A Properties of Solutions
More informationSolutions Solubility. Chapter 14
Copyright 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Solutions Chapter 14 All rights reserved. 1 Solutions Solutions are homogeneous mixtures Solvent substance present in the largest amount Solute is the dissolved
More informationSOLUTIONS. Solutions - page
SOLUTIONS For gases in a liquid, as the temperature goes up the solubility goes. For gases in a liquid, as the pressure goes up the solubility goes. Example: What is the molarity of a solution with 2.0
More informationHow can homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures be. 1. classified? 2. separated?
How can homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures be 1. classified? 2. separated? 1. HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE 2. COLLOID 3. EMULSION 4. SUSPENSION 5. FILTRATION 6. TYNDALL EFFECT 7. HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE 8. SOLUTION
More informationSOLUTIONS. Homogeneous mixture uniformly mixed on the molecular level. Solvent & Solute. we will focus on aqueous solutions
SOLUTIONS Homogeneous mixture uniformly mixed on the molecular level Solvent & Solute we will focus on aqueous solutions SOLUTE-SOLVENT SOLVENT INTERACTIONS Why do solutions form? Processes occur spontaneously
More informationChapter 13 (part I of II)Properties of Solutions (N.B. aspects of this topic were seen in chapter 4)
Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition, AP version Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 13 (part I of II)Properties of (N.B. aspects of this topic were seen in chapter
More informationUnit 15 Solutions and Molarity
Unit 15 s and Molarity INTRODUCTION In addition to chemical equations chemists and chemistry students encounter homogeneous mixtures or solutions quite frequently. s are the practical means to deliver
More informationH 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point
Unit 9: Solutions H 2 O WHAT PROPERTIES OF WATER MAKE IT ESSENTIAL TO LIFE OF EARTH? Good solvent High Surface tension Low vapor pressure High boiling point Water is a polar molecule. It experiences hydrogen
More informationRegents Chemistry Unit 3C Solutions Text Chapter 13 Reference Tables F, G & T. Chemists have Solutions!
Regents Chemistry Unit 3C Solutions Text Chapter 13 Reference Tables F, G & T Chemists have Solutions! SOLUTIONS homogeneous mixture (uniform composition throughout) Solute - substance being dissolved
More informationModern Chemistry Chapter 12- Solutions
Modern Chemistry Chapter 12- Solutions Section 1- Types of Mixtures Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances in a single phase. Soluble describes a substance as capable of being dissolved.
More informationSolutions. LiCl (s) + H2O (l) LiCl (aq) 3/12/2013. Definitions. Aqueous Solution. Solutions. How Does a Solution Form? Solute Solvent solution
Solutions Definitions A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solute is dissolved in a solvent. solute is the substance being dissolved solvent is the liquid in which the solute is dissolved an aqueous solution
More informationMolar Mass to Moles Conversion. A mole is an amount of substance. The term can be used for any substance and 23
Molar Mass to Moles Conversion A mole is an amount of substance. The term can be used for any substance and 23 indicates the presence of 6.02 x 10 particles. (this is known as Avogadro s Number) Particles
More informationUnit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate.
1 Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate. You should be able to: Vocabulary of water solubility Differentiate between
More information91 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
91 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION - sometimes called "percent composition" or "percent composition by mass" - the percentage of each element in a compound, expressed in terms of mass Example: Find the percentage
More informationChapter 9 Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures
Chapter 9 Lesson 1: Substances and Mixtures Vocabulary -Substance -Heterogeneous mixture -Mixture -Homogeneous mixture -Solution Matter: Substances and Mixtures How do compounds and mixtures differ? Because
More informationCP Chapter 15/16 Solutions What Are Solutions?
CP Chapter 15/16 Solutions What Are Solutions? What is a solution? A solution is uniform that may contain solids, liquids, or gases. Known as a mixture Solution = + o Solvent The substance in abundance
More informationSolutions. Experiment 11. Various Types of Solutions. Solution: A homogenous mixture consisting of ions or molecules
Solutions Solution: A homogenous mixture consisting of ions or molecules -Assignment: Ch 15 Questions & Problems : 5, (15b,d), (17a, c), 19, 21, 23, 27, (33b,c), 39, (43c,d),45b, 47, (49b,d), (55a,b),
More information9.1 Water. Chapter 9 Solutions. Water. Water in Foods
Chapter 9 s 9.1 Water 9.1 Properties of Water 9.2 s 9.3 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes 9.6 Percent Concentration 9.7 Molarity Water is the most common solvent. The water molecule is polar. Hydrogen bonds
More informationCHAPTER 12 REVIEW. Solutions. Answer the following questions in the space provided. b. sea water. c. water-absorbing super gels
CHAPTER 12 REVIEW Solutions SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Match the type of mixture on the left to its representative particle diameter on the right. c
More informationSOLUTIONS. Chapter Test B. A. Matching. Column A. Column B. Name Date Class. 418 Core Teaching Resources
16 SOLUTIONS Chapter Test B A. Matching Match each term in Column B to the correct description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line. Column A Column B 1. the number of moles of
More informationCHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY
CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Water, the common solvent Solution is a homogeneous mixture Solvent is the substance that does the dissolving Solute is the substance that
More informationIB Chemistry Solutions Gasses and Energy
Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture it looks like one substance. An aqueous solution will be a clear mixture with only one visible phase. Be careful with the definitions of clear and colourless.
More informationLesson Plans Chapter 15: Solutions & Solution Chemistry
Lesson Plans Chapter 15: Solutions & Solution Chemistry I. Solutions a. A solution is simply a homogeneous mixture i. Homogeneous: same throughout (it does not mean one ) ex: water + sugar, air, alloys,
More informationSOLUTIONS. Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico
SOLUTIONS SOLUTION A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, the relative proportion of which may vary within certain limits. COMPONENTS OF SOLUTION SOLUTE component which is in small quantity SOLVENT
More informationQuick Review. - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent
Quick Review - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent Water H 2 O Is water an ionic or a covalent compound? Covalent,
More informationUnit 6 Solids, Liquids and Solutions
Unit 6 Solids, Liquids and Solutions 12-1 Liquids I. Properties of Liquids and the Kinetic Molecular Theory A. Fluids 1. Substances that can flow and therefore take the shape of their container B. Relative
More informationChapter 15. Solutions
Chapter 15 Solutions Key Terms for this Chapter Make sure you know the meaning of these: Solution Solute Solvent Aqueous solution Solubility Saturated Unsaturated Supersaturated Concentrated Dilute 15-2
More informationAP Chemistry. Reactions in Solution
AP Chemistry Reactions in Solution S o l u t i o n s solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances -- The solvent is present in greatest quantity. -- Any other substance present is called a.
More informationChapter 9: Solutions
9.1 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter 9: Solutions Heterogeneous mixtures are those in which the mixing is not uniform and have regions of different composition. Homogeneous mixtures are those in which the
More informationExplain freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation at the molecular level.
Solutions 1 UNIT4: SOLUTIONS All important vocabulary is in Italics and bold. Describe and give examples of various types of solutions. Include: suspension, emulsion, colloid, alloy, solute, solvent, soluble,
More informationChapter 15 Solutions
Chapter 15 Solutions 1. A homogeneous mixture is a combination of two (or more) pure substances that is uniform in composition and appearance throughout. Examples of homogeneous mixtures in the real world
More informationExample: How would we prepare 500. ml of M sodium sulfate in water?
95 Example: How would we prepare 500. ml of 0.500 M sodium sulfate in water? Dissolve the appropriate amount of sodium sulfate into enough water to make 500. ml of solution. A VOLUMETRIC FLASK is a flask
More informationUnit 10: Part 1: Polarity and Intermolecular Forces
Unit 10: Part 1: Polarity and Intermolecular Forces Name: Block: Intermolecular Forces of Attraction and Phase Changes Intramolecular Bonding: attractive forces that occur between atoms WITHIN a molecule;
More informationH = Hydrogen atoms O = Oxygen atoms
CHEMISTRY CP Name: KEY Period: TEST DATE: Unit 8 Review Sheet KEY: Properties of Water, Solutions, Concentration, Acids and Bases PROPERTIES OF WATER 1. Define the following terms: polarity, surface tension,
More informationPart A Answer all questions in this part.
Part A Directions (1-24): For each statement or question, record on your separate answer sheet the number of the word or expression that, of those given, best completes the statement or answers the question.
More informationSection 6.2A Intermolecular Attractions
Section 6.2A Intermolecular Attractions As we know, molecules are held together by covalent bonds, but there are also attractive forces BETWEEN individual molecules (rather than within). These are called
More informationName Date. 9. Which substance shows the least change in solubility (grams of solute) from 0 C to 100 C?
Solubility Curve Practice Problems Directions: Use the graph to answer the questions below. Assume you will be using 100g of water unless otherwise stated. 1. How many grams of potassium chloride (KCl)
More informationChapter 13. Characteristics of a Solution. Example of A Homogenous Mixtures. Solutions
Chapter 13 Solutions Characteristics of a Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture A solution is composed of a: Solute: the substance in lesser amount Solvent: the substance in greater amount Two liquid
More informationChapter 7 Solution Chemistry. 7.1 The Nature of Solutions. Warm Up (p. 364) and Quick Check (p. 365)
Chapter 7 Solution Chemistry 7.1 The Nature of Solutions Warm Up (p. 364) and Quick Check (p. 365) Car exhaust Tap water Carbon dioxide Freshly squeezed orange juice Stainless steel Tea Diamond Cigarette
More informationHONORS CHEMISTRY Putting It All Together II
NAME: SECTION: HONORS CHEMISTRY Putting It All Together II Calculations in Chemistry It s time to pull out your calculators! In the first review sheet, you were able to write formulas of compounds when
More informationChapter 3. Molecules, Moles, and Chemical Equations
Chapter 3 Molecules, Moles, and Chemical Equations Law of Conservation of Matter Matter is neither created nor destroyed. In chemistry the number of atoms going into a chemical reaction must be the same
More informationSOLUBILITY AS AN EQUILIBRIUM PHENOMENA
SOLUBILITY AS AN EQUILIBRIUM PHENOMENA Equilibrium in Solution solute (undissolved) solute (dissolved) Solubility A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given
More informationBushra Javed Valencia College CHM 1046 Chapter 12 - Solutions
Bushra Javed Valencia College CHM 1046 Chapter 12 - Solutions 1 Chapter 12 :Solutions Tentative Outline 1. Introduction to solutions. 2. Types of Solutions 3. Solubility and the Solution Process: Saturated,
More informationNanoscale pictures: Figs. 5.1, 5.4, and 5.5
Solutions and concentration Solution: a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Example: water, sugar, flavor mixture (Coke). The substances are physically combined, not chemically combined or bonded
More informationThe Solution to Solutions. Chemistry 2008
The Solution to Solutions Chemistry 2008 Content Objectives Chemistry swbat define various terms associated with solutions by viewing a PowerPoint and filling in cloze style notes. Chemistry students wbat
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Topics General properties of aqueous solutions Precipitation reactions Acid base reactions Oxidation reduction reactions Concentration of solutions Aqueous reactions
More informationWORKSHEET Mole Fraction
NAME: DATE: PERIOD: WORKSHEET Mole Fraction 1. What is the mole fraction of sodium chloride in a solution containing 0.23 moles of NaCl and 5.5 moles of water? 2. What is the mole fraction of oxygen in
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component
More informationSolution = the term solution describes a system in which 1 or more substances are homogenously mixed or dissolved in another substance.
1 Chemistry 047: Solution Chemistry Chemistry 047 Solution Chemistry A. Solutions and solubility B. Conductivity of aqueous solutions C. Molecular polarity and H bonding discussed in last Unit D. Polar
More informationMole: base unit for an amount of substance A mole contains Avogadro s number (N A ) of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, formula units )
Mole: base unit for an amount of substance A mole contains Avogadro s number (N A ) of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, formula units ) N A 6.0 10 mol -1 1 mol substance contains N A Molar mass (g/mol)
More informationProperties of Solutions
Properties of Solutions The States of Matter The state a substance is in at a particular temperature and pressure depends on two antagonistic entities: The kinetic energy of the particles The strength
More informationExam 3: Mon, Nov. 7, 6:30 7:45 pm
Week 10: Lectures 28 30 Lecture 28: W 10/26 Lecture 29: F 10/28 Lecture 30: M 10/31 (Halloween Demo Show) Reading: BLB Ch 4.1, 4.5, 13.1 13.4 Homework: BLB 4: 3, 37, 72; Supp 4: 1 5; BLB 13: 7, 21, 23;
More informationChapter 4. Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
Lecture Presentation Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions Reaction Stoichiometry: How Much Carbon Dioxide? The balanced chemical equations for fossilfuel combustion reactions provide the
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Solutions. 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 in Solution 4.1 General Properties of Solutions Solutions Solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. The solvent is present in greatest abundance. All other
More informationChapter 13 - Solutions
Chapter 13 - Solutions 13-1 Types of Mixtures Solutions A. Soluble 1. Capable of being dissolved B. Solution 1. A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase C. Solvent 1. The dissolving
More informationChemistry 121 Chapters 7& 8 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Chemistry 121 Chapters 7& 8 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A sample of carbon dioxide occupies 22.4 L at STP. Which of the
More informationChapter 13 Properties of Solutions
Section 13.1 The Solution Process Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions SOLVENT - any substance that has other substances dissolved in it (often a liquid) ie. The dissolving medium - often the substance present
More informationWarm Up. 1. What causes the high surface tension of water? 2. In the formation of a solution, how does the solvent differ from the solute?
Warm Up 1. What causes the high surface tension of water? 2. In the formation of a solution, how does the solvent differ from the solute? 3. Why are all ionic compounds electrolytes? 4. How do you write
More information5. Which barium salt is insoluble in water? (1) BaCO3 (3) Ba(ClO4)2 (2) BaCl2 (4) Ba(NO3)2
1. A 3.0 M HCl(aq) solution contains a total of (1) 3.0 grams of HCl per liter of water (2) 3.0 grams of HCl per mole of solution (3) 3.0 moles of HCl per liter of solution (4) 3.0 moles of HCl per mole
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week #6 Oxidation Numbers, Redox Reactions, Solution Concentration, and Titrations
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week #6 Oxidation Numbers, Redox Reactions, Solution Concentration, and Titrations Why? In addition to metathetical reactions, electron transfer reactions often occur in solutions.
More informationName Chemistry Pre-AP. Notes: Solutions
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Solutions Period I. Intermolecular Forces (IMFs) A. Attractions Between Molecules Attractions between molecules are called and are very important in determining the properties
More informationWarm UP. between carbonate and lithium. following elements have? 3) Name these compounds: 1) Write the neutral compound that forms
Warm UP 1) Write the neutral compound that forms between carbonate and lithium 2) How many valence electrons do the following elements have? a) Chlorine b) Neon c) Potassium 3) Name these compounds: a)
More informationSolids, Liquids and Gases We have already covered these phases of matter. See online section 5.2
Chapter 10 This chapter begins to answer the questions: So now that I now what atoms and molecules look like, how do these structures translate into what I see in the world around me. Reading Assignment:
More informationAP Chemistry Semester 1 Practice Problems
AP Chemistry Semester 1 Practice Problems 1. Adipic Acid contains 49.32% C, 43.84% O, and 6.85% H by mass. What is the empirical formula? a) C 3 H 5 O 2 b) C 3 H 3 O 4 c) C 2 HO 3 d) C 2 H 5 O 4 e) C 3
More informationMixtures. Chapters 12/13: Solutions and Colligative Properties. Types of Solutions. Suspensions. The Tyndall Effect: Colloid
Mixtures Chapters 12/13: Solutions and Colligative Properties Solution - a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase Soluble - capable of being dissolved Solutions - 2 Parts Solvent
More informationEquation Writing for a Neutralization Reaction
Equation Writing for a Neutralization Reaction An Acid-Base reaction is also called a Neutralization reaction because the acid (generates H + or H 3 O + ) and base (generates OH ) properties of the reactants
More information1. stirring (agitation) 2. temperature 3. the surface area of the dissolving particles
Chapter 16 16.1 A sinkhole forms when the roof of a cave weakens from being dissolved by groundwater and suddenly collapses. One recorded sinkhole swallowed a house, several other buildings, five cars,
More informationSolutions are HOMOGENEOUS mixtures and can be gases, liquids, or solids.
UNIT 4 Solutions and Solubility Chapter 8 Solutions and Concentration Types of Solutions The simplest solutions contain 2 substances: 1. SOLVENT o any substance that has another substance o dissolved in
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Solution Equilibria (17.1) Buffer Solutions (17.2) A Closer Look at Acid-Base
More informationChemistry 20 Unit 3A Solutions FITB Notes. Topic A Classification of Solutions
Chemistry 20 Unit 3A Solutions FITB Notes General Outcome: Topic A Classification of Solutions Matter is a substance with and A substance is a type of matter with one definite formula (elements, compounds)
More informationIons in Solution. Solvent and Solute
Adapted from Peer-led Team Learning Begin at the beginning and go on till you come to the end: then stop." Early ideas of atoms and compounds, developed primarily through the reactions of solids and gases,
More informationSolutions. Heterogenous Mixture (Not a Solution) Ice Water (w/ Ice Cubes) Smog Oil and Water
Solutions Unit 6 1 Solutions Homogenous Mixture (Solution) two or more substances mixed together to have a uniform composition, its components are not distinguishable from one another Heterogenous Mixture
More informationChemistry I-Honors Solution Chemistry Notes
Chemistry I-Honors Solution Chemistry Notes The Solution Process Must consider three sets of interactions and the energy (and entropy) associated with each. (1) Solute-solute interaction (2) Solvent-solvent
More informationChapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.3 The Composition of Solutions (MOLARITY!)
More informationChemistry 20 Lesson 17 Solubility
Chemistry 20 Lesson 17 Solubility The ability of one compound to dissolve in another compound is called solubility. The term solubility can be used in two senses, qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively,
More informationSolutions. Why does a raw egg swell or shrink when placed in different solutions?
Solutions 1 Why does a raw egg swell or shrink when placed in different solutions? Classification of Matter 2 Some Definitions 3 If a compound is soluble it is capable of being dissolved. A solution is
More informationChapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions Reaction Stoichiometry the numerical relationships between chemical amounts in a reaction is called stoichiometry the coefficients in a balanced chemical
More informationSolution Concentration
Solution Concentration solution: homogeneous mixture of substances present as atoms, ions, and/or molecules solute: component present in smaller amount solvent: component present in greater amount Note:
More informationChem II - Wed, 9/14/16
Chem II - Wed, 9/14/16 Do Now Drop off any study guides you want color coded Pull out stoich HW Homework See board Agenda Stoich Ch 4 Labish thing Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoich Water Possesses
More informationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS Do all the exercises in your study guide. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent. A solvent is a substance that
More information84 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
84 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION - sometimes called "percent composition" or "percent composition by mass" - the percentage of each element in a compound, expressed in terms of mass Example: Find the percentage
More informationFactors that Effect the Rate of Solvation
Factors that Effect the Rate of Solvation Rate of Solvation there are three ways to increase collisions between the solvent and the solute. agitating the mixture increasing the surface area of the solute
More information4.6 Describing Reactions in Solution
4.6 Describing Reactions in Solution The overall or formula equation for this reaction: K 2 CrO(aq) Ba(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) BaCrO 4 (s) 2KNO 3 (aq) Although the formula equation shows the reactants and products
More informationGas Laws. Bonding. Solutions M= moles solute Mass %= mass solute x 100. Acids and Bases. Thermochemistry q = mc T
Name Period Teacher Practice Test: OTHS Academic Chemistry Spring Semester 2017 The exam will have 100 multiple choice questions (1 point each) Formula sheet (see below) and Periodic table will be provided
More informationSoluble: A solute that dissolves in a specific solvent. Insoluble: A solute that will not dissolve in a specific solvent. "Like Dissolves Like"
Solutions Homogeneous Mixtures Solutions: Mixtures that contain two or more substances called the solute and the solvent where the solute dissolves in the solvent so the solute and solvent are not distinguishable
More information