CHAPTER V. Part A GREEN CHEMISTRY ORGANIC SYNTHESIS IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM: An introduction
|
|
- Carmella Wilcox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CHAPTE V GEE CHEMISTY GAIC SYTHESIS I AQUEUS MEDIUM: An introduction
2 V.A.1 Brief introduction to green chemistry The need of development of the concept of green chemistry to help safeguard human life started after the first chemical revolution, which changed modern life with excellent amenities and services, but also created the serious problem of environmental pollution. Thus, The core principle of this concept is to protect the environment, not by cleaning it up, but by discovery of new chemistry and pharmaceutical industries to concern the effect on human life when new chemicals are introduced into our society. 1,2 In early 1990 s, Green chemistry is defined as the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. 3 The term Green Chemistry was coined in 1991 by Prof. Paul T. Anastas. 4 Green chemistry is the largest and multifaceted field in chemistry. Thus the use of the principles of green chemistry can be evaluated the greenness of a particular synthetic protocol. 1 These principles have given a solution for several issues, such as preventing the use of volatile and toxic solvents i.e. less hazardous chemical reactions, the quantity and reusability of catalyst and reagents employed i.e. stoichiometric reagents, the use of benign chemicals, atom efficiency or atom-economy synthetic methods with a minimum number of chemical reaction steps in which the selected step generates the desire product without producing any by products, energy efficient and mild reaction conditions, and prevent the chemical waste produced (Figure V.A.1). 5 Figure V.A.1 Principles of green chemistry. 178
3 Green Chemistry is a branch of chemistry which involves pulling together tools, techniques and technologies. It is helpful to chemists and chemical engineers in research, development and production for development of more eco-friendly and efficient methods which may also have significant financial benefits. It is now going to become an essential tool in the field of synthetic chemistry, and the development of Green Chemistry redefines the role of a solvent: An ideal solvent facilitates the mass transfer but does not dissolve. In addition, a desirable green solvent should be natural, nontoxic, inexpensive and readily available with additional benefits of aiding the reaction, separation or catalyst recycling. 6,7 The most challenge in chemistry to develop practical processes, reaction media, conditions and/or utility of materials based on the idea of green chemistry is one of the important issues in the scientific community. 8 V.A.2 rganic synthesis in water Although water is considered to be a problem for organic synthesis and the purification processes and drying in final products is very cumbersome, in recent years water is considered to be a good solvent for organic reactions. The most interesting example of water as a solvent in the synthetic routes of the Diels-Alder reactions in which the hydrophobic properties of some reagents makes water an ideal solvent. 9 Water as a solvent accelerates some reactions and it has been proved to be very good for selectivity even for reagents which are not very soluble or insoluble in it and this is a so-called hydrophobic interaction, which is well known in biology, notably for the 10, 11a interaction of peptides. Water appears to be a better option compared to others green solvents because of its abundant, non-toxic, non-corrosive, and non-inflammable nature. In addition, water can be contained because of its relatively high vapor pressure as compared to organic solvents, making it a green 11, 12 and sustainable alternative. ecently, organic reactions in water without use of harmful organic solvents have drawn much 13, 14 more attention, because water is cheap, safe and environmentally benign solvent. 179
4 V.A.3 Literature survey on organic reactions in aqueous media Some important organic reactions in aqueous media are presented below: V.A.3.1 Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via multicomponent reaction Li-Qiang, W et al. have reported a simple and an efficient synthesis of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl- 1H-benzo[h]pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline-5,10-diones by the one-pot condensation of 3-methyl-1- phenyl-1h-pyrazol-5-amine, aldehydes and 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione in water in the presence of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (Scheme V.A.1). 15 H 2 H + CH + (H 4 ) 2 HP 4 H 2, eflux Scheme V.A.1 V.A.3.2 ne-pot green synthesis for pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives A practically convenient and eco-friendly synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines has been developed by Mazaahir, K et al. in an aqueous medium without using any catalyst, i.e. completely circumventing the use of hazardous organic solvents and corrosive acids or bases from barbituric acid, aldehyde and urea or thiourea (Scheme V.A.2). Water-insoluble solid products obtained in short time are found to be essentially pure and are obtained in very high yield. 16 H H + CH + = or S H 2 H 2 water MW H H H H Scheme V.A.2 180
5 V.A.3.3 Green synthesis of hexa-hydro triazines under sonic condition An efficient, clean and quick methodology for the synthesis of various 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine derivatives with greater yields than the previously reported conventional methods has been developed by Ashish K Singh et al. from aryl amines, and formaldehyde under ultrasonic condition (Scheme V.A.3) H HCH EtH/ H 2 )))) = Cl, Me, 2, H 2, H, CH 3 Scheme V.A.3 V.A.3.4 ovel synthesis of anilines by zinc metal-mediated chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes in water Takehito T et al. have reported a simple and low cost procedure for reducing nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines using zinc metal and H 4 Cl in water without any organic solvent at 80 C (Scheme V.A.4) and this procedure is chemoselective for nitro groups. Ester, amide and halide substituents on aromatic rings are unaffected. 18 Zn/ H 4 Cl 2 H H 2 2, 80 o C Scheme V.A.4 181
6 V.A.3.5 Synthesis of 4,6-substituted coumarins by Heck reaction in water Talita, de A et al. have reported the synthesis of 4,6-substituted coumarins by one pot palladium-catalyzed Heck-lactonization reaction involving ortho-iodophenols and methyl crotonate or a Z-enoate derived from d-mannitol in water using triethylamine as base (Scheme V.A.5). 19 H I = H, Ph, PdCl 2 / Et 3 CEt H 2, 80 o C 1 2 Scheme V.a.5 V.A.3.6 Suzuki reaction in aqueous media A simple and efficient protocol has been developed by Chun, L et al. for the PdCl 2 catalyzed Suzuki reaction of aryl bromides or nitrogen-based heteroaryl bromides with arylboronic acids in good to excellent yields in aqueous ethanol (Scheme V.A.6). It is noteworthy that the presence of water could reverse the role of atmosphere on the palladium-catalyzed ligand-free Suzuki reaction. 20 Ar Br + B(H) 2 EtH /H 2 (1:1 ), rt 0.5 mol% PdCl 2 Ar Scheme V.A.6 182
7 V.A.4 Conclusions As we can see from the above Literature survey, Green Chemistry principles have advanced considerably in the last decades. esearch on various industrial applications has been very successful and with considerable advantages for energy consumption, toxic products and minimum waste. These advantageous have contributed in the safety and health of workers who work in chemical industries, making of products with basic materials workshops. Secondly, green chemistry has found alternative ways to cut energy consumption by changing processes, or through new catalytic routes, in order to save energy. Thirdly, the use of alternative solvents in green chemistry has reduced substantially environmental problems and it is better to use green solvent with its benefits like less toxicity, less hazards, more safer rather than other organic solvents (THF, DME, MTBE) for industrial applications. Fourthly, green chemistry has introduced innovations for the industrial products during their use or after their useful life cycle as waste. 183
8 V.A.5 eferences 1. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, xford University Press, xford, Poliakoff, M.; Licence, P. ature, 2007, 450, US EPA website, EPA s Green Chemistry Program, ry/index.htm 4. Anastas, P. T.; Warner, J. C. Green Chemistry Theory and Practice, xford Univ. Press, ew York (1998). 5. Polshettiwar, V.; Varma,. S. SC Green Chemistry o.7: Aqueous Microwave Assisted Chemistry: Synthesis and Catalysis, oyal Society of Chemistry Ahluwalia, V. K.; Kidwai, M., ew Trends In Green Chemistry, Anamaya publisher ew Delhi, 2 nd edition, 2007, 5-18, Ahluwalia, V. K., Green Chemistry Environmentally Benign eactions, published by India books, 2 nd edition, 2006, Tundo, P.; Anastas, P. T. Green Chemistry: Challenging Perspectives, xford Science: xford, Laue, T.; Plagens, A. amed rganic eactions, 2nd ed.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 2005; pp Voet, D.; Voet, J. G.; Pratt, C. W. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level; Wiley: Hoboken, J, USA, 2006; pp (a) Clark, J. H. Green Chem. 2006, 8, 17; (b) Li, C. J.; Chen, L. Chem. Soc. ev. 2006, 35, 68; (c) Polshettiwar, V.; Varma,. S. J. rg. Chem. 2008, 73, 7417; (d) Polshettiwar, V.; Varma,. S. J. rg. Chem. 2007, 72, (a) Polshettiwar, V.; Varma,. S. Chem. Soc. ev. 2008, 37, 1546; (b) Dallinger, D.; Kappe, C.. Chem. ev. 2007, 107, 2563; (c) Pol-shettiwar, V. ; Varma,. S. Alternative Heating for Green Synthesis in Water (Photo, Ultrasound, and Microwave), Hand book of Green Chemistry, ed. Anastas, P. T.; Li, C.-J. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, 2009; (d) Varma,. S. Clean chemical synthesis inwater, rg. Chem. Highlights 2007, 184
9 13. Bigi, F.; Chesini, L.; Maggi,.; Sartori, G. J. rg. Chem. 1999, 64, Bigi, F.; Conforti, M. L.; Maggi,.; Piccinno, A.; Sartori, G. Green Chem. 2000, 2, Li-Qiang, W.; uo-yi, D.; Chun-Guang, Y.; Fu-Lin, Y. J. Chinese Chem. Soc. 2010, 57, Mazaahir, K.; Kavita, S.; Shuchi, K. Z. aturforsch. 2007, 62b, Ashish, K. S.; Sudhish, K. S.; Mumtaz, A. Q. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 2011, 2, Takehito, T.; Hirohisa, T. Green Chem. 2001, 3, Talita, de A. F.; ita, de C. C. C.; Tatiana, M. D. G.; Alcides, J. M. da S.; Paulo,.. C. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, Chun, L.; Qijian,.; Pingping, H.; Jieshan, Q. rg. Biomol. Chem. 2011, 9,
Synthesis of Schiff s Base Derivatives Using Water as Solvent.(A Green Methodology)
Synthesis of Schiff s Base Derivatives Using Water as Solvent.(A Green Methodology) Ajmal R. Bhat 1, M. Hussain Wagay 2 1,2 Department of Chemistry, Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144030
More informationTransition-Metal Homogeneous Catalysis
TASITIETAL HGEEUS CATALSIS Transitionmetal homogeneous catalysis, which was established from the discovery of hydroformylation (1938, tto oelen/uhrchemie), today is undoubtedly a highly competitive research
More informationMethane Sulphonic Acid is Green Catalyst in Organic Synthesis
IETAL JUAL F CHEMISTY An International pen Free Access, Peer eviewed esearch Journal www.orientjchem.org ISS: 0970-020 X CDE: JCHEG 2015, Vol. 31, o. (1): Pg. 447-451 Methane Sulphonic Acid is Green Catalyst
More informationEnvironmental Efficiency of Chemical Processes. Dr. Anuj Kumar Mittal, Head-R&D PI Industries Ltd. IGCW Convention - December 2013
Environmental Efficiency of Chemical Processes Dr. Anuj Kumar Mittal, Head-R&D PI Industries Ltd. IGCW Convention - December 2013 Prelude WHAT IS GREEN CHEMISTRY? Green Chemistry is essentially a way of
More informationSolvent-free and aqueous Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic ketones with malononitrile
Solvent-free and aqueous Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic ketones with malononitrile Guan-Wu Wang* and Bo Cheng Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui
More informationMicrowave Irradiated Deep Eutectic Solvent Catalysed Green, Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Primary Amides
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 Volume 6 Issue 7 July 2017 PP. 72-76 Microwave Irradiated Deep Eutectic Solvent Catalysed Green,
More informationA Highly Efficient Organocatalyst for Direct Aldol Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes
A ighly Efficient rganocatalyst for Direct Aldol Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes Zhuo Tang, Zhi-ua Yang, Xiao-ua Chen, Lin-Feng Cun, Ai-Qiao Mi, Yao-Zhong Jiang, and Liu-Zhu Gong Contribution from the
More informationMicrowave assisted organic synthesis and Solid supported reagents. A happy marriage? Dr Pelle Lidström Biotage
Microwave assisted organic synthesis and Solid supported reagents A happy marriage? Dr Pelle Lidström Biotage 5/30/2007 Discovery Chemistry Tool-kit Synthesis Synthesis Microwave Synthesis Extremely fast
More informationJournal of Applicable Chemistry
Available online at www.joac.info ISSN: 2278-1862 Journal of Applicable Chemistry 2016, 5 (4): 856-860 (International Peer Reviewed Journal) An Eco-Friendly Protocol for the Synthesis of Anilines from
More informationCatalyzed N-acylation of carbamates and oxazolidinones by Heteropolyacids (HPAs)
Catalyzed -acylation of carbamates and oxazolidinones by eteropolyacids (PAs) Ali Gharib 1,2 *, Manouchehr Jahangir 1, Mina Roshani 1 1 Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IRA 2
More informationNeat reaction technology: A green tool
Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 45B, ctober 2006, pp. 2330-2336 eat reaction technology: A green tool Mazaahir Kidwai* & Poonam Mothsra Green Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of
More informationCatellani Reaction (Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Reaction) Todd Luo
Catellani Reaction (Pd-Catalyzed Sequential Reaction) Todd Luo 2014.1.6 1 Content Introduction Progress of Catellani Reaction o-alkylation and Applications o-arylation and Applications Conclusion and Outlook
More informationGreen Chemistry. Approaches. Barriers. Educational Resources for Green Chemistry: An Overview. ACS National Meeting San Diego 15 March 2005
Educational Resources for Green Chemistry: An Overview ACS National Meeting San Diego 15 March 2005 Green Chemistry! The design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation
More informationGreen Chemistry The atom economy
Green Chemistry The atom economy Tutor summary Divide the students of your tutorial group (ca nine students) up into three subgroups (ca three students) right at the beginning of the group session so they
More informationA Green Oxidant for In-Situ Chemical Oxidation. Jack Peabody Regenesis
A Green xidant for In-Situ Chemical xidation Jack Peabody Regenesis jpeabody@regenesis.com The New Era of Environmentalism Green Sustainable Renewable Energy Chemistry Vehicles Farming Technologies Lifestyles
More informationBo Yang Nov. 18 th, 2009
Bo Yang ov. 18 th, 2009 1 utline Introduction Traditional Stepwise Synthesis Approach ne-pot Synthesis Approach Conclusions 2 Importance of Fused Ring Structures Kubo, K. et al. Chem. Phram. Bull. 1979,
More informationGreening The Pharmaceutical Industry To Afford Good Laboratory Practice. Presented By Prof. Dr. Salwa Elmeligie Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
Greening The Pharmaceutical Industry To Afford Good Laboratory Practice Presented By Prof. Dr. Salwa Elmeligie Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 1 Iam so glade to be here in this International Conference
More informationScholars Research Library
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars esearch Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2011, 3 (6):193-197 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0974-248X USA CDEN: DPLEB4
More informationPalladium-Mediated Functionalization of Heteroaromatic Cations: Comparative Study on Quinolizinium Cations
Palladium-Mediated Functionalization of Heteroaromatic Cations: Comparative Study on Quinolizinium Cations Domingo Garcia-Cuadrado, Ana M. Cuadro, Bernado M. Barchin, Ana unez, Tatiana Caneque, Julio Alvarez-
More informationArylhalide-Tolerated Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acids with N-Chloroamides Catalyzed by CuCl at Room Temperature
Current Literature July 19, 08 Jitendra Mishra Arylhalide-Tolerated Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acids with -Chloroamides Catalyzed by CuCl at Room Temperature Aiwen Lei et.al. College of the
More informationTHE ROLE OF CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS IN SUPPORT OF THE SUBSTITUTION PRINCIPLE Ferdinando Fiorino Elisa Perissutti
Unit of Medicinal Chemistry LIFE-EDESIA workshop Milan, Dicember 10 th 2014 THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS IN SUPPORT OF THE SUBSTITUTION PRINCIPLE Ferdinando Fiorino Elisa Perissutti Università degli
More informationEnvironmentally Benign and Efficient Approaches to Organic Synthesis of Drugs: A Review
Human Journals Review Article October 2018 Vol.:13, Issue:3 All rights are reserved by Madhura Vijay Newrekar Environmentally Benign and Efficient Approaches to Organic Synthesis of Drugs: A Review Keywords:
More informationDirect Catalytic Cross-Coupling of Organolithium
Literature report Direct Catalytic Cross-Coupling of Organolithium Compounds Reporter: Zhang-Pei Chen Checker: Mu-Wang Chen Date: 02/07/2013 Feringa, B.L.et al. Feringa, B. L. et al. Nature Chem. 2013,
More informationMicrowave Energy in Accelerating Reaction Rate of Solid-Assisted Solution Phase Synthesis
Microwave Energy in Accelerating Reaction Rate of Solid-Assisted Solution Phase Synthesis Shahnaz Ghassemi, Discovery Chemistry Group1725 Discovery Drive Charlottesville, VA 22911 Introduction Solid-Assisted
More informationThe Use of Green Chemistry Approach in Organic Synthesis : Focus and Review
The Use of Green Chemistry Approach in Organic Synthesis : Focus and Review Abstract : Rameshwar R. Magar 3, Sunil S. Choudhare 2, Santosh V. Padghan *1 Dept of Chemistry Sant Dnyaneshwar Mahavidyalaya,
More informationDry media reactions* M. Kidwai. Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 73, No. 1, pp , IUPAC
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 147 151, 2001. 2001 IUPAC Dry media reactions* M. Kidwai Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India Abstract: Dry media reaction under microwaves
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews
esearch article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279 0543 International Journal of Scientific esearch and eviews ecent Advances in ate Acceleration of Baylis-Hillman eaction Dandamudi V. Lenin* School
More informationCHM 320 Laboratory Projects Spring, 2009
M 320 Laboratory Projects Spring, 2009 I. Enantioselective Reduction of Benzofuran-2-yl Methyl Ketone using Enzymes from arrots. Typically, the reduction of an unsymmetrical, achiral ketone with a hydride
More informationStudies on Heck and Suzuki Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium(0) and Wacker- Type Oxidative Cyclization Catalyzed by Palladium(II)
Studies on eck and Suzuki Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium(0) and Wacker- Type xidative Cyclization Catalyzed by Palladium() Zuhui Zhang enmark Group Meeting 10/21/2008 1 Part ne: Palladium(0)-Catalyzed
More informationDipyridine copper chloride catalyzed coumarin synthesis via Pechmann condensation under conventional heating and microwave irradiation
Dipyridine copper chloride catalyzed coumarin synthesis via Pechmann condensation under conventional heating and microwave irradiation B. Rajitha a,* V. Naveen Kumar a, P. Someshwar a, J. Venu Madhav a,
More informationSPECIAL ISSUE FOR INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES & CHALLENGES"
INTENATIONAL JOUNAL OF PUE AND APPLIED ESEACH IN ENGINEEING AND TECHNOLOGY A PATH FO HOIZING YOU INNOVATIVE WOK SPECIAL ISSUE FO INTENATIONAL CONFEENCE ON INNOVATIONS IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: OPPOTUNITIES
More informationFunctionalization of C(sp 3 ) H Bonds Using a Transient Directing Group
Literature eport Functionalization of C(sp 3 ) Bonds Using a Transient Directing Group eporter: Mu-Wang Chen Checker: Yue Ji Date: 2016-04-05 Yu, J.-Q. et al. Science 2016, 351, 252-256. Scripps esearch
More informationStille-type cross coupling reactions with tetraalkynyl stannanes
Stille-type cross coupling reactions with tetraalkynyl stannanes Andrey S. Levashov,* Dmitriy S. Buriy, Valeriy V. Konshin and Alexey A. Andreev (deceased) Kuban State University, 149 Stavropolskaya Str.,
More informationCLEAN AND EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF N-ARYL AND N-ALKYL SUCCINIMIDES IN SUB-CRITICAL WATER
CLEA AD EFFICIET SYTHESIS F -ARYL AD -ALKYL SUCCIIMIDES I SUB-CRITICAL WATER Serkan Faruk Alpman, Serkan Koldaş and Elife Sultan Giray* Chemistry Department, Art&Science Faculty, Cukurova University 01330
More informationDesign for Environment : Green Chemistry Principles for Product Design
Design for Environment : Green Chemistry Principles for Product Design ecologic Technologies Ltd We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive. Transforming industrial
More informationGreen Chemistry & Engineering for Pharmacuetical Industry Impact of Process Research / Route Scouting towards the Environment during API Life Cycle
Green Chemistry & Engineering for Pharmacuetical Industry Impact of Process Research / Route Scouting towards the Environment during API Life Cycle Dhileep Krishnamurthy, Ph.D. Outline Introduction Green
More informationMelamine trisulfonic acid catalyzed regioselective nitration of aromatic compounds under solvent-free conditions
J. Iranian Chem. Res. 5 (3) (2012) 155-159 ISSN 2008-1030 lamine trisulfonic acid catalyzed regioselective nitration of aromatic compounds under solvent-free conditions Jalal Albadi *,a, Farhad Shirini
More informationNew Catalysts for Reductive Amination
ew Catalysts for eductive Amination - Ver.4 - From a carbonyl compound, -PA4 -PA2 a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine are easily and conveniently synthesized in a one-pot synthesis ew
More informationMicrowave-promoted synthesis in water
Microwave-promoted synthesis in water icholas E. Leadbeater nicholas.leadbeater@uconn.edu Outline of what we do Synthesis / Methodology / ew techniques Pure organic synthesis eg. Baylis-Hillman eaction
More informationCatalysis a Key to Sustainability Matthias Beller
Catalysis a Key to Sustainability Matthias Beller Catalysis is the science of accelerating chemical transformations. In general, readily available starting materials are converted to form more complex
More informationOrganic Chemistry Laboratory Summer Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July
344 Organic Chemistry Laboratory Summer 2013 Lecture 6 Transition metal organometallic chemistry and catalysis July 30 2013 Summary of Grignard lecture Organometallic chemistry - the chemistry of compounds
More informationChiral Brønsted Acid Catalysis
Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysis Aryl Aryl Aryl Aryl S CF 3 2 P Fe CF 3 CF 3 2 Jack Liu ov. 16, 2004 CF 3 Introduction Chiral Brønsted acid catalysis in nature: enzymes and peptides Chiral Brønsted acid
More informationWater as Organocatalysis
Water as Organocatalysis Nam Nguyen A10211327 Chem 151 Water is the most abundant substance on earth and an attractive sustainable resource for many applications. In fact, water is the most commonly used
More informationProcess & quality Green chemistry
Process & quality Green chemistry 48 q&more 01.14 Water instead of mineral oil Innovation in chiral catalysis A milestone for the pharmaceutical industry Dipl.-Ing. Sonja Jost and Dr-Ing. Henriette Nowothnick,
More informationummary Manipulating Radicals
Manipulating Radicals ummary Modern catalysis research tries to address issues such as material scarcity, sustainability or process costs. One solution is to replace expensive and scarce noble metal catalysts
More informationNegishi Coupling of Secondary Alkylzinc Halides with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides
Negishi Coupling of Secondary Alkylzinc alides with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides X X = Br, Cl 2 1 ZnBr 1, 2 = Alkyl Cat. Pd(OAc) 2 Ligand TF/Toluene rt or 60 o C 1 2 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, ASAP Article
More informationGreen Oxidations with Tungsten Catalysts. by Mike Kuszpit Michigan State University
Green xidations with Tungsten Catalysts by Mike Kuszpit Michigan State University xidations in rganic Chemistry [] [] R 1 R 1 R 1 [] R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 [] R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 [] R 1 R 2 Essential as building
More informationToward Greener Production of Nanomaterials: Lessons from Functionalized Nanoparticle Synthesis
Toward Greener Production of Nanomaterials: Lessons from Functionalized Nanoparticle Synthesis Jim Hutchison Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon Director, ONAMI Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing
More information"-Amino Acids: Function and Synthesis
"-Amino Acids: Function and Synthesis # Conformations of "-Peptides # Biological Significance # Asymmetric Synthesis Sean Brown MacMillan Group eting ovember 14, 2001 Lead eferences: Cheng,. P.; Gellman,
More informationTriethylamine: an efficient N-base catalyst for synthesis of annulated uracil derivativies in aqueous ethanol
ISS : 2028-2508 DE: JMES Triethylamine: an efficient -base catalyst for synthesis of annulated uracil derivativies in aqueous ethanol Ajmal. Bhat 1, upali S. Selokar 1, Jyotsna S. Meshram 1-2, ajendra
More informationMicrowave Irradiation
Microwave Irradiation Way to Eco-friendly, Green Chemistry Rashmi Sanghi This article highlights with examples, the usefulness of microwaves for carrying out a 'variety of organic transformations Introduction
More informationGreen Chemistry: A Greener Clean
Green Chemistry: A Greener Clean Chicago ACS Chemistry Day Mary Kirchhoff Green Chemistry Institute What is Green Chemistry? Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce
More informationNitration Ortho Dihydroxyl Benzene (Catechol) Using Bismuth Nitrate on the Solid Phase Montmorillonite
International Journal of New Chemistry, 2016, 2 (7), 234-238. Published online January 2015 in http://www.ijnc.ir/. Original Article Online ISSN 2383-188X Open Access Nitration Ortho Dihydroxyl Benzene
More informationIncontro per l orientamento alla tesi sperimentale
Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Chimica e Tecnologia del armaco Corso di Laurea Magistrale in armacia Incontro per l orientamento alla tesi sperimentale Prof.ssa Daniela Lanari 22 ovembre 2017, Aula A via
More informationNovel Synthesis of 5-Substituted-Tetrazoles
ovel Synthesis of 5-Substituted-Tetrazoles The AMPAC-GaTech Partnership fosters research aimed at opening and developing new avenues and compounds that fit the American Pacific Corporation (AMPAC) s potential
More informationAtom Economy in Drug Synthesis is a Playground of Functional Groups
American Journal of Advanced Drug Delivery www.ajadd.co.uk Atom Economy in Drug Synthesis is a Playground of Functional Groups Kartik R. Patel*, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen and Viraj P. Jatakiya Review Article
More informationThe Erlenmeyer synthesis with a thioazlactone
The Erlenmeyer synthesis with a thioazlactone Sosale Chandrasekhar* and Malempati Srimannarayana Department of rganic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India E-mail: sosale@orgchem.iisc.ernet.in
More informationStudent Manual for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Using a Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst System
Student Manual for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Using a Copper(I)/TEMPO Catalyst System icholas J. Hill, Jessica M. Hoover and Shannon S. Stahl* Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101
More informationChapter 20. Amines. Nomenclature for amines. Aryl amines
Nomenclature for amines Chapter 20 Common names are widely used, named as alkylamines Systematic (IUPAC) nomenclature replaces the -e of the corresponding parent alkane with -amine Amines Simple secondary
More informationONE-POT SYNTHESES USING CARBONYL COMPOUNDS CATALYZED BY CE(III) SUPPORTED ON A WEAKLY ACIDIC CATION-EXCHANGER RESIN
NE-PT SYNTESES USING CABNYL CMPUNDS CATALYZED BY CE(III) SUPPTED N A WEAKLY ACIDIC CATIN-EXCANGE ESIN Eva avránková, Pavel Pazdera* *E-mail: pazdera@chemi.muni.cz, havrankovae@gmail.com Centre for Syntheses
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF COPPER APATITE CATALYST FOR C-C AND C-N BOND FORMATIONS
i DEVELPMET F CPPE APATITE CATALYST F C-C AD C- BD FMATIS The thesis mainly deals with the development of copper-fluorapatite catalyst obtained by incorporating basic species F - in apatite in situ by
More informationFriedel-Crafts Alkylation
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Summary: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction proceeds similarly to the acylation reaction, but uses an alkyl halide to attach an alkyl group to an aromatic ring. Anhydrous
More informationPolysaccharide-Based Materials
Titolo presentazione sottotitolo Polysaccharide-Based Materials OSCMLab LaboratoryMilano, of Organic XX Synthesis, mese 20XXCatalysis, and Materials Carlo Punta Department of Chemistry, Materials, and
More informationSpiro Monophosphite and Monophosphoramidite Ligand Kit
Spiro Monophosphite and Monophosphoramidite Ligand Kit metals inorganics organometallics catalysts ligands custom synthesis cgm facilities nanomaterials 15-5162 15-5150 15-5156 15-5163 15-5151 15-5157
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Highly Cross-Linked Imidazolium Salts Entrapped Magnetic Particles Preparation and Applications Paola Agrigento, a Matthias Josef Beier, b Jesper T. N. Knijnenburg, c Alfons Baiker
More informationAn Eco-friendly Route to Synthesis of Quinolines
An Eco-friendly Route to Synthesis of Quinolines A.D. Mishra Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, P.N. Campus, Pokhara, Nepal E-mail: mishraad05@hotmail.com Abstract Some 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-
More informationMohammad G. Dekamin,* Zahra Mokhtari
ighly Efficient Three-Component Strecker-Type Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones Using TMS Catalyzed by Recyclable and eterogeneous Mesoporous B-MCM-41 Mohammad G. Dekamin,* Zahra Mokhtari Pharmaceutical
More informationTitle. Author(s)Ishiyama, Tatsuo; Itoh, Yoshiya; Kitano, Takahiro; M. CitationTetrahedron Letters, 38(19): Issue Date
Title Synthesis of arylboronates via the palladium(0)-cata triflates Author(s)Ishiyama, Tatsuo; Itoh, Yoshiya; Kitano, Takahiro; M CitationTetrahedron Letters, 38(19): 3447-3450 Issue Date 1997-05-12 Doc
More informationTips for taking exams in 852
Comprehensive Tactical Methods in rganic Synthesis W. D. Wulff 1) Know the relative reactivity of carbonyl compounds Tips for taking exams in 852 Cl > > ' > > ' N2 eg: 'Mg Et ' 1equiv. 1equiv. ' ' Et 50%
More informationHighlights of Schmidt Reaction in the Last Ten Years
ighlights of Schmidt eaction in the Last Ten Years Dendrobates histrionicus Jack Liu ov. 18, 2003 Introduction Classical Schmidt reaction of aldehydes and carboxylic acids Classical Schmidt reaction of
More informationAtovaquone: An Antipneumocystic Agent
Atovaquone: An Antipneumocystic Agent Atovaquone is a pharmaceutical compound marketed in the United States under different combinations to prevent and treat pneumocystosis and malaria. In a report from
More informationChiral Ionic Liquids (CILs) in Asymmetric Synthesis: The story so far.
Chiral Ionic Liquids (CILs) in Asymmetric Synthesis: The story so far. Literature Presentation Aman Desai 06.16.06 1. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3689 2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3093 3. Tetrahedron:
More informationDesign and Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazoles and Analogues of Potential Anthelmintic Activity
Mansoura University Pharm. Organic. Chem. Dept. Design and Synthesis of ovel Benzimidazoles and Analogues of Potential Anthelmintic Activity Thesis Presented By Basem Awad Mansour Mohamed B. Pharm. Sci.,
More informationThe E factor, Pollution Prevention & Reaction Efficiency. Roger A. Sheldon Delft University of Technology
The E factor, Pollution Prevention & Reaction Efficiency Roger A. Sheldon Delft University of Technology r.a.sheldon@tudelft.nl r.sheldon@clea.nl 1 The E factor, Pollution Prevention & Reaction Efficiency
More informationApplication of Aspects of Green Chemistry on Pharmaceutical Analysis
Application of Aspects of Green Chemistry on Pharmaceutical Analysis Thesis Presented for the fulfillment of the degree of Ph.D. In Pharmaceutical Sciences (Analytical Chemistry) BY SamahSabrySaadAbd El-Latif
More informationElectronegativity Scale F > O > Cl, N > Br > C, H
Organic Chem Chapter 12 Alkanes Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon has several properties that are worth discussing: Tetravalent Always forms 4 bonds Can form multiple bonds (double
More informationA Novel Approach of Using NBS as an Effective and Convenient Oxidizing Agent for Various Compounds a Survey
Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Vol.8(1), 59-65, January 2018 (An International Research Journal), www.chemistry-journal.org ISSN 2229-760X (Print) ISSN 2319-7625 (Online) A Novel Approach
More informationSCREENING OF N,N-BIDENTATE PYRIDINE-BASED LIGANDS IN COPPER AND PALLADIUM CATALYSED REACTIONS MAURIZIO SOLINAS
SCREEIG OF,-BIDETATE PYRIDIE-BASED LIGADS I COPPER AD PALLADIUM CATALYSED REACTIOS MAURIZIO SOLIAS ITRO: Green Chemistry Principle #9 Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible) are superior to stoichiometric
More informationEnvironmentally Friendly Routes for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols Setrak K. Tanielyan and Robert L. Augustine
Environmentally Friendly Routes for the Selective xidation of Alcohols Setrak K. Tanielyan and Robert L. Augustine Center for Applied Catalysis Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Seton all University
More informationExperiment 2 Solvent-free Aldol Condensation between 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 1-indanone
Experiment 2 Solvent-free Aldol Condensation between 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 1-indanone Chemical Concepts Carbonyl chemistry, base catalyzed aldol reaction, melting point, recrystallization Green
More informationNICKEL ACETATE AS EFFICIENT ORGANOMETALLIC CATALYST FOR SYNTHESIS OF BIS (INDOLYL) METHANES
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 1(2), 2015, 857-862 ISS 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com ICKEL ACETATE AS EFFICIET ORGAOMETALLIC CATALYST FOR SYTESIS OF BIS (IDOLYL) METAES VISVAAT D. PATIL *, KETA P. PATIL,
More informationSuzuki coupling reactions catalyzed by poly(n-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium) bromide stabilized palladium nanoparticles in aqueous solution
express Polymer Letters Vol.2, No.4 (2008) 251 255 Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.30 Suzuki coupling reactions catalyzed by poly(n-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium)
More informationGreen Chemistry: Principle and its Application
Green Chemistry: Principle and its Application Mohd Wahid Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India Faizan Ahmad * Department of Post arvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty
More informationChapter 2 Sulfur Dioxide Surrogates
Chapter 2 Sulfur Dioxide Surrogates Abstract The most significant driving force in the field of sulfur dioxide insertion has been the development of safe and bench-stable sulfur dioxide surrogates. To
More informationAbstracts. p69. Keywords: C-H activation palladium catalysts arylation arenes polycyclic compounds biaryls natural products
I 1.1.1 Arylation Using a Palladium(0) Catalyst F. S. Melkonyan and V. Gevorgyan p5 The palladium(0)-catalyzed C- arylation reaction is one of the pioneering transformations in C- activation chemistry
More informationMild and Efficient Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols Using NiO 2 /Silica Gel System (Solvent Free)
ISSN: 0973-4945; CDEN ECJA E- Chemistry http://www.e-journals.net 2011, 8(2), 491-494 Mild and Efficient xidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols Using Ni 2 /Silica Gel System (Solvent Free) MAMMAD KTI
More informationOrganic Cumulative Exam April 26, 2018
rganic Cumulative Exam April, 0 Answer only three of the five questions. o more than three question answers will be graded and any work not to be considered must be clearly marked as such. Clearly indicate
More informationMetalloporphyrin. ~as efficient Lewis acid catalysts with a unique reaction-field~ and. ~Synthetic study toward complex metalloporphyrins~
Metalloporphyrin ~as efficient Lewis acid catalysts with a unique reaction-field~ and ~Synthetic study toward complex metalloporphyrins~ Literature Seminar Kenta Saito (D1) 1 Topics Chapter 1 ~as efficient
More informationMechanistic Implications in the Morita Baylis Hillman Alkylation: Isolation and Characterization of an Intermediate
Mechanistic Implications in the Morita Baylis Hillman Alkylation: Isolation and Characterization of an Intermediate M. E. Krafft,* T. F. N. Haxell, K. A. Seibert, and K. A. Abboud Department of Chemistry
More informationWater as the Green Media for the Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives
Journal of Applied Chemical Research, 9,, 97-102 (2015) Journal of Applied Chemical Research www.jacr.kiau.ac.ir Water as the Green Media for the Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives Rokhsar Pahlavan,
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION
SUPPRTING INFRMATIN A Direct, ne-step Synthesis of Condensed Heterocycles: A Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Approach Farnaz Jafarpour and Mark Lautens* Davenport Chemical Research Laboratories, Chemistry
More informationMicrowave promoted novel synthesis of indenols catalyzed by SiO 2 in dry media
Microwave promoted novel synthesis of indenols catalyzed by Si in dry media P. Bhaskar eddy, Parvinder Pal Singh,, Sanghapal D. Sawant, S. Koul, S. C. Taneja, and H. M. Sampath Kumar* Synthetic Chemistry
More informationThe version of SI posted May 6, 2004 contained errors. The correct version was posted October 21, 2004.
The version of SI posted May 6, 2004 contained errors. The correct version was posted October 21, 2004. Sterically Bulky Thioureas as Air and Moisture Stable Ligands for Pd-Catalyzed Heck Reactions of
More informationUse of Cp 2 TiCl in Synthesis
Use of 2 TiCl in Synthesis eagent Control of adical eactions Jeff Kallemeyn May 21, 2002 eactions of 2 TiCl 1. Pinacol Coupling H H H 2. Epoxide pening H H E H Chemoselectivity Activated aldehydes (aromatic,
More informationDoctor of Philosophy
STUDIES ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION BEHAVIOUR OF SOME AMINO ACID SURFACTANT ADDITIVES ABSTRACT SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN APPLIED CHEMISTRY By MOSARRAT PARVEEN UNDER
More informationSelective monomethylation reactions of methylene-active compounds with dimethylcarbonate. An example of clean synthesis*
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 72, No. 9, pp. 1793 1797, 2000. 2000 IUPAC Selective monomethylation reactions of methylene-active compounds with dimethylcarbonate. An example of clean synthesis* Pietro Tundo Department
More informationOrganometallic Compounds of Magnesium *
OpenStax-CNX module: m32494 1 Organometallic Compounds of Magnesium * Andrew R. Barron This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 While beryllium
More informationCatalytic Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Quinine and Quinidine
Catalytic Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Quinine and Quinidine 8 7 9 2 1 3 4 6 5 7 9 8 2 1 3 4 6 5 Quinine Zhensheng Ding Quinidine January 22 2004 Chinese ew Year Day 1. Jacobsen, E.,. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
More informationRecent advances in transition metal-catalyzed or -mediated cyclization of 2,3-allenoic acids: New methodologies for the synthesis of butenolides*
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 651 656, 2004. 2004 IUPAC Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed or -mediated cyclization of 2,3-allenoic acids: New methodologies for the synthesis of butenolides*
More informationIron Catalysed Coupling Reactions
LONG LITERATURE REPORT Iron Catalysed Coupling Reactions Mingyu Liu 2017. 8. 31 1 Fe [Ar]3d 6 4s 2 The fourth most common element in the Earth s crust Relatively less understanding and manipulation of
More information