The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
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1 The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry By Ball, Hill and Scott Download PDF at Page 5 Chapter 1 Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement 1.1 What is chemistry (including scientific method) Classification of matter Measurements Scientific notation Significant figures 39 Using sig fig in calculations SI system of units Converting between units Chapter summary 78 Chapter 2 Elements, Atoms, and the Periodic Table The elements Atomic theory Structure of atoms Nuclei of atoms Atomic masses Arrangement of electrons Periodic table Chapter summary 145 Chapter 3 Ionic Bonding and Simple Ionic Compounds Two types of bonding Ions Formulas for ionic compounds Ionic nomenclature Formula mass Chapter summary 200 Chapter 4 Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Compounds Covalent bonds Covalent compounds: formulas and names Multiple covalent bonds Characteristics of covalent bonds (includes electronegativity an polarity) Characteristics of molecules (includes VSEPR and molecular shape) Introduction to organic chemistry Chapter summary 267 Chapter 5 Introduction to Chemical Reactions Law of conservation of matter Chemical equations Quantitative Relationships Based on Chemical Equations Some Types of Chemical Reactions
2 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions Redox reactions in organic chemistry and biochemistry End of chapter material, summary 309 Chapter 6 Quantities in Chemical Reactions The mole Atomic and molecular masses Mole-mass conversions Mole-mole relationships in chemical reactions Mole-mass and mass-mass problems End of chapter material, summary 349 Chapter 7 Energy and Chemical Processes Energy and its units Heat 362 Phase Changes 368 Bond energies and chemical reactions 375 The energy of biochemical reactions 378 Chapter summary 384 Chapter 8 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Intermolecular interactions Solids and liquids Gases and pressure Gas laws Chapter summary 427 Chapter 9 Solutions Solutions Concentrations The dissolution process Properties of a solution Chapter summary 477 Chapter 10 Acids and Bases Arrhenius definition of acids and bases Brønsted-Lowery definition of acids and bases Water: both and acid and a base The strengths of acids and bases Buffers Chapter summary 520 Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity Half-life Units of radioactivity Uses of radioactive isotopes Nuclear energy
3 Chapter summary 561 Chapter 12 Organic chemistry: Alkanes and halogenated hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry Structures and names of alkanes Branched-chain alkanes Condensed structural and line-angle formulas IUPAC nomenclature Physical properties of alkanes Chemical properties of alkanes Halogenated hydrocarbons Cycloalkanes Chapter summary 621 Chapter 13 Unsaturated and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Alkenes: Structures and names Cis-Trans isomers (geometric isomers) Physical properties of alkenes Chemical properties of alkenes Polymers Alkynes Aromatic compounds: benzene Structure and nomenclature of aromatic compounds Chapter summary 683 Chapter 14 Organic Compounds of Oxygen Organic compounds with functional groups Alcohols: Nomenclature and classification Physical properties of alcohols Reactions that form alcohols Reactions of alcohols Glycols and Glycerol Phenols Ethers Aldehydes and ketones: Structure and names Properties of aldehydes and ketones Organic sulfur compounds Chapter summary 765 Chapter 15 Organic Acids and Bases and Some of their Derivatives Functional groups of the carboxylic acids and their derivatives Carboxylic acids: Structures and names Formation of carboxylic acids Physical properties of carboxylic acids Chemical properties of carboxylic acids: Ionization and neutralization Esters: Structures and names Physical properties of esters Preparation of esters
4 Hydrolysis of esters Esters of phosphoric acid Amines: Structures and names Physical properties of amines Amines as bases Amides: Structures and names Physical properties of amides Formation of amides Chemical properties of amides and hydrolysis Chapter summary 857 Chapter 16 Carbohydrates 923 Chapter 17 Lipids 977 Chapter 18 Amino acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Properties of amino acids Reactions of amino acids Peptides Proteins Enzymes Enzyme action Enzyme activity Enzyme inhibition Enzyme cofactors and vitamins Chapter summary 1060 Chapter 19 Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Nucleic acid structure Replication and expression of genetic information Protein synthesis and the genetic code Viruses Chapter summary 1120 Chapter 20 Energy Metabolism 1201 Chapter 21 Appendix: Periodic Table of the Elements
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