What is Tandem Mass Spectrometry? (MS/MS)
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1 What is Tandem Mass Spectrometry? (MS/MS) Activate MS1 MS2 Gas Surface Photons Electrons
2
3 Major difference between MS and MS/MS: two analysis steps Ionization Analysis MS: Collide with target to produce fragments MS/MS: Ionization Selection Activation Analysis
4 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Widely Used Tool Many Instrument Types Many Applications
5 Why/when is MS/MS used? Why hook two mass analyzers together?
6 MS/MS is chemically selective -provides structural information on individual components of mixtures
7 Newborn Screening by MS/MS Currently, Neo Gen Screening monitors more than 60 chemical and chemical relationships in a single test. Tandem Mass Spectrometry measures these indicators or markers in a typical 2- minute run.
8 Proteomics Enzyme HPLC MS Proteins Peptide m/z Protein 1 Protein 2 SIYDGK FWSEFR TLLHPYK Peptide Sequence MS/MS
9 MS/MS often produces different spectra for isomers isomer distinction CH 3 CH 2 OH +.. CH 2 CH 2 OH 2 + Wysocki, Kenttamaa JACS 1990, 112,
10 isomer distinction not! EIMS
11 isomer distinction MS/MS
12 MS/MS or MS n provides fragmentation of cold ions -ions that do not gain enough energy to fragment in the ionization process
13 Why MS/MS? mixture analysis, select each ion isomer distinction cold ionization methods provide limited energy to ion, no fragments
14 Reasons to understand MS/MS No ideal MS/MS exists Knowledge of differences and reasons for differences allows for Choice of proper instrument Proper interpretation of results Knowledge of limitations can lead to improved instruments or new approaches to solve problems
15 How is MS/MS accomplished? MS1 Activate MS2 Gas Surface Photons (UV or IR) Electrons
16 The activation step in MS/MS is actually two steps: Activation Unimolecular dissociation
17 Simulation of Two-Step Process Hase Lab, Texas Tech
18 Two-step Process: activation + unimolecular dissociation Internal energy distribution Molecule: Different reaction pathways Energy dependent rate constants: k(e)=ν ([E-E 0 ]/E) s-1 (overly simplified) Instrument Configuration: Time for reaction
19
20 How is MS/MS accomplished? Activate MS1 MS2 Tandem-in-space (distinct analyzers) Tandem-in-time (trapping instrument)
21
22 Tandem in Space Triple quadrupole Collisions with gas
23 Tandem in Space Triple quadrupole Collisions with gas
24 Tandem in Space Orbitrap (Q/collision cell/orbitrap) Collide with gas Mass select Analyze m/z Ionize
25 Quadrupole ion trap Tandem in time
26 Tandem in Time MS/MS T1 T2 T3 Collisions with gas msec dissociation
27 MSn
28 Current MS/MS instruments Tandem in Time (Trapping) QIT, LIT Tandem in Space QqQ QqLIT QqTOF TOF TOF Trap-Orbi, Q-Orbi, Q-ICR
29 Activation Methods Post Source Decay (PSD) - MALDI instruments Collision Induced Dissociation (CID) low energy (ev) high energy (kev) single collision multiple collisions Sustained Off-Resonance Irradiation (SORI) Resonance Excitation (RE) Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation (IRMPD) Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD) Surface-Induced Dissociation (SID) Blackbody Infrared Radiative Dissociation (BIRD) 29
30 Electron Capture Dissociation [M + nh] n+ + e - [[ M + nh] (n-1)+ ]* fragments 30
31 or or z ion c ion Cooper H J, Håkansson H, Marshall A G, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2005, 24,
32 Comparison of ECD and SORI-CAD in FTICR c and z ion series c 3 + c 2 + c 4 + c 5 + c 6 + c 8 + c 9 + c 10 + no loss of water, phosphate groups or phosphoric acid y 2 + y 4 + b 7 + b 9 + b 10 + Stensballe, et al. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2000, 14,
33 Cleave Peptide Bonds without Cleaving Sugar 33 Cooper H J, Håkansson H, Marshall A G, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2005, 24,
34 ECD for Peptide Bonds, IRMPD for Sugar ECD IRMPD Cooper H J, Håkansson H, Marshall A G, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2005, 24,
35 Why are there so many MS/MS instrument types? Many ionization sources Many mass analyzers Sort by mass/charge with different resolution, different mass accuracy, different time frames for dissociation Many applications
36 Figures taken from several web sites and publications including: as noted on figures plus (not active) (not active) Edmond de Hoffmann JMS, 1996, 31, Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Primer
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