Cellular Respiration. The mechanism of creating cellular energy. Thursday, 11 October, 12

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1 Cellular Respiration The mechanism of creating cellular energy

2 What do we know??

3 What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy

4 What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy Grade 10 - glu. + O2 --> CO2 + H20 + E

5 What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy Grade 10 - glu. + O2 --> CO2 + H20 + E Grade 11 - glycolysis, krebs, ETC

6 What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy Grade 10 - glu. + O2 --> CO2 + H20 + E Grade 11 - glycolysis, krebs, ETC Grade 12-2 weeks of cellular respiration

7 What do we know?? Grade 5 - Food --> Energy Grade 10 - glu. + O2 --> CO2 + H20 + E Grade 11 - glycolysis, krebs, ETC Grade 12-2 weeks of cellular respiration 3rd Year University - the metabolic map

8 Overall 4 Stages in CR Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

9 The Big Picture We eat food (yummy), digest & absorb certain macromolecules (ie. carbs, lipids, proteins & nucleic acids) and your body sends these molecules through a series of chemical reactions to make ATP (cellular energy).

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12 evolution

13 Lets go to Glycolysis

14 Glycolysis A 6 C Glucose is converted to (2) 3-C Pyruvates Creates 2 ATP (net) and 2 NADH and 2 H20 Anaerobic Respiration

15

16

17 NADH & FADH 2 Co-enzymes of redox reactions Accepts high energy electrons They carry these electrons to the Electron Transport Chain where they give up these electrons to make more energy Intermediate energy carriers

18 What does the Postman Do??

19 What does the Postman Do?? He (or she) carry the mail between the sender and the receiver.

20 What does the Postman Do?? He (or she) carry the mail between the sender and the receiver. NADH is like the mailman, it carries e- from the sender (certain reactions) to the receiver (other reactions).

21

22 Pyruvate Oxidation Co-A (a co-enzyme) is added to the pyruvate molecule to make Acetyl Co-A Occurs twice!! A transport protein is used to shuttle it into the mitochondria NADH is created, a CO2 is lost, co-a is added

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28 To Do Right Now Read pg & Sketch a Mitochondria Go thru Krebs

29 Krebs Cycle Two turns of the cycle per 1 glucose Acetyl Co-A (2C) adds to a OAA (4C) producing a 6C citrate (aka citric acid cycle) Oxidized (to NAD+, FAD+) and releases 2 CO2 to produce OAA again

30 Recall:

31 Recall: Glucose Pyruvate Pyruvate

32 Recall: Glucose Pyruvate Pyruvate Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle

33 To Do Right Now Make Models and quick notes of the Krebs Reactions.

34 Krebs Cycle cont. Per Turn Acetyl Co-A molecule makes: 1ATP (substrate phosphorylation) 3 NADH (to ETC) 1 FADH2 (to ETC) 2 CO2 molecules are released Overall 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2, and 4 CO2 are released (two turns per glucose)

35 The Electron Transport Chain On the Inner Membrane of the Mitochondria Increase SA because folded membrane called Cristae Embedded Proteins serve as carriers images/mitochondria.jpg

36 Electron Transport Chain cont. NADH and FADH2 deliver their high energy electrons The electrons get passed from one embedded protein to another (redox reactions)

37 Electron Transport Chain O2 serves as terminal electron acceptor (with 2H+, 2e-, forming H20) Why O2? 1) high electronegativity 2) high abundance in atmosphere

38 Protein Complexes NADH delivers to NADH Reductase and FADH2 delivers to Coenzyme Q Through the Cytochrome B/C Complex Deposited to Cytochrome Oxidase where O2 is reduced to form water

39 Protein Complexes 3 main protein complexes in ETC pump H+ into intermembrane space They use electrons energy to pump the H+ Creates an electrochemical gradient Organized from lowest to highest electronegativity

40 Fig. 19 pg 104

41 Oxidative Phosphorylation Most ATP generated this way ATP Sythase uses electrochemical gradient of H+ to create ATP CHEMIOSMOSIS = ATP from this gradient

42

43 On Your Own 2.2 (pg ) Substrate vs. Oxidative Phosphorylation Summary (pg. 113 & 114) pg. 115 Q # 1-6, 9-13, 14bcd, 15, 16,

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