Pharmaceutical Analysis of API and Counter Ions in Complex Formulations in a Single Injection

Transcription

1 Pharmaceutical Analysis of API and Counter Ions in Complex Formulations in a Single Injection Matthew Neely Pittcon Conference & Expo 2014 March 2-6, The world leader in serving science

2 Outline Challenges in pharmaceutical analysis Mixed-mode chromatography overview Mixed-mode chromatography for pharmaceutical analysis API and counter ions Thermo Scientific Dionex Corona Veo Charged Aerosol Detector Near universal, mass sensitive detector for routine LC determinations of any non-volatile and many semi-volatile analytes Ion-Count Solutions Unmatched performance for counter ion analysis by dedicated column technology, unique charged aerosol detection and established Thermo Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC technology Summary 2

3 Challenges in Pharmaceutical Analysis Pharmaceutical molecules are highly diverse: hydrophobicity, charge, size, etc. Most drug candidates are highly polar; many have poor chromophores. Reversed-phase columns (e.g. C18) the work horse Not suited for highly hydrophilic analytes Hydrophilic interaction (HILIC)/normal phase (NP) the solution? Solubility challenge Sample matrix effect Method ruggedness Ion exchange chromatography good for charged analytes Lack of retention for neutral analytes Lack of selectivity for analytes with same charge Possible solution 3

4 Mixed-Mode Chromatography Definition Hydrophobic interaction + ion-exchange interaction Benefits Adjustable selectivity Simplified mobile phase (no ion-pairing reagents) Simultaneous separation of different types of analytes Types Anion-exchange/reversed-phase (AEX/RP) Cation-exchange/reversed-phase (CEX/RP) Anion-exchange/cation-exchange/reversed-phase (AEX/CEX/RP) 4

5 RP/IEX Bimodal Mixed-Mode Columns Mixed beads Mixed ligands Single ligand (embedded) Single ligand (tipped) Silica Gel Silica Gel Silica Gel Ion-exchange Reversed-phase 5

6 RP/AEX/CEX Trimodal Mixed-Mode Columns Mixed beads Single ligand (amphoteric) Nanopolymer Silica Hybrid (NSH) CEX RP/AEX Silica Gel Cation-exchange Silica Gel Silica Gel Anion-exchange 6

7 Acclaim Trinity P1 and P2 Columns Nanopolymer Silica Hybrid (NSH) technology Thermo Scientific Acclaim Trinity P1 Column RP / WCX / WAX Monovalent ions Higher hydrophobicity Acclaim Trinity P2 Column HILIC / WCX / SAX Multivalent ions Higher hydrophilicity 7

8 Acclaim Trinity P1 vs. P2 Columns Attributes Acclaim Trinity P1 Column Acclaim Trinity P2 Column Column chemistry Retention mechanism Counter ions RP/WAX/SCX Nanopolymer Silica Hybrid Technology (NSH) High resolution for mono-valent ions. Some capability for multivalent ions HILIC/SAX/WCX Most suitable for general screening of a broad range of ions (both mono- and multi-valents) Simultaneous determination of API and counter ions Generally good for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic APIs and respective counter ions Good for hydrophilic APIs and counter ions Other applications Generally applicable to any applications that involve ionic analytes, including both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ionics, and hydrophobic neutrals Potential solution for any hydrophilic molecules, neutral or ionic, such as sugars 8

9 Challenge: API and Counter Ions Salt formation is important in drug development 50% of all drugs are formulated as salt forms Challenges RP: little or no retention for counter ion; little to adequate retention for API IEX: need both AEX and CEX columns HILIC: limited use Solution Acclaim Trinity P1 column RP/AEX/CEX trimodal phase Acclaim Trinity P2 column HILIC/WCX/SAX trimodal phase Designed for API and counter ion analysis 9

10 Pharmaceutical-Related Anions and Cations Trinity P1 Column 300 mv Column: Acclaim Trinity P1, 3 µm Dimensions: mm Mobile Phase: 60/40 v/v CH 3 CN/20 mm (total) NH 4 OAc, ph5 Temperature: 30 C Flow Rate: 0.5 ml/min Inj. Volume: 2 µl Detection: Thermo Scientific Dionex Corona ultra (Gain = 100 pa; Filter = med; Neb Temp = 30 C) Peaks: Minutes 8 (50 to 100 ppm) 1. Choline 2. Tromethamine 3. Sodium 4. Potassium 5. Meglumine 6. Mesylate 7. Nitrate 8. Chloride 9. Bromide 10. Iodide 10

11 Pharmaceutical-Related Anions and Cations Trinity P2 Column 1.8 pa Minutes Column: Acclaim Trinity P2, 3 µm Dimensions: 3.0 x 50 mm Mobile Phase: D.I. water and 100 mm NH 4 OFm, ph 3.65 Temperature: 30 C Flow Rate: 0.60 ml/min Inj. Volume: 1 µl Detection: Corona Veo Samples: mg/ml each in D.I. water Peaks: Gradient: 1. Phosphate 2. Sodium 3. Potassium 4. Chloride 5. Malate 6. Bromide 7. Nitrate 8. Citrate 9. Fumarate 10. Sulfate 11. Magnesium 12. Calcium Time (min) H 2 O 0.1 M Ammonium formate, ph

12 Naproxen Sodium Trinity P1 Column 1000 mv 1 t ml/min ONa 0.6 ml/min Column: Acclaim Trinity P1, 3 µm Dimensions: 3.0 x 50 mm Mobile Phase: 80/20 v/v CH 3 CN/20 mm (total) NH 4 OAc, ph5 Temperature: 30 C Flow Rate: 0.6 and 2.0 ml/min Inj. Volume: 2.5 µl Detection: Corona ultra (Gain = 100pA; Filter = med; Neb Temp = 30 C) Sample: Na, Naproxen (0.2 mg/ml in mobile phase) Peaks: 1. Na + 2. Naproxen 1 2 t Minutes 12

13 API and Counter-Ions in Adderall Trinity P2 Column 20 mau 0 20 pa UV Charged aerosol Minutes 5 Column: Acclaim Trinity P2, 3 µm Dimensions: 3.0 x 50 mm LC System: UltiMate 3000 RSLC Mobile Phases: A: Acetonitrile B: Water C: 100 mm Ammonium formate, ph 3.65 Gradient: %A %B %C Flow: 0.60 ml/min Temperature: 30 C Injection: 5 µl Detector: Diode array, UV 254 nm Corona Veo (evaporator 55 C, data rate 5 Hz, filter 2 sec, power function 1.5) Blank subtracted baseline. Sample: Standards in 100 mm acetic acid; equivalent to 200 µg/ml Adderall-XR Peaks: 1. Aspartate 24 µg/ml 2. Sodium 3. Saccharin Amphetamine Sulfate 26 Adderall is indicated in ADHD treatment 13

14 Why Use Mixed-Mode Columns? Retention Highly hydrophilic analytes, e.g. pharmaceutical counterions Selectivity Adjustable selectivity allows for easy method optimization Throughput Determining analytes of various charges and hydrophobicity with one single injection MS-compatibility No need for ion-pairing reagent for hydrophilic charged analytes Method robustness More resistant to sample matrix effect than HILIC 14

15 Corona Veo Detector The Next Generation Charged Aerosol Detector A novel, near universal, mass sensitive detector for routine LC determinations of any non-volatile and many semi-volatile analytes Uses the fastest growing and most rapidly adopted universal LC detection technology since diode array detection (aka. PDA or DAD) Provides unbiased detection for a wide variety of analyte classes New design incorporates unique, proprietary technologies only available from Thermo Fisher Scientific 15

16 Introduction to Charged Aerosol Detection Used to quantitate any non-volatile and many semi-volatile analytes with LC Provides consistent analyte response independent of chemical structure and molecule size Neither a chromophore, nor the ability to ionize, is required for detection Dynamic range of over four orders of magnitude from a single injection (sub-ng to µg quantities on column) Mass sensitive detection provides relative quantification without the need for reference standards Compatible with gradient conditions for HPLC, UHPLC and Micro LC Comparison of Charged Aerosol Detection to UV and MS 16

17 Particle Charging for Charged Aerosol Detection Dry analyte particles Analyte particles with charged surface Charges remain on surface of analyte particles. Particles remain intact and do not ionize. The more surface area, the more charge is carried by the particle Charged nitrogen gas Mixing Chamber 17

18 Corona Veo Detector What's New? This entirely new detector incorporates many design and performance improvements: Radically new FocusJet concentric nebulization system improves sensitivity and precision All new evaporation scheme widens the scope of applications to include low flow capabilities for capillary and micro LC, as well as UHPLC Usability and serviceability are enhanced by countless improvements, many of which came from our customers 18

19 Corona Veo Detector with FocusJet Nebulizer Technology The advanced concentric nebulizer design ensures a superior aerosol atomization pattern for uniform droplet formation Exchangeable design gives users direct access for improved serviceability and ease-of-use Accepts typical inlet fittings, including fingertight Thermo Scientific Dionex Viper capillary fingertight fittings FocusJet Concentric Nebulizer Viper Fingertight Fitting 19

20 FocusJet Concentric Nebulization System The inlet liquid and nebulization gas streams coaxially form into a stable aerosol at the nebulizer tip Small droplets are transported upward into the heated evaporation sector Larger droplets fall and are expelled by a precision micro-pump To Evaporation Sector Concentric Nebulizer Coaxial N 2 flow Capillary Inlet Aerosol FocusJet Concentric Nebulizer Tip Inlet Cross-flow Gas In (N 2 ) Nebulizer Active drain pump 20

21 Corona Veo SD/RS Detectors Product Differences Model / Feature Corona Veo Detector Corona Veo RS Detector Flow Rate Range ml/min ml/min Evaporation Temp 35 C or 50 C Ambient +5 C to +100 C Data Acquisition Rate Up to 100 Hz Up to 200 Hz with CM 7.x Integrated Stream Switching Valve (SSV) - 6-port, 2-position micro valve Standalone Interface Integrated color LCD touch screen Inlet Gas Pressure (Reqd) bar (70-80 psig; kpa) Internal Gas Regulation Manual adjustment Electronic control Liquid Waste Non-pressurized Enhanced Linearity Via Power Function (User applied) Analog Signal Output Optional Optional 21

22 Electronic Gas Regulation Corona Veo RS Detector Internal Electronic Gas Regulator Provides ultra-precise gas pressure to ensure stable particle flow Ensures optimum detector performance over the entire inlet flow range of the Corona Veo RS detector ( ml/min) Analytical and Micro LC operation modes are selectable through remote control via the chromatography data system 22

23 Integrated Stream Switching Corona Veo RS Detector Stream Switching Valve (SSV) Externally accessible automated 6-port 2-position valve Diverts flow to waste in event of gas or pump flow errors Simplify system operations by enabling access to alternate devices without the need to unplumb/replumb modules (UV, MS etc.) Improve chromatography results for complex samples by allowing elimination of harmful salts or collection of unretained peaks 23

24 Power Function with Corona Veo Detectors User Selectable Power Function Value (PFV) Increases the observed linear range of calibration data Acts to improve mass balance determinations Extend the linear dynamic range using the Power Function 24

25 Benefits of Charged Aerosol Detection Used to quantitate any non-volatile and many semi-volatile analytes at sub-nanogram levels with LC Consistent analyte response is independent of chemical structure and molecule size Neither a chromophore nor the ability to ionize is required for detection Dynamic range of over four orders of magnitude within a single injection (sub-ng to µg on column) Mass sensitive detection provides relative quantification without the need for reference standards Compatible with gradient conditions for HPLC, UHPLC and Micro LC 25

26 Corona Detector Summary Corona Veo Charged Aerosol detectors: Provides consistent inter-analyte responses across a wide range Best frontline detector for weak and non-chromophore analytes Ideal replacement for older, less capable universal detection technologies (RI, ELSD, etc.) A complimentary detector to UV, Diode Array and MS Expands applications potential for future assay development Improved linearity with power function 26

27 What Do We Mean by IonCount Solution? 27

28 Chromeleon 7.2: eworkflows 3. Sequence is created and can be immediately run 1. Choose eworkflow, select instrument, and click Launch 2. Enter number of samples and start position 28

29 Predefined eworflows for API and Counter Ion Purpose: API and counter ion analysis Generic organic gradient with isocratic ion strength (can be fine tuned for specific problems) Resolving power for monovalent counter ions Column: Acclaim Trinity P1, 3x50mm 3,85 pa 1 System: UltiMate 3000 LPG SD Mobile phase: A - H2O 3, B - ACN C-200 mm NH4From, ph=3.65 Gradient: 0-14 min 5-85% B, min 85% B, min, 85-5% B, min 2,00 5% B min 10% C Flow rate: 700 µl/min 1,00 3 Power Func.: Temperature: 30 ºC Injection: 1 µl Detection: Corona Veo RS 0,00 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 Analytes: min 10,0 1. Sodium 2. Potassium 3. Chloride 4. Bromide 5. Nitrate 6. Maleic Acid 29

30 Predefined eworflows for API and Counter Ion Purpose: API and counter ion analysis Generic organic gradient with isocratic ion strength (can be fine tuned for specific problems) API (Cefazolin) with sodium as counter ion 10,00 2 Column: System: Acclaim Trinity P1, 3x50mm UltiMate 3000 LPG SD 7,50 5,00 2,50 1 Mobile phase: A - H2O B - ACN C-200 mm NH4From, ph=3.65 Gradient: 0-14 min 5-85% B, min 85% B, min, 85-5% B, min 5% B 0-22min 10% C Flow rate: 700 µl/min Power Funct: 1.5 Temperature: 30 ºC Injection: 1 µl Detection: Corona Veo RS Analytes: 1. Sodium 2. Cefazolin 0,00 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 30

31 Predefined eworflows for Counter Ion Screening 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 Purpose: Screening of a wide range of counter ions Broad ionic strength gradient (10 to 100 mm) Applicable to mono- and divalent ions ions-runs #8 12ions-PFV1.5 evap50degs CAD_1 pa min Column: Acclaim Trinity P2, 3x50mm System: UltiMate 3000 LPG SD Mobile phase: A - H2O B - ACN C-100 mm NH4From, ph=3.65 Gradient: 0-1 min 10% C, 1-11 min % C, min 100% C, % C, min 10% C Flow rate: 600 µl/min Power Func.: 1.5 Temperature: 30 ºC Injection: 1 µl Detection: Corona Veo RS Analytes: 1. Phosphate 8. Fumarate 2. Sodium 9. Sulfate 3. Potassium 10. Magnesium 4. Chloride 11. Calcium 5. Malae 6. Bromide 7. Nitrate 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,0 31

32 Summary Selectivity is the KEY Mixed-mode chromatography addresses unmet challenges in pharmaceutical analysis: API and counter ion by RP/AEX/CEX trimodal columns (e.g. Acclaim Trinity P1 and P2) Unique Charged Aerosol Detector for consistent response of analytes that are weak or non-chromophoric molecules Unmatched performance for counter ion analysis by dedicated column technology, unique charged aerosol detection and established UltiMate 3000 technology New IonCount complete solution for ease of use and quick methods development of new API and counter ion analysis Easy operation by predefined eworkflows, Thermo Scientific Dionex Chromeleon 7.2 Chromatography Data System, and viper connection tubing 32

33 Thank You! OT70992_E 03/14S 33