Einführung in die Photonik II

Transcription

1 Einführung in die Photonik II ab 16.April 2012, Mo 11:00-12:30 Uhr SR 218

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3 Lectures Monday, 11:00 Uhr, room 224 Frank Cichos Molecular Nanophotonics Room 322 Tel.:

4 Seminars - Lab Course Romy Schachoff Molecular Nanophotonics room 324 Tel.: Experimental: 1. Photon Anibunching - 2S 2. Back-Focal-Plane Imaging - 2S 3. Photothermal Correlation Spectroscopy - 2S 4. Surprise - 1S raduenz@physik.uni-chemnitz.de

5 literature Fundamentals of Photonics, Saleh/Teich Optics, Hecht Klassische Elektrodynamik, Jackson Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics, Mandel/Wolf Laserspektroskopie, Demtröder Nonlinear Optics, Bloembergen

6 illustrated contents of the lectures

7 illustrated contents of the course 4. detection of photons 4.1 advanced optical microscopy wide field microscopy confocal microscopy photothermal microscopy STED microscopy below the diffraction limit PALM/STORM detection techniques for super-resolution 4.2 principles of single molecule detection dye molecules and optical properties energy transfer fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

8 patented 1957 first page of the patent (Marvin Minsky) photo of the first confocal microscope

9 STED - stimulated emission depletion point spread function engineering

10 photothermal detection cold zf hot

11 Single Molecule Emission Properties absorption vibrational levels excited state wavelength 0-0 emission ground state wavelength vibrational coordinate nuclear coordinates stay largely unchanged

12 Counts [1/100ms] Single Molecule Emission Properties absorption vibrational levels excited state wavelength 0-0 emission ground state wavelength vibrational coordinate nuclear coordinates stay largely unchanged Time [s]

13 Einzelbilder

14 Summenbild

15 Superauflösungsbild

16 Superauflösung - STORM Nature Methods 6, 17 (2009).

17 illustrated contents of the course 5. photonic building blocks 5.1 semiconductor nanocrystals 5.2 plasmons und metal nanostructures 5.3 photonic crystals 5.4. fluids optics

18 semiconductor nanocrystals a few nanometers CdSe/ZnS ~6 nm ~1.5 nm

19 semiconductor nanocrystals fluorescent markers multi-color staining of different organelles in living cells in-vivo observation of tumors narrow emission spectra allow multicolor experiments tuning to tissue extinction minimum

20 quantum dot composite materials, lasers nice looking materials quantum dot lasers tunability, narrow emission, photostability

21 plasmon and metal nanostructures light scattering on metal nanostructures colloidal Ag particles colloidal Au particles metal nanorods (Ag, Au, Ni) composite metal nanorods

22 single particle scattering Au, R=30 nm in silicone experiment calculation experiment calculation NA d =0.8 NA d =0.8 z p z p =0 z p =0 zx zy zx zy zx zy zx zy

23 coupling of small metal particles electric field Atwater group at Caltech Maier et al., Nature Materials 2, 229 (2003). 1 2m 300 nm

24 photonic antenna s

25 photonic structures as heat sources 4 10 µm distance [µm] 14

26 a crystal for electrons crystalline conductor ~5 Å Coulomb potential lets charges interact GaAs: lattice constant 5.65 Å, mean free path 340 Å!

27 photonic crystals - a crystals for photons periodic arrangements of dielectric units refractive index is the potential for photons d d ~ optical wavelength

28 infinite possibilities Eli Yablonovich: Unlike lattices of atoms, photonic crystals have structural possibilities limited only by the human imagination S. Y. Lin et al., Nature 394, 251 (1998) O. Toader and S. John, Science 292, 1133 (2001)

29 simple photonic crystal 300 nm plastic beads M. Barth, POM Lab

30 simple photonic crystal 300 nm plastic beads M. Barth, POM Lab

31 simple photonic crystal 300 nm plastic beads M. Barth, POM Lab

32 a) 40 b) = 575 nm 1.4 angle [ ] max wavelength [nm] c) = 560 nm d) = 560 nm max max

33 animated band structure

34 negative refraction imaging with negative refraction no resolution limit negative index material

35 the way to optical microchips sharp corner / 97% transmission 2d-3d sandwich design 3d crystal slab 2d crystal slab coupling to a microresonator 3d crystal slab cavity A. Chutinan et al. PRL 90 (2003)

36 fluidic optics liquid microlens array focused light of a liquid microlens array

37 fluidic optics a fluidic dye laser hυ n 1 n 2 n1 hυ b Flow direction e 300 µm 150 µm 150 µm c f d g