User Guide for the Terrestrial Food Chain and Dose Module FDMT of

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1 Version 1.1 User Guide for the Terrestrial Food Chain and Dose Module FDMT of RODOS PV6.0 User Guide for the Terrestrial Food Chain and Dose Module FDMT of RODOS PV6.0 Florian Gering, Heinz Müller USER GUIDE FOR THE TERRESTRIAL FOOD CHAIN AND DOSE MODULE FDMT OF RODOS PV Overview Input Data Output data 9 2 Starting the model Before the run Starting the Food Chain and Dose Module FDMT Archived runs 18 3 Initialization Windows for FDMT 18 4 Windows for selecting the endpoints of calculation Overview Description 25 5 Results and Data Output Output to the Graphics system Interface data 59 6 Glossary 61 R ODO S REPORT DECISION SUPPORT FOR NUCLEAR EMERGENCIES 1

2 1 Overview The task of the terrestrial food and dose module FDMT in the RODOS system is to give an assessment of the present and future radiological situation and to provide the data base for the countermeasure modules for terrestrial pathways. FDMT starts from the contamination of air and deposition to the different crops which are results of the Atmospheric Dispersion Modules ADM and the Deposition Module DepoM. Input to FDMT is essentially data which characterises the contamination of human environment and agricultural production areas. Main input data are e.g. concentration of radionuclides in the near ground atmosphere, activity deposited on various crops and on soil, effective dose rates for adults from radionuclides in the atmosphere, time of the year when deposition occurs. FDMT can alternatively start from the output of the data assimilation modules DeMM (Deposition Monitoring Module) and FoMM (Food Monitoring Module). DeMM provides data on soil and crop contamination which have been updated by measurements of dose rates and in situ gamma spectroscopy. FoMM provides updated food chain model parameters, and (depending on the mode in which it has been started) crop contaminations after deposition and activity in air updated by using food contamination measurements. If a FDMT run is based on a DeMM run, FDMT automatically recognises whether FoMM has been run inbetween; the according FoMM results are used automatically. The endpoints of FDMT are essentially the time dependent activity concentrations in a variety of feed and foodstuffs, and the resulting radiation exposure for the population via the exposure pathways ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs, inhalation of radionuclides from the radioactive plume and from resuspended material, external exposure from the radioactive plume, external exposure from radionuclides deposited on ground and other surfaces of the human environment, external exposure from radionuclides deposited on skin and clothes. 2

3 Besides FDMT there are 3 additional modules in RODOS which handle food chain and dose assessment for those pathways which require special model approaches: the Food Chain and Dose Module for Aquatic pathways (FDMA) which considers the consequences of radioactive contaminations of water bodies (lakes, rivers, groundwater). Input to this module are the results of the Hydro module of RODOS. the Food Chain and Dose Module for semi-natural (forest) pathways (FDMF), and the Food Chain and Dose Module for the transfer of the radionuclide Tritium (FDMH).. A Dose Combination Module (DCM) combines certain results of these different Food and Dose Modules (Figure: 1). ADM Atmospheric Dispersion Module Deposition Module Deposition Monitoring Module Food Monitoring Module Hydrological Module FDMT FDMA FDMF FDMH Terrestrial Food Chain Module Terrestrial Dose Module Aquatic Food Chain Module Aquatic Dose Module Forest Food Chain and Dose Module Tritium Food Chain and Dose Module Dose Combination M odule Countermeasure Subsystem CSY 3

4 Figure 1: Data flow of the Food and Dose Modules. The transfer of data between the different modules is partly via shared memory and partly via files; this is shown schematically in Fig. 2 for calculation without, and in Fig. 3 with data assimilation. ADM Shared memory Deposited activity DepoM Shared memory DCM Normalised activity in feed / food FDMT Shared memory HEALTH LCMT LATECONS Figure 2: Transfer of data between the RODOS modules without data assimilation. ADUM Shared memory Activity in air + covariance Deposited activity + covariance DeMM Shared memory FoMM Deposited activity, Act. in air Modified food model parameters FDMT Shared memory DCM HEALTH Normalised activity in feed / food LCMT LATECONS Figure 3: Transfer of data between the RODOS modules with data assimilation (a run of FoMM between DeMM and FDMT is not obligatory). 4

5 The results of FDMT can be displayed to the user via the graphics system. FDMT calculates also data sets which are used by other modules within RODOS to estimate the effect of long term countermeasures, and to estimate health effects. A detailed description of FDMT is given in the Documentation of the Terrestrial Food Chain and Dose Module FDMT in RODOS PV 6.0 (RODOS(RA3)-TN(01)02). 5

6 1.1 Input Data A detailed description of the input data to FDMT can be found in chapter 3.2 of the FDMT documentation. The following input data is transferred to FDMT from the Deposition Module DepoM or from the Deposition Monitoring Module DeMM via shared memory (a detailed list of variables is to be found in the FDMT documentation): Number of time intervals for which atmospheric dispersion has been calculated (max. 48) Number of nuclides for which atmospheric dispersion has been calculated (max. 15) Number of locations (grid points) for which atmospheric dispersion has been calculated (max. 2520) Date and time when the time arrays start (year, month, day, hour and minute) Time grid of the atmospheric dispersion calculation Names of the radionuclides Activity concentrations in air (for each location, radionuclide and time step of atmospheric dispersion calculation) Total deposition to the ground (lawn) (for all time steps of atmospheric dispersion calculation, each nuclide and location) Wet deposition to the ground (lawn) (for all time steps of atmospheric dispersion calculation, each nuclide and location) Effective dose rates for adults from the cloud (for each location, radionuclide and time step) The following input data is transferred to FDMT from the Deposition Module DepoM or from the Deposition Monitoring Module DeMM via (unformatted) data files (a detailed list of variables is in the FDMT documentation). For long-term deposition events an individual file exists for each deposition day: Activity deposited onto crops (for each crop, location, radionuclide and time step) and soil. Activity concentration in air. Total deposition of activity on ground. 6

7 Wet deposition of activity on ground. The following data is used by FDMT from the Food Monitoring Module FoMM, provided that DeMM and FoMM have been run before starting FDMT: Food chain model parameters modified by data assimilation in FoMM: this data is transferred via the ASCII file paralist.dat which is located in the outall-directory of the underlying DeMM run. Contamination of plants and soil by radionuclides immediately after deposition modified by data assimilation in FoMM: this data is transferred via the ASCII files kontafommnn (nn stands for the index of the deposition day and can run from 01 to 48) which is located in the outall-directory of the underlying DeMM run. Activity concentration in air during the deposition period modified by data assimilation in FoMM: this data is transferred via the ASCII files acairfommnn (nn stands for the index of the deposition day and can run from 01 to 48) which is located in the outall-directory of the underlying DeMM run. The following data needed by FDMT is coming from the RODOS geographical data base: Radioecological regions (for each location) Number of inhabitants (for each location) Amount of foodstuff production (for each location) Soil type category (for each location) Location factors ( shielding grid ) for several exposure pathways at each location; if there is no information available, a simple model is used to estimate the location factors. A lot of model parameters describing the food chain transfer and radiation exposure are kept in a data base. Individual data sets exist for each radioecological region. Important model parameters are e.g. Growing and harvesting times for different agricultural crops Transfer factors (soil-plant, feed-animal) Location factors for different exposure pathways (for each radioecological region) Animal feeding diets 7

8 Food consumption rates A detailed description of the model parameter data base can be found in chapter of the FDMT documentation. In addition, information on the required endpoints of calculation of FDMT is required as input. This is provided by the FDMT_assign file (automatic mode) or the Graphical User Interface GUI (interactive mode). 8

9 1.2 Output data The main results of the Food Chain Module in FDMT are time-dependent activities in feedstuffs and foodstuffs. The results can be displayed graphically in two different ways: maps and time dependency plots. Maps of the specific activities in a chosen feed- or foodstuff show the maximum activity which occurs during the calculation period (between 1 day and 100 years after deposition) for all locations of the RODOS grid. This means, that results can be shown for different time steps within one map. Results can be given for single nuclides or for groups of radionuclides (e.g. iodine isotopes). Time dependency plots of specific activities in a chosen feed- or foodstuff can be shown for the location with the maximum value of the RODOS grid. The results can be given for all 50 time steps and for different radionuclides. The main results of the Dose Module in FDMT are doses arising from different pathways: external exposure from radionuclides in the plume, external exposure from radionuclides deposited on the ground, external exposure from radionuclides on the skin and clothes of people, internal exposure due to the inhalation of radionuclides, internal exposure due to the inhalation of radionuclides from resuspended soil particles, and internal exposure due to ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. In RODOS two types of individual doses are calculated: Potential doses which give an upper limit of individual doses. Expected doses which give a best estimate of the average exposure of the population. The results of the Dose Module can be displayed graphically in four different ways: Maps of individual doses can be shown for a single or the sum of the exposure pathways mentioned above and for all locations of the RODOS grid. For short term doses (ext. exp. from plume and ground, int. exp. from inhalation) the results are doses time integrated over the deposition period. For long term doses (ext. exp. from ground, int. exp. from ingestion and inhalation of resuspended particles) the integration 9

10 time can be selected. The results can be given for single nuclides or for groups of radionuclides (e.g. iodine isotopes), for one of 5 age groups and one of 12 organs (including effective dose). Time dependency plots of individual doses can be shown for the location with the maximum value within the RODOS grid. The results can be given for all 93 time steps for different radionuclides, age groups and organs. Maps of collective doses can be shown for a chosen exposure pathway, nuclide, age group and organ. Frequency distributions of individual doses for a chosen exposure pathway, nuclide, age group and organ. 10

11 2 Starting the model 2.1 Before the run To run FDMT, results of a previous run of the Deposition Module DepoM or of the Deposition Monitoring Module DeMM are required as input data to FDMT. For both cases individual load files are available; the respective file has to be activated using the 'Activate Load List Window' of the RODOS system. For this, select the button [Tools] in the main menu of RODOS: The Tools window appears: Choose [Load] to run the load manager. The window Loading (DB->Memory) appears: 11

12 Select FDMT60 in the dropdown menu Program name. Select [File] and then [Reset] and [Open ].A list of the available load files for FDMT60 will appear. There must be one with the comment load list for FDMT 6.0 (DepoM) and one with comment load list for FDMT 6.0 (DeMM). Select [File] and then [Activate ]. A new window Activate Load List appears: 12

13 Select Program group FDMT60. Select the desired load file in the Available Lists field. Click on [Apply]. Close window by [File] and [Quit]. 13

14 2.2 Starting the Food Chain and Dose Module FDMT An interactive computation run of the Food and Dose Module FDMT is started in the following way: In the main menu (see above) of RODOS select the button [Interactive] The Interactive Manager window appears. Choose [Configuration] and then [Importing Result_Dataset To] to select the results of a previous run of the Deposition Module DepoM as input to FDMT. A window 'Target-Programs' appears, in which the button [FDMT60] has to be selected: 14

15 Then a window appears in which all archived runs of the Deposition Module DepoM are listed. A run is selected by clicking on it and then pressing the button [Apply]. Click on the button [FDMT60] in the 'Interactive Manager' -window to start a new run of FDMT. A 'Start Box'-window for the definition of the RunId pops up, a RunId has to be entered by the user. The RunID can be any character string using letters and numbers (maximum 32 characters) and must be different from the RunIDs of previous runs which are still in the data base. The program run is started by clicking on [Start] in the 'Start Box'- window. To enable the graphics output of FDMT, the Graphics System of RODOS has to be started before FDMT is started by selecting the button [Graphics] in the main menu of RODOS! After the program has been started, a 'Control & Services'-window appears (see below). This control window is divided into an upper and lower part. The upper part contains the RunID of the currently selected run as well as four buttons to control the runs. The lower part contains four buttons with which various services can be chosen. All buttons are described in detail in the User Guide for the Graphical System. The only button in the lower part which is of interest for FDMT is the button: [Process Status] Selecting this service opens a window with the list of all modules of the selected run and their actual state. The colour coding 15

16 of the modules indicates whether the module has not yet started (blue), data is loaded from the database (yellow), the module is calculating (green), the results are archived in the database (red) or the module has finished it s work (grey). Some time after starting the run of FDMT some windows for selection of endpoints of calculation will show up automatically. These windows can be used to select the desired output which should be calculated by FDMT. Default results are already pre-selected when the input windows appear for the first time. The windows are described in detail in section 4. After the first run of FDMT has finished (and has sent its results to the graphics system) the following window appears: 16

17 This window enables the user to choose between terminating FDMT60 or selecting further endpoints to calculate. These calculations can be performed very quickly since most of the required data is still kept in memory. If the button "Yes" is selected and then [Update] is pressed, FDMA continues with the windows for selecting endpoints of calculation (see section 4). As default no preselections are made this time in the windows, i.e., all buttons in these windows are now deselected. If the button "No" is selected and then [Update] is pressed, FDMA will be terminated. 17

18 2.3 Archived runs Archived graphical output of FDMT can be displayed by selecting [File] in the menu bar of the Interactive Manager of RODOS, and then selecting [Display Results]: A window Program Groups appears, in which the button [FDMT60] has to be selected: 18

19 Then a list of archived graphical output of all FDMT60 runs appears and a selection can be made by chosing one of the runs and selecting [Apply]: A 'Control & Services'-window appears, where the button [Graphics] has to be selected: 19

20 A window List of Pictures appears, in which all available graphical outputs of the chosen FDMT run are shown. Either all of the graphical output [All] or single results (selecting the appropriate result and the pressing [Apply]) can be chosen: 20

21 3 Initialization Windows for FDMT In version 6.0 of FDMT the selection of the desired endpoints of calculation is done within a loop inside FDMT (see Chapter 4). Therefore, you don t need to push the [Initialising] button in the Start Box window before starting FDMT (as it was in previous versions)! 21

22 4 Windows for selecting the endpoints of calculation 4.1 Overview After starting the run of FDMT some windows will show up automatically. These windows can be used to select the desired output which should be calculated by FDMT. The window hierarchy is shown below (WINDOWS, Options): FDMT v6.0: MAIN MENU +-ACTIVITIES +- FEEDSTUFF ACTIVITIES +- All feedstuffs +- (Feedstuff 1) (Feedstuff n) +- FOODSTUFF ACTIVITIES +- All foodstuffs +- (Foodstuff 1) (Foodstuff n) +- ACTIVITIES - NUCLIDE SELECTION +- All nuclides +- All nuclide groups +- Sum of iodine isotopes +- Sum of cesium isotopes +- Sum of strontium isotopes +- Sum of alpha emitting isotopes +- (Nuclide 1) (Nuclide n) +- ACTIVITIES - VARIOUS SELECTIONS +- processed products +- raw products +- DOSES +- INGESTION DOSE +- All foodstuffs +- Sum of foodstuffs +- Sum of plant products +- Sum of animal products +- Sum of vegetables +- Sum of grain products +- Sum of milk products +- Sum of meat products +- (Foodstuff 1) (Foodstuff n) +- NON-INGESTION PATHWAYS +- Cloud dose +- Ground dose (short term) +- Ground dose (long term) +- Skin dose +- Inhalation dose +- Resuspension dose +- Total dose from all pathways except ingestion +- Total dose from all pathways 22

23 +- ALL DOSES - NUCLIDE SELECTION +- Sum of nuclides +- All nuclides +- All nuclide groups +- Sum of iodine isotopes +- Sum of cesium isotopes +- Sum of strontium isotopes +- Sum of alpha emitting isotopes +- (Nuclide 1) (Nuclide n) +- ALL DOSES - AGE GROUP SELECTION +- 1 year +- 5 years years years +- Adults +- ALL DOSES - ORGAN SELECTION +- Lung +- Red bone marrow +- Thyroid +- Uterus +- Effective dose +- Skin +- Bone surface +- Breast +- Stomach +- Colon +- Liver +- Pancreas +- ALL LONG TERM DOSES - INTEGRATION TIME +- 1 year +- 2 years +- 5 years years +- Lifetime +- ALL DOSES - VARIOUS SELECTIONS +- potential exposure +- normal living exposure +- GRAPHICAL OUTPUT TYPE +- Maps +- Time Plots +- Collective doses +- Frequency distributions +- INTERFACE DATA (see next page) 23

24 +- INTERFACE DATA +- Interface to LCM +- LCMT INTERFACE - FOODSTUFF SELECTION +- All foodstuffs +- (Foodstuff 1) (Foodstuff n) +- LCMT INTERFACE - FEEDSTUFF SELECTION +- All feedstuffs +- (Feedstuff 1) (Feedstuff n) +- LCMT INTERFACE - AGE GROUP SELECTION +- 1 year +- 5 years years years +- Adults +- LCMT INTERFACE - ORGAN SELECTION +- Lung +- Red bone marrow +-Thyroid +- Uterus +- Effective dose +- Skin +- Bone surface +- Breast +- Stomach +- Colon +- Liver +- Pancreas +- Interface to DCM +- Interface to HEALTH +- HEALTH INTERFACE - ORGAN SELECTION +- Lung +- Red bone marrow +-Thyroid +- Uterus +- Effective dose +- Skin +- Bone surface +- Breast +- Stomach +- Colon +- Liver +- Pancreas 24

25 4.2 Description After starting the run of FDMT the window 'FDMT: Main Menu' for the Food and Dose Module FDMT appears. In various sub-windows the results which should be calculated by FDMT can be selected. These subwindows can be accessed by clicking on one of the main topics in the Main Menu. Selecting the button [Close] stores the selection and closes the window, the button [Help] opens a help window including some comments for this main menu. 25

26 Choosing [Activities] in the 'Main Menu'-window brings up the following window for the selection of feed- and foodstuff, from which one can branch into 4 succeeding windows: 'Feedstuff Activities' for the selection of one or more feedstuffs, for which the activity concentrations should be calculated 'Foodstuff Activities' for the selection of one or more foodstuffs, for which the activity concentrations should be calculated 'Nuclide selection' allows to select those nuclides for which the activity concentration is to be calculated 'Various' allows to select some additional properties -(unused) - has no meaning in this context; it provides a link to the loop window but selections in this window are not considered at this point Selecting the button [Close] stores the selection and closes the window, the button [Help] opens a help window including some comments. 26

27 If 'Feedstuff Activities' is selected, the following window appears in which feedstuffs can be chosen. For the chosen feedstuffs the activity concentrations will be calculated: All feedstuffs : activity concentration is calculated separately for all feedstuffs. The available list of feedstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. (Individual feedstuffs) : Each of the given feedstuffs can be selected individually. The available list of feedstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. Grass (intensive + extensive cultivation): Grass is considered to be harvested continuously; weathering, translocation into/from root zone and growth dilution is considered explicitly. Hay (intensive + extensive cultivation): Contamination of hay is derived from the contamination of grass averaged over the hay harvest period and multiplied by a factor to consider the loss of water during hay preparation. Contamination of stored products is derived from average contamination of two harvest intervals. Maize, beet leaves: Weathering is considered explicitly, contamination of stored products is derived from contamination at end of harvesting period. Cereals (barley, wheat, rye, oats), potatoes, beets, maize bulbs: translocation is considered explicitly. Contamination of stored products is derived from contamination at end of harvesting period. Distilling and brewing residues: contamination is derived from the contamination of the underlying plants and appropriate processing factors. Skim milk, milk substitute, whey: the contamination of animal products used as feedstuffs is derived from activity concentrations in the feedstuffs for the animals, feeding rates, transfer factors from fodder to animal products and biological transfer rates. Feedstuff activities are estimated from activity concentrations in plants, transfer of radionuclides into animal products (if necessary), activity enrichment or dilution during processing and preparation, and also considering radioactive decay during processing and storage times. 27

28 If the graphical output type 'Maps' is selected, activity concentrations are given for each location for the time step with the maximum value, i.e. within one map the concentrations can be given for different times. If the graphical output type 'Time plots' is selected, activity concentrations are given for each time step of the ingestion time grid (see Glossary) for the location with the maximum value. The preset selection is 'Grass (intensive cultivation)'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 28

29 If 'Foodstuff Activities' is selected, the following window appears in which foodstuffs or groups of foodstuff can be chosen. For the chosen foodstuffs the activity concentrations will be calculated: All foodstuffs : activity concentration is calculated separately for all foodstuffs. The available list of foodstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. (Individual foodstuffs) : Each of the given foodstuffs can be selected individually. The available list of foodstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. Foodstuff activities are estimated from activity concentrations in plants, transfer of radionuclides into animal products (if necessary), activity enrichment or dilution during processing and preparation, and also considering radioactive decay during processing and storage times. If the graphical output type 'Maps' is selected, activity concentrations are given for each location for the time step with the maximum value, i.e. within one map the concentrations can be given for different times. If the graphical output type 'Time plots' is selected, activity concentrations are given for each time step of the ingestion time grid (see Glossary) for the location with the maximum value. 29

30 The preset selections are 'Leafy vegetables' and 'Milk (cow)'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 30

31 Choosing 'Nuclide selection' in the 'Activities'-window opens a window in which those nuclides can be selected for which activity concentration in feed and foodstuffs are to be calculated. It is possible to select All nuclides : the activity for each of the nuclides (up to 15) included in the source term provided by the Atmospheric Dispersion Module is presented. All nuclide groups : The activities summed up over all nuclides of the individual nuclide groups is presented for each nuclide group. All iodine isotopes : Results are calculated for the sum of all iodine isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 129 I, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 134 I and 135 I. All cesium isotopes : Results are calculated for the sum of all cesium and other long lived (halflife > 10 d) isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 15 radionuclides out of 54 Mn, 58 Co, 60 Co, 86 Rb, 91 Y, 95 Zr, 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 110m Ag, 127m Te, 129m Te, 134 Cs, 136 Cs, 137 Cs, 138 Cs, 140 Ba, 141 Ce, 144 Ce, 143 Pr, and 147 Nd. All strontium isotopes : Results are calculated for the sum of all strontium isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 89 Sr, 90 Sr, 91 Sr, and 92 Sr. All alpha emitt. isotopes : Results are calculated for the sum of all cesium and other long lived (halflife > 10 d) isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 15 radionuclides out of 54 Mn, 58 Co, 60 Co, 86 Rb, 91 Y, 95 Zr, 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 110m Ag, 127m Te, 129m Te, 134 Cs, 136 Cs, 137 Cs, 138 Cs, 140 Ba, 141 Ce, 144 Ce, 143 Pr, and 147 Nd.. (Individual nuclides) : Each of the nuclides of the source term can be selected individually. 31

32 The preset selection is 'All iodine isotopes' and All cesium isotopes. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 32

33 Choosing 'Various selections' in the 'Activities'-window opens a window in which the user can specify the type of products for which he/she wants to get results: processed products are products ready for consumption (as feed or food). It includes activity enrichment or dilution during processing and a time delay due to processing and storage. raw products are feed or foodstuffs at time of harvest or slaughtering. The preset selection is 'raw products'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 33

34 Choosing [Doses] in the 'Main Menu'-window brings up the following window for the selection of doses, from which one can branch into 7 succeeding windows: 'Ingestion dose' branches into windows for specification of foodstuffs contributing to the ingestion dose. 'Dose from other pathways' opens a windows for selecting results for other exposure pathways. 'Nuclide selection' allows to select those nuclides for which all doses are to be calculated. 'Age group' allows to select those age groups for which all doses are to be calculated. 'Organ' allows to select those organs for which all doses are to be calculated. 'Integration time' allows to specify for which time period integrated doses from all long term exposure pathways are to be calculated. ' Various' allows to specify further details of doses from all exposure pathways for which results are desired. [Close] stores the selection and closes the window, [Help] opens a help window including some comments. 34

35 If 'Ingestion dose' is selected in the 'Doses'-window, the following window appears in which the foodstuffs or groups of foodstuffs can be chosen for the calculation of ingestion doses: All foodstuffs : ingestion dose is calculated separately for all foodstuffs. The available list of foodstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. Sum of foodstuffs : ingestion dose is calculated as the total dose from all foodstuffs. Sum of (group of foodstuffs) : ingestion dose is calculated as the total dose from all foodstuffs included in the respective group of foodstuffs. (Individual foodstuffs) : Each of the foodstuffs which are considered in the dose calculation can be selected individually. The available list of foodstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. Ingestion doses are estimated from activity concentrations in foodstuffs, consumption rates, and dose factors for ingestion. Consumption rates can be time dependent to account for seasonal changes If the graphical output type 'Maps' is selected, activity concentrations are given for each location for the time step with the maximum value, i.e. within one map the concentrations can be given for different times. If the graphical output type 'Time plots' is selected, activity concentrations are given for each time step of the ingestion time grid (see Glossary) for the location with the maximum value. 35

36 The preset selection is 'Sum of foodstuffs'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 36

37 Choosing [Dose from other exposure pathways] in the 'Doses'-window brings up the following window in which up to six different types of exposure pathways can be selected: Cloud dose : Doses from external exposure from gamma emitters in the radioactive plume are calculated. Ground dose (short term) : Doses from external exposure from radionuclides deposited to the ground are calculated for the period of deposition. Ground dose (long term) : Doses from external exposure from radionuclides deposited to the ground are calculated for a time period of up to 100 years after deposition. Attenuation through migration of radionuclides into the soil is considered. Skin dose : Doses from external exposure from radionuclides deposited to the skin and clothes are calculated. Inhalation dose : Doses from internal exposure from inhalation of radionuclides in the plume are calculated. Resuspension dose : Doses from internal exposure from inhalation of resuspended radionuclides are calculated. Total dose from all pathways except ingestion : Doses as the sum over all exposure pathways except ingestion are calculated. Total dose from of all pathways : Doses as the sum over all exposure pathways are calculated. If doses are displayed as maps, all short term doses (inhalation, skin and ground dose(short term)) are integrated over the total atmospheric time grid. For all long term doses (resuspension, ground dose (long term) and sum of all pathways) the integration time can be selected in a separate window. If doses are displayed as time plots, all short term doses are shown as dose rates for each of the 48 time steps (step width is an integer fraction of a day, i.e. 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 hours) of the atmospheric dispersion time grid. All long term doses are shown for each time step of the long term time grid, integrated over each time interval. All doses (or dose rates) are given as effective doses for the age group adults as a default. Other age groups and/or organs can be selected in the respective input windows. 37

38 The preset selections are Ground dose (long term), Inhalation dose, and Total dose from all pathways except ingestion. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 38

39 Choosing [Nuclide selection] in the 'Doses'-window brings up the following window for the selection of nuclides for all dose calculations. It is possible to select Sum of all nuclides : Doses are calculated for the sum of all nuclides (up to 15) for which data was provided by the Atmospheric Dispersion Module. All nuclides : Doses for each of the nuclides (up to 15) included in the source term provided by the Atmospheric Dispersion Module are calculated. All nuclide groups : Doses summed up over all nuclides of the individual nuclide groups are calculated. All iodine isotopes : Doses are calculated for the sum of all iodine isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 129 I, 131 I, 132 I, 133 I, 134 I and 135 I. All cesium isotopes : Doses are calculated for the sum of all cesium and other long lived (halflife > 10 d) isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 15 radionuclides out of 54 Mn, 58 Co, 60 Co, 86 Rb, 91 Y, 95 Zr, 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 110m Ag, 127m Te, 129m Te, 134 Cs, 136 Cs, 137 Cs, 138 Cs, 140 Ba, 141 Ce, 144 Ce, 143 Pr, and 147 Nd. All strontium isotopes : Doses are calculated for the sum of all strontium isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 89 Sr, 90 Sr, 91 Sr, and 92 Sr. All alpha emitt. isotopes : Doses are calculated for the sum of all cesium and other long lived (halflife > 10 d) isotopes included in the source term; these can be at maximum 15 radionuclides out of 54 Mn, 58 Co, 60 Co, 86 Rb, 91 Y, 95 Zr, 95 Nb, 103 Ru, 106 Ru, 110m Ag, 127m Te, 129m Te, 134 Cs, 136 Cs, 137 Cs, 138 Cs, 140 Ba, 141 Ce, 144 Ce, 143 Pr, and 147 Nd.. (Individual nuclides) : Each of the nuclides of the source term can be selected individually. All the above selections depend on the data provided by the Atmospheric Dispersion Module. If data for some of the selected nuclides is not provided, FDMT will not calculate results for these nuclides. 39

40 The preset selection is 'Sum of nuclides'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 40

41 Choosing [Age group] in the 'Doses'-window brings up the following window for the selection of age groups for all dose calculations: Up to 5 age groups can be selected: infants of 1 year children of 5 years children of 10 years children of 15 years adults This selection mainly determines the dose factors that are used in the dose calculations. Furthermore, this selection determines the food consumption rates in the ingestion dose calculation and the inhalation rates in the inhalation dose calculation. The preset selection is 1 year and 'Adults'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 41

42 Choosing [Organ] in the 'Doses'-window brings up the following window for the selection of organs for all dose calculations: Up to 12 organs can be selected: Lung, red bone marrow, thyroid, uterus, effective dose, skin, bone surface, breast, stomach, colon, liver, and pancreas. This selection determines the dose factors that are used in the dose calculations. The preset selections are 'Effective dose' and 'Thyroid'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and 42

43 [Help] brings up a comment window. 43

44 Choosing [Integration time] in the 'Doses'-window brings up the following window for selection of the time interval (starting with deposition) over which all long term (ground, resuspension, ingestion) doses are integrated. Up to 10 time intervals can be selected: 7 days, 14 days, 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, 50 years, lifetime (i.e. up to the age of 70 years). The preset selection is '1 year' and lifetime. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 44

45 Choosing [Various selections] in the 'Doses'-window brings up the following window for selection of the type of doses. Two selections are possible: potential exposure : External exposure and inhalation doses are calculated under the assumption that people stay outdoors all the time. normal living exposure : External exposure and inhalation doses are calculated considering that people stay indoors part of the time, i.e. location factors are considered in the dose calculations. The preset selection is 'potential exposure'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 45

46 Choosing [Graphical output type] in the Main menue brings up the following window in which up to four different types of graphical output can be selected: Maps : Results are displayed as a colour-coded map for all locations of the RODOS grid. Assigning various colours to ranges of the results is automatically done by the system, the exact value at each location can be accessed via the mouse cursor. Time plots : Results are shown as a time dependency plot, which displays the results for all according time steps (see Glossary for definition of various time resolutions) for the location with the maximum results (a selection of other locations is not yet possible). Collective doses : Collective doses for the chosen exposure pathways are displayed as colour-coded maps for all locations for the time step with the maximum results. Collective doses from ingestion are estimated from the activity concentrations in processed foodstuffs at each location, the amount of foodstuff production at the according location and ingestion dose factors for adults. This means, collective ingestion doses can only be calculated for those foodstuffs where production data is available. Collective doses from all other exposure pathways are estimated by multiplying the effective doses for adults at each location with the number of inhabitants living at the according location. Frequency distributions : For all cases of collective dose calculations frequency distributions of individual doses can be given. They are 46

47 calculated by multiplying the individual doses for adults at each location (grid point) by the number of inhabitants. One, two, three or all of the four types can be selected at the same time. The preset selections are 'Maps' and 'Time plots'. This means, if no selection is made by the user all results can be displayed with these two types of graphical output. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 47

48 Choosing [Interface data] in the 'Main Menu'-window brings up the following window for the selection of interface data to be calculated by FDMT. Three selections can be made: interface data to the HEALTH module, interface data to the Dose Combination Module DCM, and interface data to the Long Term Countermeasure Module LCMT. Since the interfaces to DCM and HEALTH require a lot of calculation time (up to several minutes), it is recommended to select only those items which are needed for future work. The preset selection is Interface to LCM. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, [Help] brings up a comment window, and [Unused] is a button which is necessary for technical reasons but which has no meaning for the user. 48

49 If [Interface to LCM] in the 'FDMT: Selection of interface data' window is selected (which is default), this window for the selection of foodstuffs for the LCMT interface appears: Each of the foodstuffs which are considered in the dose calculation can be selected individually. The available list of foodstuffs depends on the product definitions for the actual radioecological regions. Up to 5 foodstuffs can be selected. If only one animal product is selected, the following window for selection of feedstuffs for that animal will appear The default selection is 'Milk' and 'Leafy vegetables'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 49

50 If [Interface to LCM] in the 'FDMT: Selection of interface data' window is selected, and if only one animal product in the FDMT: LCMT-interface: foodstuff selection window is selected, this window for the selection of feedstuffs for the LCMT interface appears: Each of the feedstuffs which are fed to the animal selected in the foodstuff selection window can be selected individually. The available list of feedstuffs depends on the product definitions and feeding diets for the actual radioecological region. There is no default selection. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 50

51 51

52 If [Interface to LCM] in the 'FDMT: Selection of interface data' window is selected, this window for the selection of organs for the LCMT interface appears: A maximum of 3 organs can be selected from the available list (Lung, red bone marrow, thyroid, uterus, effective dose, skin, bone surface, breast, stomach, colon, liver, and pancreas). Effective dose has to be selected any time since it is needed by LCMT! The preset selection is 'effective dose', 'thyroid' and 'lung'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 52

53 If [Interface to LCM] in the 'FDMT: Selection of interface data' window is selected, this window for the selection of age groups for the LCMT interface appears. A maximum of 2 age groups can be selected from the available list (1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, adults). Adults have to be selected any time since it is needed by LCMT! The preset selection is '1 year' and 'adults'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 53

54 If [Interface to HEALTH] in the 'FDMT: Selection of interface data' window is selected, this window for the selection of organs for the HEALTH interface appears. Up to 12 organs (including effective dose) can be selected: Lung, red bone marrow, thyroid, uterus, effective dose, skin, bone surface, breast, stomach, colon, liver, and pancreas. The preset selections are Lung, Red bone marrow, 'Thyroid', and 'Effective dose'. [Close] exits the window without storing any selections, [Update] confirms any selections, [Default] resets the preset selections, and [Help] brings up a comment window. 54

55 5 Results and Data Output 5.1 Output to the Graphics system Possible results If selections are made in the windows of FDMT, the results which are calculated in FDMT and the graphical output of these results are defined by combinations of these selections: All chosen activities (feedstuff and/or foodstuff activities) and doses (ingestion, ground, cloud, inhalation, resuspension, skin and/or sum of all pathways) are displayed for both graphical output types, 'Maps' and 'Time plots', if these types are chosen. Only doses can be displayed as 'Collective doses' and 'Frequency distributions'. 'Activities': The selection in 'Feedstuff Activities' determines which feedstuffs will be calculated and listed in the Graphical system under '/ Maps/ Activities in/' and/or '/ Time plots/ Activities in/'. The selection in 'Foodstuff Activities' determines which foodstuffs will be calculated and listed under '/ Maps/ Activities in/' and/or '/ Time plots/ Activities in/'. The selection in 'Activities - nuclide selection' determines for which nuclides all feed- and foodstuffs calculations in FDMT are made. For each of the results in the graphical output (as described above) the list of nuclides is added, e.g. '/ Maps/ Activities in/ milk/ Cs-137/' and/or '/ Maps/ Activities in/ milk/ I-131/' etc. The selection in 'Activities - various selections' determines whether the calculations for all feed- and foodstuffs are made for processed or raw products. If raw products is selected, for each of the results in the graphical output (as described above) the appendix '(raw)' is added to the product name, e.g. '/ Maps/ Activities in/ milk (raw)/ Cs-137/' etc. For Maps the description '/ (max. time)' is added for each of the results. This indicates that these maps show the maximum concentrations at each location. For Time plots the location is indicated, for which the plot is given: '/ at (32,16)'. The values are x/y - coordinates, the location is always the location with the maximum concentrations. 55

56 'Doses': The selection in 'Ingestion dose' determines which foodstuffs will be used to calculate ingestion doses and to list the results under '/ Maps/ Doses from/ ingestion/' and/or '/ Time plots/ Doses from/ ingestion/' and/or 'Collective doses/ Col. dose from/ ingestion/' and/or 'Frequency distributions/ Dose from/ ingestion/'. The selection in 'Dose from other pathways' determines for which exposure pathways doses will be calculated and listed under '/ Maps/ Dose from/' and/or '/ Time plots/ Dose from/' and/or 'Collective doses/ Col. dose from' and/or 'Frequency distributions/ Dose from/'. For 'Time plots' long term exposure pathways (ground, ingestion, resuspension) are listed under '../ Dose from/', while results for short term pathways are listed under '../ Dose rates from/' since then only dose rates are calculated. The selection in 'Age group' determines for which age group doses are calculated. For each of the results in the graphical output which contains doses (as described above) the list of age groups is added, e.g. '/ Maps/ Dose from/ cloud/ Cs-137/ (adult, thyroid)' etc. The selection in 'Organ' determines for which organ doses are calculated. For each of the results in the graphical output which contains doses (as described above) the list of organs is added, e.g. '/ Maps/ Dose from/ cloud/ Cs-137/ (adult, thyroid)' etc. The selection in 'Integration time' determines over which time intervals all long term doses are integrated. For each of the results in the graphical output which contains long term doses (as described above) the list of integration times is added, e.g. '/ Maps/ Dose from/ ground/ Cs-137/ (adult, thyroid)/ 1 year' etc. For all short term doses the description '/ deposition period' is added. The selection in 'Various' determines whether potential doses or normal living doses (considering location factors) are calculated. For each of the results in the graphical output which contains doses (as described above) the according description is added, e.g. '/ Maps/ Dose from/ ground/ Cs-137/ (adult, thyroid)/ 1 year/ potential' etc. 56

57 For Time plots the location is indicated, for which the plot is given. The values are x/y - coordinates, the location is always the location with the maximum doses. The integration time is not specified (as it varies for each time step). The total description would be: e.g., '/ Time plots/ Dose from/ ground/ Cs-137/ (adult, thyroid)/ at (32,16)/ potential' A selection in 'Selection of interface data' does not result in a graphical output, but is necessary if a run of LCMT, DCM or HEALTH should be based on the results of the actual run of FDMT! If no selections are made in the Initialization Windows, FDMT uses the default settings of the automatic mode! The terrestrial Food and Dose Modules FDMT produces various types of results which can be displayed via the Graphical System of RODOS. This output is divided into 5 blocks of data: map data: up to 200 maps (each with 2520 locations) can be created; the total number of maps is given and for each map a description string and the index of the location with the maximum value are provided. time plot data: up to 200 time dependency plots (each with up to 93 time steps) can be created; the total number of plots is given and for each time plot a description string, the number, values and unit of the time steps and the index of the time step with the maximum value are provided. maps for collective doses: up to 200 maps (each with 2520 locations) can be created; the total number of maps is given and for each map a description string and the index of the location with the maximum value are provided. frequency distributions for doses: up to 200 frequency distributions for doses (each with up to 61 dose intervals) can be created; the total number of frequency distributions is given and for each distribution a description string and the ranges of the dose intervals are provided. grid data: all map results are displayed on a grid; this grid is defined by the x- and y-coordinates of each of the grid cells. 57

58 5.1.2 Default results If the preset selections in the Input Windows are not changed by the user (the default selections in the different Input Windows are given in Chapter 4.2), the following results will be calculated by FDMT and are accessible in the Graphics system (these results correspond to the results calculated in the automatic mode!): Maps Activity (for the nuclide groups all iodine isotopes and all cesium isotopes, as far as included in the source term) in Grass I Leafy vegetables Milk Dose (potential dose for the sum of all nuclides; for the age groups 1 year and adults ; for thyroid and effective dose) from inhalation ground - time integrated: 1year - time integrated: lifetime ingestion (sum of all products) - time integrated: 1year - time integrated: lifetime sum of all exposure pathways except ingestion - time integrated: 1year - time integrated: lifetime Time plots Activity (for the nuclide groups all iodine isotopes and all cesium isotopes, as far as included in the source term) in Grass I Leafy vegetables Milk Dose (potential dose for the sum of all nuclides; for the age groups 1 year and adults ; for thyroid and effective dose) from inhalation ground ingestion (sum of all products) sum of all exposure pathways except ingestion The combination of these items results in a maximum of 36 maps (6 activities, 28 doses) and 22 time plots (6 activities, 16 doses). 58

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