Table of Contents for Supporting Information

Transcription

1 Table of Contents for Supporting Information General... S2 General Pd/Cu Coupling Reaction Procedures... S2 General Procedure for the Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl-Protected Alkynes.... S3 2,5-Dibromo-1,4-diiodobenzene 4 (1)... S3 2,6-Dibromo-4-nitroaniline 5 (6).... S4 3,5-Dibromonitrobenzene 5 (7)... S4 3,5-Dibromoaniline 5 (8).... S4 1,2-Dimethylcyclobutanediol S5 cis-1,2-cycloheptanediol S5 Heptan-2,6-dione S6 cis-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-cyclopentanediol S6 4-Methyl-cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol S7 3-Butyn-1-yl-mesylate 14 (26).... S7 But-1-yn-4-yl thiolacetate 14 (27)... S8 tert-butyldimethyl-but-3-ynyloxysilane 28 (43).... S8 p-nitrophenylchloroformate 18 (49)... S9 References to Supporting Information... S9 1 H and 13 C NMR Spectra... S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S32 Mixture of NanoFigures... S S S S39 S1

2 26... S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S61 51 or S62 Polymer S64 General. All reactions were performed under an atmosphere of nitrogen unless stated otherwise. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled from sodium benzophenone ketyl. Toluene, triethylamine, Hünig s base, methylene chloride and hexane were distilled over calcium hydride before use. Silica gel was grade 60 ( mesh) from EM Science was used. The microwave oven model was a Sharp Carousel R-510C, used on high setting. General Pd/Cu Coupling Reaction Procedures. To an oven dried glass screw capped tube were added all solids including the aryl halide (bromide or iodide), alkyne, copper iodide, triphenylphosphine and palladium catalyst. S2

3 The atmosphere was removed via vacuum and replaced with dry nitrogen (3 ). THF, remaining liquids, and Hünig s base or triethylamine were added and the reaction was heated (if noted) in an oil bath while stirring. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with a saturated solution of NH 4 Cl and extracted with Et 2. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. General Procedure for the Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl-Protected Alkynes. To a round bottom flask equipped with a stir bar were added the protected alkyne, potassium carbonate (5 equiv per protected alkyne), methanol, and methylene chloride. The reaction was heated, and upon completion the reaction mixture was diluted with methylene chloride and washed with brine (3 ). The organic layer was dried over MgS 4, and the solvent removed in vacuo. 2,5-Dibromo-1,4-diiodobenzene 4 (1). A solution of p-dibromobenzene (19.50 g, mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (250 ml) was heated to C. Iodine (80.87 g, mmol) was added portion-wise as the reaction mixture was heated. The mixture was held at C for 1 d then cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then quenched into ice water. The resulting solid precipitate was filtered and washed with a saturated solution of sodium bisulfite and a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate. Recrystallization from benzene and purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, CH 2 Cl 2 ) afforded g (81% yield) of the title compound as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.05 (s, 2 H). S3

4 2,6-Dibromo-4-nitroaniline 5 (6). A solution of p-nitroaniline (20.08 g, mmol) in glacial acetic acid (179 ml) at 65 C was vigorously stirred during the addition of bromine (14.93 ml, mmol) in glacial acetic acid (110 ml) within 4 h. A very heavy precipitate formed after about onethird of the bromine had been added and the precipitate was re-dissolved by the addition of hot water (20 ml), and then the remaining two thirds of the bromine solution was added. After complete addition, the reaction mixture was poured with stirring into a slurry of water and ice. After thorough washing with water and air-drying, the reaction afforded g (97% yield) of the title compound as a yellow-green solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.36 (s, 1 H), 5.30 (br s, 2 H). 3,5-Dibromonitrobenzene 5 (7). To a stirred, boiling (90 C) mixture of 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline (19.23 g, mmol), ethanol (220 ml) and concentrated sulfuric acid (22 ml), sodium nitrite (14.46 g, mmol) was added in portions as rapidly as foaming would permit. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 C for 36 h. The mixture was allowed to cool, poured into ice water and the solids were collected by filtration and washed with water. The 3,5- dibromobenzene was separated from the remaining inorganic salts by dissolving it in boiling ethanol and filtering the hot solution, from which g (80% yield) of the orange product crystallized on cooling. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.33 (d, J=1.7 Hz, 2 H), 8.01 (t, J=1.7 Hz, 1 H). 3,5-Dibromoaniline 5 (8). To a solution of 3,5-dibromonitrobenzene (4.84 g, mmol) in ethanol (40 ml) and THF (40 ml) stirred under air was added slowly in portions tin(ii) chloride dihydrate S4

5 (19.22 g, mmol). The mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 20 h. The solvent was then evaporated in vacuo, and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was added. After 2 h of stirring, the reaction was extracted with Et 2. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo. The reaction afforded 3.80 g (89% yield) of the title compound as a brown solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.02 (t, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.75 (d, J= 1.5 Hz, 2 H), 3.78 (br s, 2 H). 1,2-Dimethylcyclobutanediol. 23 In a 500 ml three neck flask equipped with a condenser, a solution of SmI 2 (1.4 M in THF, 350 ml) was heated to reflux. To this solution acetonylacetone (3.43 ml, mmol) was added slowly over 2 h. The dark blue solution turned yellow and was allowed to stir at reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with 1 N HCl (100 ml), the aqueous layer saturated with NaCl and extracted with ether. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, EtAc/hexanes 60/40) afforded 464 mg (14% yield) of the title compound. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 2.50 (br s, 2 H), 1.95 (m, 2 H), 1.79 (m, 2 H), 1.26 (s, 6 H). cis-1,2-cycloheptanediol. 24 To a 50 ml round bottom flask under nitrogen were added N-methylmorpholine-Noxide (3.61 g, mmol), cycloheptene (3 ml, mmol), acetone (5 ml), H 2 (12.6 ml) and osmium tetraoxide (0.077 mmol). The flask was equipped with a glass stopper and the reaction was shaken (automated) vigorously at RT for 3 d. The acetone was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with brine and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered and the solvent S5

6 evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, EtAc/hexanes 70/30) afforded 371 mg (11% yield) of the title product as a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 3.88 (m, 2 H), 2.08 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 2 H), (m, 10 H). Heptan-2,6-dione.25 In a 500 ml round bottom flask, a suspension of MnCl 2 (12.28 g, mmol) in THF was cooled to 0 C. MeLi (58.6 ml, 82 mmol) was added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 C for 30 min then at RT for 30 min. It was then cooled to 10 C, and CuCl (0.386 g, 3.91 mmol) and glutaryl dichloride (5 ml, mmol) were added. The reaction was allowed to warm to RT overnight. It was then diluted with a saturated solution of NH 4 Cl and extracted with ether. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, EtAc/hexanes 50/50) afforded 2.63 g (52% yield) of the desired dione. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 2.47 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 4 H), 2.13 (s, 6 H), 1.83 (pent, J=7 Hz, 2 H). cis-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-cyclopentanediol. 26 In a 250 round bottom flask, a suspension of magnesium turnings (1.06 g, mmol) (prewashed with 5 % HCl, water, acetone and ether) in THF (80 ml) was cooled to 78 C. TiCl 4 (4.4 ml, 40 mmol) was added to this suspension and the yellow solution was allowed to warm to room temperature where it turned black. After 2 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to 40 C and a solution of heptan-2,6-dione (0.512 g, 4.0 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 40 C for 2 h. The black solution was quenched with water, the solvent evaporated and filtered over Celite. The black filtrate was extracted with ether. The combined organic phases were S6

7 dried over MgS 4, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, EtAc/hexanes 60/40) afforded 130 mg (25% yield) of the desired diol. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 2.29 (s, 2 H), (m, 2 H), (m, 4 H), 1.20 (s, 6 H). 4-Methyl-cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol. 27 To a 100 ml round bottom flask under nitrogen were added N-methylmorpholine-Noxide (5.77 g, mmol), 4-methylcyclohexene (5 ml, 41 mmol), acetone (8 ml), H 2 (20.1 ml) and osmium tetraoxide (1.6 ml of a 2.5 wt% solution in tert-buh, mmol). The flask was equipped with a glass stopper and the reaction was automatically shaken vigorously at RT for 3 d. The acetone was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was diluted with brine and extracted with Et 2. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, EtAc/hexanes 60/40) afforded 1.31 g (24% yield) of the title product as a white liquid. The product was obtained as an inseparable mixture of diastereomers in a 1:1 ratio. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) (both isomers) δ 3.95 (m, 2 H), 3.61 (m, 2 H), 2.20 (br s, 4 H), 1.90 (m, 2 H), (m, 6 H), (m, 6 H), 0.93 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3 H), 0.88 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 3 H). 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) (both isomers) δ 73.0, 72.0, 69.8, 68.9, 39.5, 37.5, 32.6, 31.2, 30.6, 28.7, 27.6, 25.3, 22.3, Butyn-1-yl-mesylate 14 (26). Using a 3-neck round bottom flask equipped with an addition funnel, a solution of 3- butyn-1-ol (3.78 ml, 50 mmol), TEA (20 ml, 144 mmol) and dry ether (100 ml) was cooled to -20 C. To this ethereal solution was added a solution of MeS 2 Cl (7.74 ml, 100 mmol) in ether (50 ml). After being stirred for another 15 min at -20 C, the S7

8 reaction was worked up by adding a solution of 1 N HCl until the solution was acidic. The ether layer was extracted with cold water and brine. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. This reaction afforded 7.07 g (95% yield) of a clear liquid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.33 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.08 (s, 3 H), 2.68 (dt, J=6.6, 2.7 Hz, 2 H), 2.08 (t, J=2.7 Hz, 1 H). But-1-yn-4-yl thiolacetate 14 (27). To a solution of thiolacetic acid (6.06 g, mmol, pre-distilled over P 2 5 ) in dry MeH (50 ml) was added cesium carbonate (23.59 g, mmol). The light yellowish solution was stirred at RT for 1 h. The MeH was evaporated and acetone was added to crystallize the cesium salt. The acetone was removed by decantation. The white salt was washed two times with acetone, then dried. To this salt were added distilled CH 3 CN and a solution of 26 (10.56 g, mmol) in CH 3 CN. This solution was stirred at RT for 1 d. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with Et 2. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. Purification by flash chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ch 2 Cl 2 60/40) afforded 4.58 g (50% yield) of the title compound as a light yellow liquid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 3.05 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2 H), 2.48 (dt, J=7.0, 2.7 Hz, 2 H), 2.36 (s, 3 H), 2.03 (t, J=2.7 Hz, 1 H). tert-butyldimethyl-but-3-ynyloxysilane 28 (43). To a mixture of imidazole (13.49 g, mmol) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (23.49 g, mmol) were added 3-butyn-1-ol (10 ml, mmol) and CH 2 Cl 2 (130 ml). The white suspension was stirred at RT for 1 d, diluted with water and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2. The combined organic phases were dried over MgS 4, filtered S8

9 and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. After a plug (silica gel, hexanes/ch 2 Cl 2 75/25), it afforded g (99% yield) of the title compound as a clear liquid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 3.75 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 2 H), 2.40 (dt, J=7.1, 2.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.96 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1 H), 0.90 (s, 9 H), 0.09 (s, 6 H). p-nitrophenylchloroformate 18 (49). In a flask equipped with a condenser, a solution of nitrophenol (4.0 g, mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 was prepared. After cooling to -30 C, diphosgene (4.85 ml, mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (5.1 ml, mmol) were added. The solution was stirred for 2 h at 0 C, then at reflux for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo (no heat). The crystalline solid was suspended in THF (80 ml), stirred for 5 min after which a white precipitate formed (presumably i-pr 2 EtN-HCl). This solid was removed by filtration, and the supernatant collected and evaporated to give a liquid residue. This residue was rediluted in hexanes, and stirred for a 5 min. The hexanes supernatant solution which contained the product was evaporated. This step was repeated several times to obtain 2.09 g (36% yield) of a white solid. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 8.33 (m, 2 H), 7.45 (m, 2 H). References to Supporting Information (23) Hoffmann, H. M. R.; Munnich, I.; Nowitzki,.; Stucke, H.; Williams, D. J. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, (24) wen, L. N.; Saharia, G. S. J. Chem. Soc. 1953, (25) Griesbaum, K.; Miclaus, V.; Jung, I. C.; Quinkert, R.-. Eur. J. rg. Chem. 1998, 627. (26) Bartlett, P. D.; Bavley, A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, S9

10 (27) Mousseron, M.; Richaud, R. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr 1946, 643. (28) Krafft, M. E.; Cheung, Y. Y.; Abboud, K. A. J. rg. Chem 2001, 66, H and 13 C NMR Spectra 1 S10

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