Ion exchange (ionex) Ion exchange. Advantages. Disadvantages

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Ion exchange (ionex) Ion exchange. Advantages. Disadvantages"

Transcription

1 Ion exchange (ionex) 1 Ion exchange Separation method based on exchange of dissolved ions on functional groups fixed on matrix. Ionex (ion exchanger (IX)) - compound able to exchange ions inorganic (zeolites) and organic materials, nowadays mainly functionalised organics polymers Cation exchanger - ionex exchanging positive charged ions Anion exchanger - ionex exchanging negative charged ions Chelating ionex - dissolved species are captured by coordination bonding with ionex. More selective. 2 Advantages enable to capture ions from very diluted solutions and concentrate them selective - special ion exchangers designed to separate only one type of ions (e.g. nitrates). Disadvantages - additional chemicals necessary (regeneration) - waste solutions formation - low efficiency in case of high concentration - fouling of columns - pretreatment necessary - risk of biological contamination - periodically interrupted 3 1

2 Ion exchangers inorganic or organic materials, today mainly synthetic polymers (polystyrene, polyacrylate) (resins) form of particles (spheres) particle size has influence to the kinetics and pressure drop in IX column IX matrix wide polymer molecule forming IX particle strong acid resin cation exchanging 4 strong base resin anion exchanging capacity IX - characteristics amount of active groups (multiplied by its charge) in IX related to the IX volume (val.dm -3 ) or mass in dry state (val.kg -1 ) total capacity operating capacity number of active groups in given volume used in given process selectivity preferred bonding of specified ion based on affinity towards IX active group degree of swelling osmotic pressure causes expansion of matrix (active groups fixed in IX decrease its concentration by attracted water) volume changes are important from technological point of view 5 Column operation most frequent arrangement (filter press principle) equilibrium at each level => low output concentrations working cycle sorption capture of ions regeneration displacement of captured ions rinsing remaining parts of reg. solution backwash to eliminate resin compaction + suspended items removal IX column: A inlet; B outlet of treated water; C rinsing inlet; D rinsing outlet; E reg. soln inlet; F reg. soln. outlet; G flow distribution 6 2

3 Treatment of wastes radioactive item concentration and repository 7 Treatment of wastes heavy metal contaminated waste water decontamination of ground water old circuit boards treatment Metsep process pro regeneration of waste HCl in IX column for Zn and Fe separation. 8 Membrane separation processes 9 3

4 Membrane separation processes Fundamental principle selective transport of components across the membrane by the driving force. Ions, molecules, colloids, etc. can be transported. Membrane nonideal semi permeable barrier with preferred transport of one component from entering stream to product stream permeability amount of flux across the membrane selectivity ability to separate various items 10 Advantages separation of components without change of state at ambient temperature simple automation and continuous process simple arrangement easy scalable low energy consumption related to classical methods zero-emission technological blocks Disadvantages/limitation membrane poisons compounds solubility precipitation on membrane surface membrane material requirements, price used membrane treatment concentration polarisation 11 Membrane categorization structure symmetric structure and pore size same across all membrane thickness usually formed by one type of material asymmetric separation layer on porous support one or more materials (composite) 12 4

5 Membrane modules flat sheet a) sheet fixed in frame b) circular disc tubular (tubular module) similarity to candle filtration 13 Membrane modules II spiral wound - membranes scrolled hollow fiber 14 Membrane material polymer or ceramics (Sterlitech ) Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane D dialysis, EP electrophoresis, GS gas separation, MF microfiltration, NF nanofiltration, RO reverse osmosis, UF ultrafiltration 15 5

6 Membrane processes driving force conc. gradient pressure gradient el. potential temperature gradient process diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, pervaporation reverse osmosis, ultrafiltartion, microfiltration electrodialysis, electrogravitation, electrophoresis, thermoosmosis, membrane destilation concentrate (retentate) feed permeate (diluate) membrane process scheme 16 Pressure membrane processes driving force - external pressure gradient over membrane Process MF UF NF RO pore size [nm]/ rejected compound size [D] nm 3-50 nm/ D 1-3 nm/ D pod 1 nm / pod 200 D smallest rejected compounds suspension, miocroorganisms, colloids macromolecules, organic comp. multivalent salts salts MF -microfiltration, UF - ultrafiltration, NF - nanofiltration, RO - reverse osmosis for waste treatment the most frequent application RO/NF (ions separation) and UF (organic polutants separation) 17 Pressure membrane processes 18 6

7 Reverse osmosis galvanic Ni plating rinsing water regeneration 19 Ultrafiltration Use significantly lower pressure (0,1-1MPa) than RO - low price suitable for organics polutants (oil, ink, etc.) Prep-Tec UF system 2m 3 / den UF FEED Typical ultrafiltration flexographic ink feed. Total solids % : 0.5-2; average 0.75 Suspended solids (mg/l) : ,000; average 5,600 PH : ; average 7.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand : 8,000-80,000; average 4,000 Biological Oxygen Demand : 3,340-66,000; average 31,000 UF PERMEATE Typical ultrafiltration of flexographic ink permeates. Total solids % : ; Suspended solids (mg/l) : 4-40; average 23 PH : ; average 6.8 Chemical Oxygen Demand : 8,00-9,300; average 3,700 Biological Oxygen Demand : 160-6,000; average 2,900 UF CONCENTRATE Typical practical concentrates of approximately 25% total solids can be achieved via Prep-Tec tubular ultrafiltration systems. Final solids levels of > 30% total solids have been achieved at the expense of more intensive membrane cleaning procedures 20 Electromembrane processes separation of charged ions by migration in electric field. driving force - electric field electrodialysis (ED) and electrodeionisation (EDI), electrophoresis, membrane electrolysis, electrogravitation suitable for low concentrated solutions treatment often applied in connection to pressure membrane process 21 7

8 Ion exchange membranes ion exchange (ion selective) membrane - foil or sheet prepared from ion exchanger main task isn t ion exchange but selective transport across charge of active groups in membrane is compensated by ions with opposite charge - counterions occurrence of membrane defects causes penetration of ions charged as active groups fixed in membrane similarly to ion exchangers: Cation selective - enables transport of positive charged ions Anion selective - enables transport of positive charged ions bipolar - (special kind) membrane consisting from cation and anion selective layers 22 Ione exchange membrane structure With respect to the structure and preparation way: Homogeneous - produced by incorporation of active groups to the polymer film. They are formed only from ion exchanging material. Most often based on styrenne or vinylpyridine copolymers, crosslinked by divinylbenzene. Heterogeneous - dispersion of ion exchanger material in inert support. Inert support provide mechanical properties and IX material provide ionic selectivity. Distribution of IX material and optimal balance between inert matrix and IX material are crucial points in membrane preparation. 23 Electrodialysis application of direct electric current on dissolved ions cause migration of ions to the opposite charged electrode. ion selective membrane enable transport of ions with only one polarity - cation and anion selective membrane forms together chambers: diluate chamber - treated stream concentrate chamber - stream with concentrated solution electrodialyser contain hundreds of membrane chambers arrangement - filter press, periodically contains diluate and concentrate chambers 24 8

9 Electrodyalysis scheme D - diluate chamber, K- concentrate chamber, AM - anion selective membrane, KM - cation selective membrane 25 Application of electrodialysis sea water desalination recycling of rinse water in galvanoindustry waste water treatment and chemicals recycling in chemical industry radioactive solutions treatment desalination of organics compounds (glycerine, CMC) 26 Electrodialysis limitations concentration polarisation fouling of chambers and membrane surface membrane poisons limiting current density pressure drop Possible operation modes Operation: batch feed and bleed one-pass Continuous Batch 27 9

10 Electrodialyser Single parts together forms stack spacer - separation of membranes possible arrangement of diluate flow space 28 Electrodialyser ED-II Type: ED-II-2/200 Nr. of installed membranes 200 cell pairs, (max. effective area 166 m 2 ) Dimension of the membrane Membranes RALEX AM, CM Dimension of the spacer Spacers work.,electr.,inter. Electrode frame and sealing Electrodes anode,cathode End plates (frames) Dimensions, weights 400x 1600mm, effective 320x 1300mm pieces 810 x 1610 mm, thickness 1 mm pieces, PE 2 pieces PP 10 mm, 2 pieces EPDM 1 mm 4 pieces, Ti + Pt (Ru),stainless-steel 2 pieces, PP 20 mm and stainless-steel 500 x 960 x 1750 mm, empty 600 kg, w.water 850 kg Operation limits: DC el. power Pressure inlet /outlet,difference Flow Temperature TSS F -, (Cl - ) ED-II-2/200 max. 400 V / 120 A operational 50 kpa, max. 80 kpa / max. 10 kpa D, K approx. 10 m 3 /hr at 50 kpa, E min. 3 m 3 /hr operation approx. 30 o C, max. 40 o C max. 10 µm, max. 10 ppm max. 5 ppm in electrode solution MEGA a.s. 29 Electrodialysis of Ni rinse water 30 10

11 Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane Special arrangement of electrodialyser. Water dissociate inside bipolar membrane and H + a OH - ions are introduced to the neighboring chambers 31 Electrodeionisation (EDI) combination of ion exchange and electrodialysis continuous process for highly diluted solutions diluate chamber filled with ion exchanger (mixed bed or selective) ion exchanger increase conductivity of diluate chamber ion exchanger is continually regenerated by OH - a H + ions 32 Electrodeionisation (EDI) 33 11

12 Summary all mentioned methods have their own advantages and limitations suitable application of any methods need individual judgment efficiency increase by methods combination in case of waste treatment methods is desired formation of commercially attractive products. 34 Recommended literature Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, by Robert H. Perry and Don W. Green McGraw-Hill Inc. best available techniques BAT, reference documents BREF

Lecture 10. Membrane Separation Materials and Modules

Lecture 10. Membrane Separation Materials and Modules ecture 10. Membrane Separation Materials and Modules Membrane Separation Types of Membrane Membrane Separation Operations - Microporous membrane - Dense membrane Membrane Materials Asymmetric Polymer Membrane

More information

Membrane processes selective hydromechanical diffusion-based porous nonporous

Membrane processes selective hydromechanical diffusion-based porous nonporous Membrane processes Separation of liquid or gaseous mixtures by mass transport through membrane (= permeation). Membrane is selective, i.e. it has different permeability for different components. Conditions

More information

Estimate the extent of concentration polarization in crossflow filtration Select filtration unit operations to meet product requirements, consistent

Estimate the extent of concentration polarization in crossflow filtration Select filtration unit operations to meet product requirements, consistent Membrane Separation Process Objectives Estimate the extent of concentration polarization in crossflow filtration Select filtration unit operations to meet product requirements, consistent with product

More information

Ceramic Membranes in Process Technology

Ceramic Membranes in Process Technology BASF SE Ludwigshafen Hartwig Voß, Jacek Malisz, Patrick Schmidt, Jörg Therre Ceramic Membranes in Process Technology Status, future Trends, Challenges Strategie WS Hochleistungskeramiken, Bonn 20.01.2015

More information

SEPARATION BY BARRIER

SEPARATION BY BARRIER SEPARATION BY BARRIER SEPARATION BY BARRIER Phase 1 Feed Barrier Phase 2 Separation by barrier uses a barrier which restricts and/or enhances the movement of certain chemical species with respect to other

More information

Basic Principles of Membrane Technolog

Basic Principles of Membrane Technolog Basic Principles of Membrane Technolog by Marcel Mulder Center for Membrane Science and Technology, University oftwente, Enschede, The Netherlands ff KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON

More information

General Separation Techniques

General Separation Techniques ecture 2. Basic Separation Concepts (1) [Ch. 1] General Separation Techniques - Separation by phase creation - Separation by phase addition - Separation by barrier - Separation by solid agent - Separation

More information

Removal of suspended and dissolved organic solids

Removal of suspended and dissolved organic solids Removal of suspended and dissolved organic solids Types of dissolved solids The dissolved solids are of both organic and inorganic types. A number of methods have been investigated for the removal of inorganic

More information

Dansk Mejeriteknisk Selskab Billund, June 14th Challenges in the Dairy Industry: Perspective on extreme performance membranes

Dansk Mejeriteknisk Selskab Billund, June 14th Challenges in the Dairy Industry: Perspective on extreme performance membranes Dansk Mejeriteknisk Selskab Billund, June 14th 2018 Challenges in the Dairy Industry: Perspective on extreme performance membranes OLE LILLEVANG, TECHNOLOGY SPECIALIST GEA PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY CENTER FILTRATION

More information

Membrane separation and Ionexchange SRM University Internal circulation only

Membrane separation and Ionexchange SRM University Internal circulation only Membrane separation and Ionexchange SRM University Internal circulation only 1. What is membrane? A membrane may be defined as an interphase separating two phases and selectively controlling the transport

More information

Membrane Filtration 111 CAMBRIDGE. A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB GREG FOLEY UNIVERSITY PRESS. Dublin City University

Membrane Filtration 111 CAMBRIDGE. A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB GREG FOLEY UNIVERSITY PRESS. Dublin City University Membrane Filtration A Problem Solving Approach with MATLAB GREG FOLEY Dublin City University 111 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface Abbreviations page xv xviii 1 Introduction to membrane filtration

More information

1 Introduction to membrane filtration of liquids

1 Introduction to membrane filtration of liquids 1 Introduction to membrane filtration of liquids 1.1 Introduction This book is largely concerned with solving process problems in the membrane filtration of liquids. In that sense, it is more a chemical

More information

Physicochemical Processes

Physicochemical Processes Lecture 3 Physicochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Air stripping Carbon adsorption Steam stripping Chemical oxidation Supercritical fluids Membrane processes 1 1. Air Stripping A mass transfer

More information

07/03/18. Laboratory Water and Water Purification Systems. Water in the Laboratory. Sources of Water and Water Contamination. Contaminants in Water

07/03/18. Laboratory Water and Water Purification Systems. Water in the Laboratory. Sources of Water and Water Contamination. Contaminants in Water Laboratory Water and Water Purification Systems KMU 392 Chemical Process Industries March 2018 Water in the Laboratory Water is the most commonly used solvent in laboratories and constitutes often more

More information

Membrane Performance Forecast

Membrane Performance Forecast Membrane Performance Forecast Interested in Membranes? Liquid Selectivity in s ea cr Zeta potential analysis with SurPASS 3 from Anton Paar opens up new possibilities in the characterization of membranes

More information

HYDRACoRe. CHLORINE TOLERANT SPIRAL WOUND Nanofiltration Color Removal Membrane Elements. February Lenntech

HYDRACoRe. CHLORINE TOLERANT SPIRAL WOUND Nanofiltration Color Removal Membrane Elements. February Lenntech 1. Introduction HYDRACoRe CHLORINE TOLERANT SPIRAL WOUND Nanofiltration Color Removal Membrane Elements February 2002 Lenntech info@lenntech.com Tel. +31-152-610-900 www.lenntech.com Fax. +31-152-616-289

More information

Some physico-chemical data can be found at the web page (E-Tables):

Some physico-chemical data can be found at the web page (E-Tables): Reminiscences 1 Physical data have been supplied to Problem_#4. Some physico-chemical data can be found at the web page (E-Tables): http://uchi.vscht.cz/index.php/en/studium/navody-a-pomucky/e-tabulky

More information

SAWEA Innovative Water & Waste Water Technologies Workshop

SAWEA Innovative Water & Waste Water Technologies Workshop SAWEA 2005 Innovative Water & Waste Water Technologies Workshop Removal of Radioactive Contaminants from Drinking Water Sources Dr. M. Gamal Khedr Desalination Consultant Saudi Industries for Desalination

More information

CENG 5210 Advanced Separation Processes. Reverse osmosis

CENG 5210 Advanced Separation Processes. Reverse osmosis Reverse osmosis CENG 510 Advanced Separation Processes In osmosis, solvent transports from a dilute solute or salt solution to a concentrated solute or salt solution across a semipermeable membrane hich

More information

Transport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment

Transport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment Transport characterizations of natural organic matter in ion-exchange membrane for water treatment D.H. Kim, S.-H. Moon and J. Cho Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Kwangju Institute

More information

NANOCOMPOSITE CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE WITH FOULING RESISTANCE AND ENHANCED SALINITY GRADIENT POWER GENERATION FOR REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS

NANOCOMPOSITE CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE WITH FOULING RESISTANCE AND ENHANCED SALINITY GRADIENT POWER GENERATION FOR REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS NANOCOMPOSITE CATION EXCHANGE MEMBRANE WITH FOULING RESISTANCE AND ENHANCED SALINITY GRADIENT POWER GENERATION FOR REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS X I N T O N G, B O P E N G Z H A N G, A N D Y O N G S H E N G

More information

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) REMOVAL BY PERVAPORATION IN A TUBULAR TYPE MEMBRANE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PRELIMINARY TESTS

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) REMOVAL BY PERVAPORATION IN A TUBULAR TYPE MEMBRANE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PRELIMINARY TESTS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) REMOVAL BY PERVAPORATION IN A TUBULAR TYPE MEMBRANE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PRELIMINARY TESTS Ramin Nikpour Khoshgrudi a, Aleksandra Ciosek a, Michał Zalewski a, Maciej

More information

Membrane operations in the green technology: Solvent recovery and process water treatment

Membrane operations in the green technology: Solvent recovery and process water treatment BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMICS George Olah Doctoral School Membrane operations in the green technology: Solvent recovery and process water treatment A dissertation submitted to the Budapest

More information

Membrane for water reuse: effect of pre-coagulation on fouling and selectivity

Membrane for water reuse: effect of pre-coagulation on fouling and selectivity Membrane for water reuse: effect of pre-coagulation on fouling and selectivity Y. Soffer*, R. Ben Aim** and A. Adin* *Division of Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904,

More information

GREEN ENGINEERING PRINCIPLE

GREEN ENGINEERING PRINCIPLE GREEN ENGINEERING INNOVATIVE ION EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS EFFLUENT STREAMS & DEVELOPING GREENER PROCESSES THROUGH RECOVERY & REUSE OF VALUABLE PRODUCTS. C. NANDI NOCIL LTD. GREEN ENGINEERING

More information

EQ121 - Membrane Processes and Technologies

EQ121 - Membrane Processes and Technologies Coordinating unit: 295 - EEBE - Barcelona East School of Engineering Teaching unit: 713 - EQ - Department of Chemical Engineering Academic year: 2018 Degree: ECTS credits: 6 Teaching languages: English

More information

LEWATIT MonoPlus S 108

LEWATIT MonoPlus S 108 Lewatit MonoPlus S 108 is a strongly acidic, gel-type cation exchange resin in the Na-form with beads of uniform size (monodisperse) based an a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. Due to a special manufacturing

More information

Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 25: CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 25: CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS Harris: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Eight Edition CHAPTER 25: CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS CHAPTER 25: Opener Aa CHAPTER 25: Opener Ab CHAPTER 25: Opener B 25-1 Ion-Exchange

More information

MEMBRANE CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION

MEMBRANE CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION MEMBRANE CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION Albert van der Wal and Hank Reinhoudt Voltea b.v., Wassenaarseweg 72, 2333 AL, Leiden, the Netherlands Presenter Hank Reinhoudt Corresponding author: Hank.Reinhoudt@voltea.com

More information

Chapter 3 Membrane Processes for Water Production

Chapter 3 Membrane Processes for Water Production Chapter 3 Membrane Processes for Water Production Application of Membrane Processes in Water Environment Fusion Tech Hydrology Molecular biology Surface Chem Nano particles Biofilm CFD Catalyst Space station

More information

Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions

Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions Solutions Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances Composition is uniform throughout the sample No chemical reaction between the components of the mixture Solvents

More information

Lewatit MonoPlus SP 112 is especially applicable for:

Lewatit MonoPlus SP 112 is especially applicable for: Lewatit MonoPlus SP 112 is a strongly acidic, macroporous cation exchange resin with beads of uniform size (monodisperse) based on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. The monodisperse beads are chemically

More information

WASTEWATER RECYCLE, REUSE, AND RECLAMATION Vol. I - Membrane Separation Technologies - Takeshi Matsuura

WASTEWATER RECYCLE, REUSE, AND RECLAMATION Vol. I - Membrane Separation Technologies - Takeshi Matsuura MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES Takeshi Matsuura Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. Canada Keywords: membrane separation processes, pressure driven membrane processes,

More information

LEWATIT MonoPlus S 100

LEWATIT MonoPlus S 100 Lewatit MonoPlus S 100 is a strongly acidic, gelular cation exchange resin with beads of uniform size (monodisperse) based on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, designed for all demineralization applications.

More information

CNT STABILITY WITHIN POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE MATRICES

CNT STABILITY WITHIN POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE MATRICES CNT STABILITY WITHIN POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE MATRICES Nov. 3 rd, 2013 Charles-François de Lannoy, Katie Gloe, and Prof. Mark Wiesner Sustainable Material Development and Use Exposure Concern NP

More information

Adsorption at the solid/liquid interface

Adsorption at the solid/liquid interface 1. Ion exchanger Adsorption at the solid/liquid interface Ion exchange process means an exchange of ions between an electrolyte solution and a solid (ionite). In most cases the term is used to denote the

More information

A NEW ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESS FOR REMOVING HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER

A NEW ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESS FOR REMOVING HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER Proceedings of the 13 th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Athens, Greece, 5-7 September 2013 A NEW ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESS FOR REMOVING HEAVY METALS FROM WASTEWATER

More information

Membrane Clean In Place Recipe Optimization

Membrane Clean In Place Recipe Optimization Membrane Clean In Place Recipe Optimization Surface Water Treatment Workshop May 2, 2018 Matt Erickson, PE Outline Introduction UF/RO Background Pretreatment Optimization UF/RO CIP Optimization Case Studies

More information

Properties of Solutions. Chapter 13

Properties of Solutions. Chapter 13 Properties of Solutions Chapter 13 Sodium acetate crystals rapidly form when a seed crystal is added to a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate. Saturated solution: contains the maximum amount of a

More information

Physical Properties of Solutions

Physical Properties of Solutions Physical Properties of Solutions Chapter 12 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 12.1- Types of solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or

More information

Fouling of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Measurements and simulations

Fouling of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Measurements and simulations Desalination 236 (2009) 187 193 Fouling of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy: Measurements and simulations J.M. Kavanagh*, S. Hussain, T.C. Chilcott, H.G.L. Coster School

More information

Shirley E. Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D. WRE Robert E. Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D. WRE

Shirley E. Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D. WRE Robert E. Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D. WRE Shirley E. Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D. WRE Robert E. Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D. WRE Current PA Guidance Many guidance documents apply expected pollutant removals based on literature. However, typically presented

More information

LEWATIT S 1668 PRODUCT INFORMATION

LEWATIT S 1668 PRODUCT INFORMATION Lewatit S 1668is a food grade, gel-type, strongly acidic cation exchange resin based on a styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer. The optimized kinetics lead to an increased operating capacity compared to ion

More information

PROPERTIES GOVERNING THE TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS THROUGH ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES USING DESALINATION OF COMPLEX WASTE STREAMS IN ED

PROPERTIES GOVERNING THE TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS THROUGH ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES USING DESALINATION OF COMPLEX WASTE STREAMS IN ED PROPERTIES GOVERNING THE TRANSPORT OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS THROUGH ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES USING DESALINATION OF COMPLEX WASTE STREAMS IN ED Marjolein Vanoppen, Particle and Interfactial Technology Group,

More information

Adsorption (Ch 12) - mass transfer to an interface

Adsorption (Ch 12) - mass transfer to an interface Adsorption (Ch 12) - mass transfer to an interface (Absorption - mass transfer to another phase) Gas or liquid adsorption (molecular) onto solid surface Porous solids provide high surface area per weight

More information

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. especially in last 50 years. Industries, especially power industry, are the large anthropogenic

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. especially in last 50 years. Industries, especially power industry, are the large anthropogenic EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction The concentration of CO 2 in atmosphere has increased considerably in last 100 years, especially in last 50 years. Industries, especially power industry, are the large anthropogenic

More information

S-100 Antiscalant AXEON S-100 Antiscalant is a highly effective antiscalant, specially formulated for feedwaters with the highest levels of metal oxid

S-100 Antiscalant AXEON S-100 Antiscalant is a highly effective antiscalant, specially formulated for feedwaters with the highest levels of metal oxid Membrane Chemicals AXEON Water Technologies features a broad range of membrane chemicals formulated to treat a variety of water conditions for commercial and industrial applications. AXEON Membrane Chemicals

More information

Chapter 12 Gravimetric Methods of Analysis

Chapter 12 Gravimetric Methods of Analysis Chapter 12 Gravimetric Methods of Analysis gravi metric (weighing - measure) Gravimetric Analysis A given analyte is isolated from the sample and weighed in some pure form. One of the most accurate and

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 31 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Solvent Delivery

More information

Synthesis and Characterization of Proton-Conducting Oxides as Hydrogen Transport Membranes

Synthesis and Characterization of Proton-Conducting Oxides as Hydrogen Transport Membranes Synthesis and Characterization of Proton-Conducting Oxides as ydrogen Transport Membranes Lin Li and Enrique Iglesia Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Division of

More information

Journal of Asian Scientific Research A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ESHIDIYA INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER. Sadeq Emeish

Journal of Asian Scientific Research A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ESHIDIYA INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER. Sadeq Emeish Journal of Asian Scientific Research journal homepage: http://www.aessweb.com/journals/5003 A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF ESHIDIYA INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER Sadeq Emeish Al-Balqa' Applied University,

More information

CHAPTER 9: MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESS

CHAPTER 9: MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESS CHAPTER 9: MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESS MOHAMAD FAHRURRAZI TOMPANG Sem 2 2011/2012 ERT 313 BIOSEPARATION ENGINEERING Course details Credit hours/units : 4 Contact hours : 3 hr (L), 3 hr (P) and 1 hr (T)

More information

Membrane Electrodes. Several types

Membrane Electrodes. Several types Membrane Electrodes Electrical connection Several types - Glass membrane electrode - Liquid membrane electrode - Solid State membrane electrode - Permeable membrane electrode seal 0.1 M HCl Filling solution

More information

Shirley E. Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D. WRE Penn State Harrisburg. Robert Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D. WRE University of Alabama

Shirley E. Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D. WRE Penn State Harrisburg. Robert Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D. WRE University of Alabama Shirley E. Clark, Ph.D., P.E., D. WRE Penn State Harrisburg Robert Pitt, Ph.D., P.E., BCEE, D. WRE University of Alabama Site Stormwater Characteristics and Permit Limits Analytes on Permit 90 th percentile

More information

ULTRAFLITRATION OF WASTEWATER WITH PRETREATMENT: EVALUATION OF FLUX DECLINE MODELS

ULTRAFLITRATION OF WASTEWATER WITH PRETREATMENT: EVALUATION OF FLUX DECLINE MODELS ULTRAFLITRATION OF WASTEWATER WITH PRETREATMENT: EVALUATION OF FLUX DECLINE MODELS H. K. Shon, S. Vigneswaran,* J. Kandasamy and W.G. Shim 2 Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O.

More information

ACTIVATED BLEACHING CLAY FOR THE FUTURE. AndrevJ Torok ThomaE D Thomp~on Georgia Kaolin Company Elizabeth, New JerEey

ACTIVATED BLEACHING CLAY FOR THE FUTURE. AndrevJ Torok ThomaE D Thomp~on Georgia Kaolin Company Elizabeth, New JerEey PREPRINT NUMBER 71-H-22 ACTIVATED BLEACHING CLAY FOR THE FUTURE AndrevJ Torok ThomaE D Thomp~on Georgia Kaolin Company Elizabeth, New JerEey ThiE paper is to be preeented at the AIME CENTENNIAL ANNUAL

More information

Chapter 9. Solutions

Chapter 9. Solutions Chapter 9 Solutions Water Properties Polar O more electronegative, partial negative charge H less electronegative, partial positive charge Bent structure, 2 lone pairs on oxygen Participates in HYDROGEN

More information

Electrochemical reaction

Electrochemical reaction Electrochemical reaction electrochemistry electrochem. reaction mechanism electrode potential Faradays law electrode reaction kinetics 1 Electrochemistry in industry Chlor-Alkali galvano industry production

More information

INPHAZE HiRes-EIS High Resolution Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. HiRes-EIS for Characterization of Membranes & Membrane Fouling

INPHAZE HiRes-EIS High Resolution Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. HiRes-EIS for Characterization of Membranes & Membrane Fouling INPHAZE HiRes-EIS High Resolution Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Abstract HiRes-EIS for Characterization of Membranes & Membrane Fouling Separation membranes typically have a thin skin layer supported

More information

Test bank for Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 12th Edition by Timberlake

Test bank for Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 12th Edition by Timberlake Test bank for Chemistry An Introduction to General Organic and Biological Chemistry 12th Edition by Timberlake Link download full: http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-chemistry-an-introduction-to-general-organic-and-biological-chemistry-12th-edition-by-timberlak

More information

I THANK THE ORGANIZERS TO GIVE ME THE OPPORTUNITY TO ATTEND THIS VERY INTERESTING SYMPOSIUM AND I APPRECIATE THEIR EFFORTS

I THANK THE ORGANIZERS TO GIVE ME THE OPPORTUNITY TO ATTEND THIS VERY INTERESTING SYMPOSIUM AND I APPRECIATE THEIR EFFORTS I THANK THE ORGANIZERS TO GIVE ME THE OPPORTUNITY TO ATTEND THIS VERY INTERESTING SYMPOSIUM AND I APPRECIATE THEIR EFFORTS TO BRING TOGETHER SPECIALISTS IN THIS EXCITING FIELD! NOVEL BIPOLAR RESINS SYNTHESIS

More information

Protein separation and characterization

Protein separation and characterization Address:800 S Wineville Avenue, Ontario, CA 91761,USA Website:www.aladdin-e.com Email USA: tech@aladdin-e.com Email EU: eutech@aladdin-e.com Email Asia Pacific: cntech@aladdin-e.com Protein separation

More information

Microorganisms. Dissolved inorganics. Native vs. Introduced; Oligotrophic vs. Eutrophic Millions to billions per ml or g Complex consortia

Microorganisms. Dissolved inorganics. Native vs. Introduced; Oligotrophic vs. Eutrophic Millions to billions per ml or g Complex consortia 1 Microorganisms Native vs. Introduced; Oligotrophic vs. Eutrophic Millions to billions per ml or g Complex consortia Species makeup: f(t, O 2, ph, nutrients, etc.) Indicators & pathogens Dissolved inorganics

More information

2.500 Desalination and Water Purification

2.500 Desalination and Water Purification MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 2.500 Desalination and Water Purification Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. MASSACHUSETTS

More information

NANOSTONE Cleaning Guidelines for Spiral E-Coat Elements

NANOSTONE Cleaning Guidelines for Spiral E-Coat Elements NANOSTONE Cleaning Guidelines for Spiral E-Coat Elements The following guidelines are presented with the understanding that they will help restore the permeate rate for an element used on electro-deposition

More information

Membrane Technology. in the Chemical Industry. Edited by Suzana Pereira Nunes and Klaus-Viktor Peinemann. Second, Revised and Extended Edition

Membrane Technology. in the Chemical Industry. Edited by Suzana Pereira Nunes and Klaus-Viktor Peinemann. Second, Revised and Extended Edition Membrane Technology in the Chemical Industry Edited by Suzana Pereira Nunes and Klaus-Viktor Peinemann Second, Revised and Extended Edition Membrane Technology Edited by Suzana Pereira Nunes and Klaus-Viktor

More information

Pore-filled Membranes Capable of Selective Negative Rejections

Pore-filled Membranes Capable of Selective Negative Rejections Pore-filled Membranes Capable of Selective Negative Rejections Wayne Jiang*, Ronald F. Childs*, Alicja M. Mika*, James M. Dickson** * Department of Chemistry and ** Department of Chemical Engineering,

More information

Nelson Environmental Technologies, Inc. ( Chlorine and Chlorine Monitoring 2011 November 8

Nelson Environmental Technologies, Inc. (  Chlorine and Chlorine Monitoring 2011 November 8 This Power Point presentation explains: 1. the forms of chlorine found in municipal water supplies; 2. how to monitor them; 3. and, methods of treating them in hemodialysis water treatment systems. 1 Water

More information

CHEMISTRY Ch. 14 Notes: Mixtures and Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics.

CHEMISTRY Ch. 14 Notes: Mixtures and Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. CHEMISTRY Ch. 14 Notes: Mixtures and Solutions NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 14.1 notes I. Types of mixtures (mixture a physical blend of substances)

More information

Due to its high total capacity, its high chemical resistance and the high osmotic stability, Lewatit S 100 G1 is especially applicable for:

Due to its high total capacity, its high chemical resistance and the high osmotic stability, Lewatit S 100 G1 is especially applicable for: Lewatit S 100 G1 is dyed with an indicator, which indicates the exhaustion respectively the break through point of the ion exchanger by changing the colour into red. Due to its high total capacity, its

More information

The Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

The Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CRITICAL FLUX, RESISTANCE, AND REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS IN ULTRAFILTRATION (UF) OF NATURAL ORGANIC

More information

Suppression in anion chromatography. More sensitive analysis of anions and organic acids

Suppression in anion chromatography. More sensitive analysis of anions and organic acids Suppression in anion chromatography More sensitive analysis of anions and organic acids What is suppression? 02 Suppression plays a key role in the analysis of anions and organic acids using ion-exchange

More information

CHM 213 (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY): Applications of Standard Reduction Potentials. Compiled by. Dr. A.O. Oladebeye

CHM 213 (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY): Applications of Standard Reduction Potentials. Compiled by. Dr. A.O. Oladebeye CHM 213 (INORGANIC CHEMISTRY): Applications of Standard Reduction Potentials Compiled by Dr. A.O. Oladebeye Department of Chemistry University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria Electrochemical Cell Electrochemical

More information

arium Water Purification Terms

arium Water Purification Terms arium Water Purification Terms A.C.S. American Chemical Society Absorption The surface retention of a substance (absorbent, e.g., CO 2 (carbon dioxide) by a material, such as water (absorbing medium).

More information

Ch. 14. ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY

Ch. 14. ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY Ch. 14. ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY 14.1 Analytical chemists design electrodes (voltage sensitive to conc. change) galvanic cells ion-selective electrodes ion-sensing field effect transistors potentiometry

More information

Technologies and Approaches of CO 2 Capture

Technologies and Approaches of CO 2 Capture Southwest Regional Partnership Project Technologies and Approaches of CO 2 Capture Liangxiong Li, Brian McPherson, Robert Lee Petroleum Recovery Research Center New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology,

More information

D-MAVT Membrane Separation Processes

D-MAVT Membrane Separation Processes Membrane Separation Processes Federico Milella Rate Controlled Separation - Autumn 2017 Separation Processes Laboratory - Institute of Process Engineering Agenda Introduction Mass balances over a membrane

More information

» no organic solvent required» no phase separation problems» simple equipment similar to conventional bead type ion exchange resins

» no organic solvent required» no phase separation problems» simple equipment similar to conventional bead type ion exchange resins Lewatit VP OC 1026 is a crosslinked polystyrene based macroporous resin which contains Di-2-ethylhexylphosphat (D2EHPA). This active ingredient is directly incorporated during the formation of the copolymer

More information

Carbonate Chemistry Applied to the Beverage Production of Still Water

Carbonate Chemistry Applied to the Beverage Production of Still Water Carbonate Chemistry Applied to the Beverage Production of Still Water By Phillip L. Hayden, Ph.D., P.E. True North Thinking, LLC 591 Congress Park Drive Dayton, OH 45459 The chemistry of the carbonate

More information

CHAPTER 14: ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY

CHAPTER 14: ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY CHAPTER 14: ELECTRODES AND POTENTIOMETRY Chapter 14 Electrodes and Potentiometry Potentiometry : The use of electrodes to measure voltages that provide chemical information. (The cell voltage tells us

More information

Electrochemistry. Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts

Electrochemistry. Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts What do I need to know about electrochemistry? Electrochemistry Learning Outcomes: Candidates should be able to: a) Describe

More information

Feed. Figure 1. The above image depicts the construction of a typical spiral wound element.

Feed. Figure 1. The above image depicts the construction of a typical spiral wound element. In a reverse osmosis (RO) process, pressure is applied to the saline side of a semi-permeable membrane to produce low salinity water. Upon application of the feed pressure, water molecules pass through

More information

TECHNOLOGIES THAT TRANSFORM POLLUTANTS TO INNOCUOUS COMPONENTS: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS

TECHNOLOGIES THAT TRANSFORM POLLUTANTS TO INNOCUOUS COMPONENTS: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS TECHNOLOGIES THAT TRANSFORM POLLUTANTS TO INNOCUOUS COMPONENTS: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL METHODS HUANG Xia Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China Keywords: Pollutants, Innocuous Components, Chemical

More information

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. Assessment Chapter Test A Chapter: Solutions In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. Agitation prevents settling

More information

What is Chromatography?

What is Chromatography? What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a physico-chemical process that belongs to fractionation methods same as distillation, crystallization or fractionated extraction. It is believed that the separation

More information

Investigating the effect of graphene oxide on scaling in thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes

Investigating the effect of graphene oxide on scaling in thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes Investigating the effect of graphene oxide on scaling in thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes Ali Ansari, Bo Cao, Xinyi Yi, Yandi Hu, and Debora Rodrigues Civil and Environmental Engineering,

More information

This document contains important information and must be read in its entirety. Edition: Previous Edition: /4

This document contains important information and must be read in its entirety. Edition: Previous Edition: /4 LEWATIT SP 120 is a strongly acidic, very highly crosslinked, macroporous cation exchange resin of standard bead size distribution. Its high total capacity and outstanding chemical resistance to oxidizing

More information

LlkJ-/ rpdf Pollution Prevention - Source Reduction with Electrodialytic Processes

LlkJ-/ rpdf Pollution Prevention - Source Reduction with Electrodialytic Processes w- LlkJ-/ rpdf Pollution Prevention - Source Reduction with Electrodialytic Processes by Daniel J. Vaughan This paper is focused on how not to make waste or how to prevent pollution at the source. I know

More information

/05/ MAIK Nauka /Interperiodica

/05/ MAIK Nauka /Interperiodica Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 4, 5, pp. 4 46. Translated from Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, Vol. 39, No. 4, 5, pp. 46 43. Original Russian Text Copyright

More information

Chapter 6. Membrane Process (Carrier Mediated Transport)

Chapter 6. Membrane Process (Carrier Mediated Transport) National November 17, 2015 (Wed) Chapter 6. Membrane Process (Carrier Mediated Transport) Chang-Han Yun / Ph.D. Contents 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Osmosis Contents Contents 6.3 Pressure Driven Force 6.5 Other

More information

Materials development for inorganic membrane layers at ECN

Materials development for inorganic membrane layers at ECN Materials development for inorganic membrane layers at ECN B.C. Bonekamp Presented at XXV EMS Summerschool, Leuven, Belgium, September ECN-M--09-062 May Materials Development for Inorganic Membrane Layers

More information

Forward osmosis research activities at UTS

Forward osmosis research activities at UTS Forward osmosis research activities at UTS S. Phuntsho, T. Majeed, S. Sahebi, J. Kim, Y. Kim, F. Lotfi, L. Chekli, W.G. Shim, N. Pathak, Ho Kyong Shon Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School

More information

PERMEATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE ACROSS POLYMERIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES

PERMEATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE ACROSS POLYMERIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES PERMEATION OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE ACROSS POLYMERIC HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES V. E. Patil* 1, L. J. P. van den Broeke 1, F. Vercauteren and J.T.F. Keurentjes 1 1 Department of Chemistry and Chemical

More information

Glossary of Common Laboratory Terms

Glossary of Common Laboratory Terms Accuracy A measure of how close a measured value is to the true value. Assessed by means of percent recovery of spikes and standards. Aerobic Atmospheric or dissolved oxygen is available. Aliquot A measured

More information

Recovery of hydrochloric acid from metal pickling solutions by membrane distillation

Recovery of hydrochloric acid from metal pickling solutions by membrane distillation Separation and Purification Technology 22-23 (2001) 591 600 www.elsevier.com/locate/seppur Recovery of hydrochloric acid from metal pickling solutions by membrane distillation M. Tomaszewska *, M. Gryta,

More information

Projects Involving Nanotechnology at The Oxford Centre for Sustainable Water Engineering. Dr Nick Hankins

Projects Involving Nanotechnology at The Oxford Centre for Sustainable Water Engineering. Dr Nick Hankins Projects Involving Nanotechnology at The Oxford Centre for Sustainable Water Engineering Dr Nick Hankins Introduction to Centre for Sustainable Water Engineering Adsorptive Micellar Flocculation Forward

More information

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search: B03C MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS (filters making use of electricity or magnetism B01D 35/06; separating

More information

Mixtures and Solutions

Mixtures and Solutions Mixtures and Solutions Section 14.1 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Mixtures In your textbook, read about suspensions and colloids. For each statement below, write true or false. 1. A solution is a mixture

More information

Water and Wastewater Engineering Dr. Ligy Philip Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. Adsorption Lecture # 34

Water and Wastewater Engineering Dr. Ligy Philip Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. Adsorption Lecture # 34 Water and Wastewater Engineering Dr. Ligy Philip Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Adsorption Lecture # 34 Last class we were discussing about advanced wastewater treatment

More information

University of Groningen. Electrodialytic recovery of acids and bases Visser, Cornelis

University of Groningen. Electrodialytic recovery of acids and bases Visser, Cornelis University of Groningen Electrodialytic recovery of acids and bases Visser, Cornelis IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please

More information