This is a repository copy of Aggregation of growing crystals in suspension: III. Accounting for adhesion and repulsion.

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1 This is a repository copy of Aggregation of growing crystals in suspension: III. Accounting for adhesion and repulsion. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: Version: Accepted Version Article: Pitt, K. and Hounslow, M.J. (2015) Aggregation of growing crystals in suspension: III. Accounting for adhesion and repulsion. Chemical Engineering Science, ISSN Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by ing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. eprints@whiterose.ac.uk

2 Author's Accepted Manuscript Aggregation of growing crystals in suspension: IIi. accounting for adhesion and repulsion K. Pitt, M.J. Hounslow PII: DOI: Reference: To appear in: S (14)00774-X CES12084 Chemical Engineering Science Received date: 19 August 2014 Revised date: 30 November 2014 Accepted date: 20 December 2014 Cite this article as: K. Pitt, M.J. Hounslow, Aggregation of growing crystals in suspension: IIi. accounting for adhesion and repulsion, Chemical Engineering Science, This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

3 AGGREGATION OF GROWING CRYSTALS IN SUSPENSION: III. ACCOUNTING FOR ADHESION AND REPULSION Abstract

4 Keywords

5 Introduction

6 Theory Γ ΓΓ Γ > θφ π Γ = µγ θφ

7 Γ π = θφ γ µ Γ = γ µ λ =

8 λ λ = 3 λ = 10 =

9 λ, ψ Γ = γ µ

10 ψ = ( ) ψ = ψ ( ) ψ(μ) ψ ψ ( ) α σ ψ ψ ( )

11 ψ ψ ψ λ σ γ γµ σ γ = = γµ

12 σ + Γ γ σ Γ = + = + γ µ γµ = σ γ µ = ( ) Γ = γµ Γ = + ψ ψ

13 ψ ψ ( ) = ψ ( ) = ψ ( + ) γ γ ψ ( ) σπ Γπ = + µ µ σ Γ σγ

14 σπ Γπ = + µ µ Experimental

15 = +

16

17 Results

18 σγ

19 1 QD 2 m 2 ml min Q w 0 1 QD 2 m 2 ml min G Q nm s 1 ml 1 min G Q nm s 1 ml 1 min 1 QD 2 m 2 ml min QD 2 m 2 ml min G Q nm s 1 ml 1 min G Q nm s 1 ml 1 min

20 ±

21

22 σ Γ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Discussion σ

23 σγ

24 Conclusions σ σ Acknowledgement Nomenclature

25 Γ α γ µ ψ σ σ φ θ

26

27

28

29 400 D 2 Μm Gnms

30 Highlights Our model for aggregation is extended to allow for adhesion and repulsion. We quantify the rate of aggregation and the contributions of cementing and adhesion Nano-scale properties of crystals influence both cementing and adhesion