Science MCAS tomorrow and Thursday. Next week, 3 review days then book test

Transcription

1 Science MCAS tomorrow and Thursday After MCAS, Jurassic Park! Next week, 3 review days then book test Last year on the Grade 8 Science MCAS, 39% of students scored Proficient and above. Guess how Norwell students did?

2 Physical Science Review Study guide available in dropbox Go over the bottom 8 out of 16: > Measurement (68%) > Examples of Elements & Compounds (71%) > Mixtures & Pure Substance (66%) > Motion (63%) > Potential & Kinetic Energy (54%) > Heat & Temperature (60%) > Particle Motion in Phase Changes (61%) > Heat Transfer: Hot to Cold (65%) The best job was on Distance vs Time Graphs (80%) - a MATH topic! Open response practice Homework: Re-do your lowest PS quia and add notes to the study guide.

3 Measurement Recognize that the measurement of volume and mass requires understanding of the sensitivity of measurement tools (e.g., rulers, graduated cylinders, balances) and knowledge and appropriate use of significant digits. Which tools could you use to measure (name 2 for each): mass? volume? length? Why choose a graduated cylinder over a beaker? The reading error is 10% of the smallest division on your measuring tool. Write down the reading error for the following: 100 ml beaker 10 cm ruler 10 ml graduated cylinder What is the reading and error for this figure?

4 48% correct New carpet is being measured for a room that is 5.5 m by 4.6 m. On a measuring tape, what is the smallest unit that is necessary to measure the room accurately for the carpet? A. millimeters B. centimeters C. meters D. kilometers

5 Examples of Elements & Compounds Give basic examples of elements and compounds. Circle the compounds and draw box around the elements: H2O O2 CO2 H2 C6H12O6 Ar Which can be broken down chemically into simpler pure substances? Elements Compounds Neither

6 59% correct Because sulfur cannot be decomposed by simple chemical methods into two or more different substances, it is classified as A. an element B. a compound C. a mixture D. a molecule

7 Mixtures & Pure Substances Differentiate between mixtures and pure substances. Which of the following is a mixture? Which of the following is a mixture? helium air water oxygen Mixtures form from physical processes. Which is an example of a physical process? rusting dissolving cooking burning

8 58% correct Sulfur (S), oxygen (O 2 ), water (H 2 O), and sodium chloride (NaCl) are all examples of pure substances. Which of the following describes all pure substances? A. A pure substance consists of only one type of element. B. A pure substance has a definite chemical composition. C. A pure substance cannot be broken down into simpler substances. D. A pure substance is normally found as a solid at room temperature. 58% correct Which of the following is an example of the formation of a mixture? A. rust forming on an iron nail B. sugar crystals dissolving in water C. sodium and chlorine forming table salt D. hydrogen and oxygen reacting to produce water

9 Motion Explain and give examples of how the motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed. Distance = velocity x time If you know distance and velocity, how do you find time? If you know distance and time, how do you find velocity? If you know velocity and time, how do you find distance?

10 52% correct A student rolls a ball down the ramp shown in the picture below. The ramp is supported by four stacked books. The student removes two books from the stack supporting the ramp and rolls the ball down the ramp again. Which of the following statements best describes how the ball s motion is different after the books are removed? A. The ball accelerates more quickly down the ramp. B. The ball has a higher speed at the top of the ramp. C. The ball takes more time to reach the bottom of the ramp. D. The ball has a higher average speed when it rolls off the ramp.

11 Potential and Kinetic Energy Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy. Identify situations where kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy and vice versa. What is energy of motion called? What is stored energy? How do you get more potential energy? How do you get more kinetic energy?

12 43% correct The diagram below shows some positions in the path of a pendulum swinging from a fixed point called a fulcrum. The pendulum is raised to the start position and released. At which two numbered positions is the potential energy of the pendulum most likely the same? A. position 1 and position 3 B. position 1 and position 4 C. position 2 and position 3 D. position 2 and position 4

13 41% correct A ball will be rolled four times. In which of the following situations will some of the kinetic energy of the ball be converted into potential energy as the ball rolls?

14 Heat and Temperature Recognize that heat is a form of energy and that temperature change results from adding or taking away heat from a system. Circle the correct choice: The more mass an object has, the higher its (heat/temperature). The faster the molecules move, the higher its (heat/temperature) Which has a higher temperature but lower heat? an iceberg a burning match Evaporation (liquid to gas) means you are absorbing heat (endothermic), so you feel: warmer cooler

15 47% correct When a person s sweat evaporates, the person feels cooler. Which of the following statements best describes why sweating helps the person feel cool? A. Heat is absorbed by sweat when it evaporates. B. Heat is absorbed by the body when sweat evaporates. C. The temperature of the water in sweat goes down when it evaporates. D. The temperature of the water in the body goes up when sweat evaporates.

16 Particle Motion in Phase Changes Explain the effect of heat on particle motion through a description of what happens to particles during a change in phase. Particles in which phase move the slowest? If you go from solid to liquid, or liquid to gas, you have to: absorb energy (endothermic) release energy (exothermic) What does condensation mean?

17 47% correct A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears? A. The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid. B. Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can. C. The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air. D. Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid.

18 Heat Transfer: Hot to Cold Give examples of how heat moves in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach equilibrium. Heat flows form to.

19 58% correct A flowing stream contains water at 18 C. Cans of soft drinks at 28 C are lowered into the stream. Which of the following will most likely occur? A. The soft drink cans will absorb cold energy from the stream s water. B. The cans will cool until their temperature is the same as the stream s. C. The temperature of the soft drinks will not change since the cans are sealed. D. The temperature of the cans will decrease to freezing as long as the stream is flowing. 58% correct The surface of a heated metal object measures 120 C. It is dropped into a bucket filled with water measuring 10 C. Which of the following is most likely to occur? A. Both the water and metal will adjust to the same temperature below 10 C. B. The water and metal will adjust to different temperatures above 120 C. C. The water will remain the same temperature, but the metal will cool to 10 C. D. The water and metal will adjust to the same temperature between 10 C and 120 C.

20 L'image ci-dessous montre un échantillon de liquide dans une éprouvette graduée. Open Response Practice a. Identifier ce que la propriété de l'échantillon est mesurée avec l'éprouvette graduée. b. Identifier la mesure de l'échantillon dans le cylindre gradué. Inclure unités et utiliser le bon nombre de chiffres significatifs dans votre réponse. L'échantillon entier a été transféré dans un bêcher de 100 ml, comme indiqué cidessous. c. Identifier la mesure de l'échantillon dans le bécher. Inclure unités et utiliser le bon nombre de chiffres significatifs dans votre réponse. d. Expliquer la raison pour laquelle les mesures sont comptabilisés différemment lorsque l'échantillon se trouve dans l'éprouvette graduée et quand il est dans le bécher.