Literature Report. Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Arylpyrroles and Styrenes. : Zhong Yan : Ji Zhou :
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1 Literature eport Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral ylpyrroles and Styrenes eporter Checker Date : Zhong Yan : Ji Zhou : Tan, B. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, Tan, B. et al. at. Commun. 2017, 8,
2 Contents 1 ntroduction 2 Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral ylpyrroles 3 Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes 4 Summary
3 CV of Bin Tan Education: M.S., Xiamen University Ph.D., anyang Technological University, Singapore Postdoc., The Scripps esearch nstitute Associate Professor., South University of Science and Bin Tan Technology esearch: 核心骨架结构导向的催化不对称合成 现代催化体系和绿色合成新方法的开发 金属与有机催化协同的催化体系应用 手性药物的开发和天然产物策略全合成 3
4 ntroduction ' H 2 CPA ( 10 mol%) '' LA ( 10 mol%) ' '' CPA 9-anthryl P H 9-anthryl Tan, B. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, u H CH Amine ( 5 mol%) u CH H Amine = TPS, = 3,5- ( CH 3)2C 6 H 3 Tan, B. et al. at. Commun. 2017, 8,
5 Axially Chiral ylpyrroles Cl H Cl Cl H A Marinopyrrole Cl H Chiral arylpyrrole Me F 3 C H Ph Ph H Me B Murrastifoline-F C Amino alcohol chiral ligand
6 esolution of acemic ylpyrroles F 3 C C 2 H C 2 H H H 2 C 2 CH 3 EtH, rt, 2 h (S) -1 ( ) -2 (±) -1 () -2 ( a ) a q. a 2 C 3 (b) 15% aq. HCl F 3 C H Ph Ph 4 steps F 3 C C 2 H C 2 H (S) -3 69% yield, 99% ee (S) -1 80% yield, >96% ee Faigl, F. et al. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2011, 22, 1879.
7 Asymmetric Paal-Knorr eaction Paal-Knorr reaction ' H 2 id ' -H 2 id -H 2 ' H ' id H ' ' H 2 CPA ( 10 mol%) '' LA ( 10 mol%) ' '' CPA 9-anthryl P H 9-anthryl 30 examples up to 95% yield up to 97% ee Tan, B. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 1714.
8 Asymmetric Paal-Knorr eaction C 2 Me C 2 Me H 2 CPA ( 10 mol%) Solvent,T 1a 2a 3aa P H () -C1: = 9- phenanthryl () -C2: = 3,5- (CF 3)2C 6 H 3 (S) -C3: = 9-anthr yl (S) -C4: = 2,4,6- ( i Pr )3 C 6 H 2 (S) -C5: = 1- pyrenyl (S) -C6: = 1-na phthyl (S) -C7: = 4-ClC 6 H 4 P H () -C8: = 9- phenanthryl () -C9: = 9-anthr yl P H (S) -C10: = 9- phenanthryl Entry CPA T Solvent Yield (%) Ee (%) 1 ()-C1 rt CCl ()-C2 rt CCl (S)-C3 rt CCl (S)-C4 rt CCl (S)-C5 rt CCl (S)-C6 rt CCl (S)-C7 rt CCl
9 Asymmetric Paal-Knorr eaction C 2 Me C 2 Me H 2 CPA (10 mol%) Solvent, T 1a 2a 3aa Entry CPA T Solvent Yield (%) Ee (%) 8 ()-C8 rt CCl 4 92 <5 9 ()-C9 rt CCl (S)-C10 rt CCl (S)-C3 rt DCM (S)-C3 rt Toluene (S)-C3 rt Cyclohexane (S)-C3 rt MeH (S)-C3 0 CCl a (S)-C3 0 CCl b (S)-C3 0 CCl b (S)-C3 0 CCl 4 /Cyclohexane (1:4) a MgS 4 (100 mg) was added, b MgS 4 (100 mg) and Fe(Tf) 3 (10 mol%) was added.
10 Substrate Scope H 2 (S)-C3 (10 mol%) Fe(Tf)3 (10 mol%) CCl 4/Cyclohexane (1:4) MgS4, 0 o C 1a-1h 2a 3aa-3ha C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me Cl F 3aa 4.0 d, 96% ee (95%) 3ba 4.0 d, 95% ee (93%) 3ca 3.5 d, 95% ee (91%) 3da 4.0 d, 90% ee (93%) C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me Me Cl Cl F Cl F CF 3 3ea 4.0 d, 86% ee (91%) 3fa 4.0 d, 94% ee (94%) 3ga 4.0 d, 95% ee (92%) 3ha 3.5 d, 97% ee (93%)
11 Substrate Scope H 2 (S)-C3 (10 mol%) Fe(Tf)3 (10 mol%) CCl 4/Cyclohexane (1:4) MgS4, 0 o C 1i-1n 2a 3ia-3na C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Et S 3ia 4.5 d, 86% ee (86%) C 2 i Pr 3ja 4.5 d, 86% ee (93%) C 2allyl 3ka 4.0 d, 96% ee (94%) C 2 3la 4.0 d, 96% ee (92%) 3ma 4.0 d, 95% ee (90%) 3na 4.0 d, 94% ee (91%)
12 Substrate Scope C 2 Me 1a C 2 Me H 2 2a-2h (S) - C3 ( 10 mol%) Fe ( Tf)3 (10 mol%) CCl 4 /Cyclohexane ( 1:4) MgS 4, 0 o C 3aa-3ah C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me H 3aa 4.0 d, 96% ee ( 95%) 3ab 4.0 d, 94% ee ( 95%) 2 3ac 4.0 d, 98% ee ( 83%) Ph 3ad 4.0 d, 96% ee ( 95%) C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me Ph Ph Cl Me 3ae 4.0 d, 85% ee ( 94%) Me 3af 4.0 d, 88% ee ( 86%) 3ag 4.0 d, 90% ee ( 95%) 3ah 4.0 d, 86% ee ( 94%)
13 Synthetic Application C 2 Me C 2 Me H 2 (S) - C3 ( 10 mol%) Fe ( Tf)3 (10 mol%) CCl 4 /Cyclohexane ( 1:4) MgS 4, 0 o C 1a 2a 3aa (3.2 mmol, 1.01 g) 92% yield, 95% ee C 2 Me C 2 Me H 2 PPh 2 (S) - C3 ( 10 mol%) Fe ( Tf)3 (10 mol%) 1a Cl 2i CCl 4 /Cyclohexane ( 1:4) MgS 4, 0 o C, 5 d PPh 2 Cl 3ai 41% yield, 88% ee
14 Generality of the Solvent-Dependence C 2 Me C 2 Me H 2 (S)-C3 (10 mol%) Fe(Tf)3 (10 mol%) CCl 4 /EtH (1:3), rt 1 2a 3 Entry a (S)-3 Yield (%) b Ee (%) c 1 3--C 6 H 4 3aa Cl-C 6 H 4 3ba F-C 6 H 4 3ca naphthyl 3ia thienyl 3ja a 1 (0.15 mmol), 2a (0.1 mmol), (S)-C3 (0.01 mmol) and Fe(Tf) 3 (0.01 mmol) in CCl 4 /EtH (0.5 ml/1.5 ml). b solated yield. c Determined by HPLC.
15 Proposed eaction Process C 2 Me C 2 Me H 2 CPA (10 mol%) Fe(Tf)3 (10 mol%) Solvent H 2 id -H 2 C 2 Me C 2 Me C 2 Me H id H A Key intermediate for asymmetric control B
16 Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes u H u CH CH Amine (5 mol%) 24 examples up to 99% yield up to 95% ee H Amine = TPS, = 3,5-(C H 3)2C 6 H 3 Tan, B. et al. at. Commun. 2017, 8, 15238
17 Axially Chiral Styrenes 1 3 Base 1 M 3 E H 2 2 E chiral achiral racemic Axially chiral styrenes Ph Ph Ph Ph Me Et KH Me K Et Me Me Me Et Me Me Et Et Et Et Et 1 93% ee 2 66% ee 3 65% ee at -20 o C 34% ee stirred at rt for 1 h Fuji, K. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9694.
18 Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrenes u u u H H H H H Several unprecedented issues: 1) Selection of suitable nucleophiles? 2) Styrenes exist axial chirality or not? 3) How to control E/Z selectivity? 4) How to control enantioselectivity? u H 2 CH Tan, B. et al. at. Commun. 2017, 8, 15238
19 Computed otation Barriers F S CH CH Me CH CH H A B C D E Barrier t 1/2 ( 25 o C) 67.8 KJ/mol s KJ/mol 4476 days KJ/mol 5 days KJ/mol days KJ/mol 3272 days
20 ptimization of the eactions CH 10 mol% Cat. Solvent, T 1a 2a 3a CH H Cat. C1-C7 C1: = TMS, = Ph C2: = TMS, = 3,5- ( CF 3)2C 6 H 3 C3: = TMS, = 3,5- ( CH 3)2C 6 H 3 C4: = TBS, = 3,5- ( CH 3)2C 6 H 3 C5: = TPS, = 3,5- ( CH 3)2C 6 H 3 C6: = TBS, = Ph C6: = TPS, = Ph Entry a Cat. T Solvent Yield (%) b Ee (%) c 1 C1 rt CHCl C2 rt CHCl 3 trace D 3 C3 rt CHCl C4 rt CHCl C5 rt CHCl C6 rt CHCl C7 rt CHCl C5 rt DCM C5 rt toluene C5 (5 mol%) rt DCM C5 (5 mol%) 0 DCM C5 (5 mol%) -20 DCM trace D 13 d C5 (5 mol%) 0 DCM a 1a (0.05 mmol), 2a (1.1 eq.), cat. (10 mol%), solvent (0.5 ml), rt, 24 h. b solated yield. c Determined by HPLC. d Li (0.025 mmol) was added.
21 Substrate Scope or 1a C C 1b 2a-f CH 5 mol% C5 Li, DCM, 0 o C u 3a-f CH CH CH CF 3 CH S 2 Ph 3a 96% yield, 94% ee 3b 95% yield, 90% ee 3c 40% yield 82% ee ( Z/E = 96/4) CH CH CH Me 3d 99% yield, 92% ee 3e 75% yield, 87% ee 3f 99% yield, 88% ee
22 Substrate Scope or 1a C C 1b 2g-l CH 5 mol% C5 Li, DCM, 0 o C u 3g-l CH CH CH CH 3g 99% yield, 88% ee 3h 99% yield, 87% ee 3i 89% yield, 54% ee C C C C CH C CH C CH i Pr 3j 99% yield, 95% ee 3k 93% yield, 94% ee 3l 98% yield, 86% ee
23 Substrate Scope u H CH 5 mol% C5 Li, DCM, 0 o C u CH 1c- j 2a 3m-t Cl CH CH CH CH 3m 92% yield, 94% ee 3n 89% yield, 94% ee 3o 99% yield, 94% ee 3p 87% yield, 94% ee C 2 Me C 2 Et Cl CH CH CH CH 3q 49% yield, 90% ee 3r 57% yield 90% ee ( Z/E = 90/10) 3s 93% yield, 2.1:1 dr 85% ee ( ma j or ) 96% ee ( minor ) 3t 97% yield, 2.3:1 dr 86% ee ( ma j or ) 94% ee ( minor )
24 Synthetic Application CH 2 H abh 4 CuCl H C 2 H 4 67 yield, 94% ee TsH HCH 2 CH 2 H 3n 94% ee CH n BuLi 5 51 yield, 94% ee H 6 63 yield, 94% ee 7 48 yield, 94% ee H Zn CH Ph 3 PCH 3 K CF 3-10 o C CF 3 CF yield > 99/1 dr, 99% ee 3u 99% ee 9 80 yield, 99% ee
25 Summary ' H 2 CPA ( 10 mol%) '' LA ( 10 mol%) ' '' CPA 9-anthryl P H 9-anthryl Tan, B. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, u H CH Amine ( 5 mol%) u CH H Amine = TPS, = 3,5- ( CH 3)2C 6 H 3 Tan, B. et al. at. Commun. 2017, 8,
26 The First Paragraph As one of the most prominent classes of heterocyclic compounds, pyrroles are key structural motifs in biologically active compounds and useful building blocks in the synthesis of natural products, as well as in material sciences. cordingly, their synthesis has always been among the most important research areas in synthetic chemistry and numerous methods have been widely developed. ne of the most common approaches for the construction of pyrroles is the Paal Knorr reaction in which 1,4-diketones are converted into pyrroles from the reaction with primary amine or ammonia by acid-mediated dehydrative cyclization. emarkably, this reaction was first reported in 1884; however, catalytic asymmetric Paal Knorr pyrrole synthesis still remained elusive to date.
27 The First Paragraph ne of the easily missing reasons is the absence of intrinsic chirality at the pyrrole, revealing no obvious handle for asymmetric induction. We questioned whether the formation of chiral pyrroles in the course of the reaction would be feasible. Here we report an acid-catalyzed asymmetric Paal Knorr reaction for atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral arylpyrroles
28 The Last Paragraph n summary, we have developed a general and efficient method for accessing enantiomerically pure arylpyrroles by utilizing the first catalytic asymmetric Paal Knorr reaction. A wide range of axially chiral arylpyrroles were obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The combined-acid catalytic system involving a Lewis acid and a chiral phosphoric acid was the key point to improve the enantioselectivity. nterestingly, an unexpected solvent-dependent inversion of the enantioselectivity was observed. We anticipate that this strategy will be applied to natural product synthesis and the axially chiral arylpyrroles will have potential application in asymmetric catalysis.
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