Polymer Coated Titania for Analytical and Preparative Reversed-Phase Chromatography
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1 Polymer Coated tania for Analytical and Preparative Reversed-Phase Chromatography Pittcon 2005 CLAYT V. MCEFF 1, BIGWE YA 1, JCHE WIKLER 2 1 ZirChrom Separations, Inc., 617 Pierce Street, Anoka, M Sachtleben, Duisburg, Germany STABLE-1
2 utline Properties of tania RP Phase Stationary Phase Chromatographic Data Selectivity Comparison of Sachtopore-RP, Silica C18, ZirChrom-CARB, and ZirChrom-PBD Effect of Lewis Base Mobile Phase Additive on Elution of Basic Compounds Chemical and Thermal Stability Testing Conclusion - The Sachtopore -RP shows very similar selectivity to ZirChrom -PBD and has excellent stability from ph 1-12 and up to 100 o C.
3 Element Electronic Structures Silicon (element 14; 2.3 g/cc; Si 4+ ionic radius Å) e3s 2 3p 2 tanium (element 22; 4.5 g/cc; 4+ ionic radius Å) Ar3d 2 4s 2 Zirconium (element 40; 6.5 g/cc; Zr 4+ ionic radius Å) Kr4d 2 5s 2 All have four valence electrons so some chemistry is similar, but presence of d orbitals and very electropositive nature allow and Zr (metals) to form strong electron donor-acceptor complexes (coordination chemistry).
4 Surface Chemistry of tania- Based Supports for HPLC H H H 2 H H 2 H 2 Weak Brönsted Acid: Weak Brönsted Base: Strong Lewis Acid: + H + H + H2 P + H + P - H SCX mode
5 tania Crystal Forms Crystallographic data and pi values of sorbents Anatase (tetragonal), 300 o C Rutile (tetragonal), 600 o C Brookite (orthorhombic), 850 o C. Si 2 2 Al 2 3 Zr 2 Ionisation potential (V) (Si 4+ ) ( 4+ ) (Al 3+ ) (Zr 4+ ) Coordination number Ion radius (A) 0.41 (Si 4+ ) 0.68 ( 4+ ) 0.5 (Al 3+ ) 0.8 (Zr 4+ ) Ionisation potential/coordination number (V) pi of sorbent (ph) Porosities of test columns (%) Anatase Rutile
6 Polyethylene Coated tania [ CH 2 -CH ] 2 n Polyethylene H H H 2 H H 2 H 2
7 22 on-electrolyte Solutes onpolar Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene p-xylene Propylbenzene Butylbenzene Cl Polar Br Cl Bromobenzene p-dichlorobenzene Anisole Methylbenzoate aphathalene Acetonphenone 2 C 2 2 Cl Benzonitrile itrobenzene p-itrotoluene p-itrobenzyl Chloride Benzophenone Cl HB Donor H H H H H H Benzylalcohol 3-Phenyl Propanol -Benzyl Formamide Phenol p-chlorophenol
8 Selectivity Comparison ZirChrom-PBD ZirChrom-CARB Silica C18 Sachtopore -RP benzyl formamide benzyl alcohol phenol 3-phenyl propanol p-chlorophenol acetophenone benzonitrile nitrobenzene methylbenzoate anisole p-chlorotoluene p-nitrobenzyl chloride benzophenone bromobenzene naphthalene p-xylene p-dichlorobenzene benzene toluene ethyl benzene propyl benzene butyl benzene Solute LC Conditions: Mobile phase, 40/60 AC/Water; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, 30 o C; Injection volume, 5ul; Detection at 254nm. log (k' Solute/k' benzene)
9 κ-κ Comparison 45.0 k' (PBD, CARB, C18) Sachtopore -RP vs Silica-C18 Sachtopore -RP vs ZirChrom-CARB Sachtopore -RP vs ZirChrom-PBD R 2 = R 2 = R 2 = k' (Schtopore RP) LC Conditions: Mobile phase, 40/60 AC/Water; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, 30 o C; Injection volume, 5ul; Detection at 254nm. Reference: Melander, W.; Stoveken, J.; Horvath, C. J. Chromatogr. 1980, 199,
10 Chemical Stability ph 1.0 ph toluene toluene k' 4.0 methyl benzoate k' 4.0 Methyl benzoate 2.0 anisole 2.0 anisole Benzonitrile Column Volumes 0.0 Benzonitrile Column Volumes Exposure and Evaluation Conditions: Mobile phase, 15/85 AC/0.1M itric acid, ph 1.0, or 0.01M Tetramethylammoniumhydroxide, ph 12.0; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, 30 o C; Injection volume, 5 µl; Detection at 254 nm; Column, 50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. Sachtopore -RP.
11 Temperature Stability at 100 o C 3.0 toluene 2.0 k' 1.0 methyl benzoate anisole Benzonitrile Column Volumes Exposure and Evaluation Conditions: Mobile phase, 15/85 AC/water; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, 100 o C with Metalox heater; Injection volume, 5 ml; Detection at 254 nm; Column, 50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., Sachtopore -RP.
12 Effect of Lewis Base Additive on Separation of Basic Drugs A B C min Chromatographic Conditions: Column 50X4.6 mm Sachtopore -RP, Mobile phase: 30/70 AC/20 mm buffer (ph=7). (A) ammonium acetate, (B) ammonium fluoride, (C) ammonium phosphate. flow rate: 1ml/min, temperature: 40 o C. Wavelength: 254 nm. Solutes: (1) lidocaine, (2) quinidine, (3) tryptamine, (4) amitriptyline, and (5) nortriptyline.
13 Effect of Ionic Strength on Separation of Basic Drugs (A) 10 mm (B) 15 mm (C) 20 mm min Chromatographic Conditions: Column 50X4.6 mm Sachtopore -RP, Mobile phase: 30/70 AC/phosphate buffer (ph=7). (A) 10 mm, (B) 15 mm, (C) 15 mm. flow rate: 1ml/min, temperature: 40 o C. Wavelength: 254 nm. Solutes: (1) lidocaine, (2) quinidine, (3) tryptamine, (4) amitriptyline, and (5) nortriptyline.
14 Antihistimines Separation at ph 10 45,0 mau 230 nm 40,0 H CH 3 5 H CH H 3 C 30, : maleic acid 4: Diphenylpyraline Cl 20,0 2: Carbinoxamine Cl CH3 H 3 C 5: Phenyltoloxamine 10,0 3: Chlorphenamine 0,0-5,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 min 10,0 12,0 15,0 LC Cconditions: Mobile phase, 74% (50 mm H 3 P mm KH 2 P 4 ), 26% AC, ph 10; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, Ambient; Injection volume, 20 µl; Detection at 220 nm; Column, Sachtopore -RP (300 Å, 3 µm, 150x4 mm).
15 Separation of Basic Cardiac Drugs at ph 10 33,0 mau 230 nm H H 3 C H C H 3 H 25, H 3 C 1: Trapidil H H 3 C C H 3 H 3 C H 3 C 2: Metoprolol I H H H 5: Dipyridamole C H 3 20,0 2 I 3: ifedipine 4: Amiodarone H 3 C C H 3 15,0 5 7: Etafenone 6 H 3 C C 10,0 4 H 3 C H 3 C C H 3 C H 3 6: Verapamil 7 5,0-1,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 15,0 LC Cconditions: Mobile phase, 70% (10 mm Borax + 10 mm Soda), 30% AC, ph 10; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, Ambient; Injection volume, 20 µl; Detection at 230 nm; Column, Sachtopore -RP (300 Å, 3 µm, 150x4 mm). min
16 Semi-Prep Separation of Pentifylline (vasodilator) 1800 SLB16 #69 A15 UV_VIS-1 mau 280 nm Particle Sizes: 3,5,10,20,40, micron 1 mm Pores sizes: 60, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 2000 Angstroms min ,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 LC Cconditions: Mobile phase, (+ 10 mm a 2 B mm H 3 B 3 ), ph 8.8; Flow rate, 1.0 ml/min.; Temperature, Ambient; Injection volume, 20 µl; Detection at 254 nm; Column, Sachtopore -RP (300 Å, 3 µm, 150 x 4 mm).
17 Conclusions The Sachtopore -RP shows similar selectivity to ZirChrom -PBD (DS-like for neutrals). The Sachtopore -RP has excellent stability from ph 1-12 and up to 100 o C. The type of Lewis base buffer has a profound effect on selectivity for Sachtopore -RP. Basic (amine) analytes generally undergo RP/CEX mixed-mode retention mechanism on Sachtopore -RP.
18 Acknowledgments Dr. Jochen Winkler Sachtleben Dr. Bingwen Yan - ZirChrom Visit Us at Booth STABLE-1 For more information and web access to the free Buffer Wizard:
Polymer Coated Titania for Analytical and Preparative Reversed-Phase Chromatography
Polymer Coated tania for Analytical and Preparative Reversed-Phase Chromatography EAS 200 BIGWE YA 1, CLAYT V. MCEFF 1, JCHE WIKLER 2 1 ZirChrom Separations, Inc., 617 Pierce Street, Anoka, M 303 2 Sachtleben,
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