2015 AP Biology Unit 2 Quiz 1- Introduction to the Cell and Biochemistry Week of 28Sept- 08Oct

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1 Name: Class: _ Date: _ 2015 AP Biology Unit 2 Quiz 1- Introduction to the Cell and Biochemistry Week of 28Sept- 08Oct Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table the same? A) They have the same number of protons. B) They have the same number of neutrons. C) They have the same number of electrons. D) They have the same number of electrons in their valence shell. E) They have the same number of electron shells. 2) Which of the following effects is produced by the high surface tension of water? A) Lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. B) A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond. C) Organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. D) Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating. E) Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants. 3) Liquid water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the A) small size of the water molecules. B) high specific heat of oxygen and hydrogen atoms. C) absorption and release of heat when hydrogen bonds break and form. D) fact that water is a poor heat conductor. E) higher density of liquid water than solid water (ice). 1

2 Name: 4) Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted here is most likely A) positively charged. B) negatively charged. C) without charge. D) hydrophobic. E) nonpolar. 5) Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature? A) water's change in density when it condenses B) water's ability to dissolve molecules in the air C) the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds D) the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds E) water's high surface tension 2

3 Name: 6) The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to A) the chemical bonding versatility of carbon atoms. B) the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. C) the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. D) their interaction with water. E) their tremendously large sizes. 7) How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 8) A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? A) ionic B) hydrogen C) covalent D) covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds E) ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 3

4 Name: 9) What is the chemical reaction mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers? A) phosphodiester linkages B) hydrolysis C) dehydration reactions D) ionic bonding of monomers E) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers 10) Which of the following statements is true for the class of biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and phosphate. C) They contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates. D) They are made by dehydration reactions. E) They contain nitrogen. 11) There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another? A) different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon B) different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups C) different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon D) different structural and optical isomers E) different asymmetric carbons 4

5 Name: 12) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bonds D) phosphodiester bonds E) peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds 13) An atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell. How many unpaired electrons does it have? A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 2 or 4 14) A covalent chemical bond is one in which A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. C) outer shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. D) outer shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom. E) an electron occupies a hybrid orbital located between the nuclei of two atoms. 5

6 Name: 15) Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1? A) B) C) D) E) 16) Each of the following molecules is a polymer EXCEPT: A) protein C) cellulose B) glucose D) starch 6

7 Name: 17) The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; and A) all existing cells form by free-cell formation. B) all cells are eukaryotic. C) all existing cells are produced by other living cells. D) all cells have a nucleus. 18) Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have A) DNA. B) a cell membrane. C) cytoplasm. D) a nucleus. 19) Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called A) organelles. B) prokaryotes. C) eukaryotes. D) nuclei. 20) Which of the following is a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell? A) vesicles B) vacuole C) cytoskeleton D) cytoplasm 7

8 Name: 21) What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus? A) communicate with other cells B) convert solar energy to chemical energy C) process and deliver proteins D) copy genetic material 22) Which of the following organelles can be found in the cytoplasm and on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum? A) mitochondria B) centrosomes C) ribosomes D) centrioles 23) Which organelle contains enzymes that break down damaged cell parts? A) centriole B) lysosomes C) vacuole D) mitochondria 24) What are the main differences between plant and animal cells? A) Animal cells are eukaryotes and plant cells are not. B) Plant cells are eukaryotes and animal cells are not. C) Animal cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; plant cells do not. D) Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; animal cells do not. 8

9 Name: 25) Which word best describes the structure of the cell membrane? A) layered B) rigid C) impermeable D) nonpolar 26) What is a phospholipid composed of? A) a polar head and a nonpolar tail B) a nonpolar head and a polar tail C) a polar head and tail D) a nonpolar head and tail 27) Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability? A) some molecules pass B) all ions pass C) large molecules pass D) all molecules pass 28) Which phrase best describes passive transport? A) requires transport proteins B) requires no energy from the cell C) requires an isotonic solution D) requires facilitation by enzymes 9

10 Name: 29) Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is A) hypertonic. B) hypotonic. C) isotonic. D) concentrated. 30) What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane? A) osmosis B) equilibrium C) transport D) isotonic 31) The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through transport proteins in the cell membrane is a type of A) selective transport. B) osmosis. C) energy expenditure. D) facilitated diffusion. 32) The difference in the concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called a A) concentration gradient. B) concentrated solution. C) saline solution. D) dynamic gradient. 10

11 Name: Matching: Organic Macromolecules Match the structures below to the correct description. A) D) B) E) C) F) 1) 33.) protein; primary structure 2) 34.) glucose 3) 35.) starch 4) 36.) phospholipid 5) 37.) protein; secondary structure 6) 38.) protein; tertiary structure 11