MSC. ISMAIL M.ALI DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TIKRIT UNIVERSITY
|
|
- Eunice Johns
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 LECTURE 1 SYLLABUS FOR FIRST CLASS MSC. ISMAIL M.ALI DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TIKRIT UNIVERSITY
2 MANDATORY CLASS: 1ST ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CH 122 Teaching scheme: 2 hours lecture per week Credits: 6 Course description Is an introduction to organic chemistry, focusing primarily on the basic principles to understand the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. Emphasis is on substitution and elimination reactions and chemistry of the carbonyl group. The course also provides an introduction to the chemistry of aromatic compounds. Objective To impart the basic concepts of organic chemistry To develop understanding about concepts on organic reactions for analysis of unit processes Specific learning outcome The mechanisms can be described in terms of electron shifts, Radical substitution vice versa of alkanes. The physical properties will be explained in terms of the intermolecular forces.
3 TOPICS NO Topics Hours 1 Introduction for Hydrocarbons 2 2 electronic orbitals of carbon compounds, saturated hydrocarbon compound,unsaturated compounds, aromatic compounds cyclic compound 10 3 cracking 4 4 Featured reactions: oxidation and combustion, added, replacement, nitrification halogenated. The Grignard reagent Friedel-Craft, Simon Smith, Swartz, polymerization 4 5 Halides: Halogenation operations hydrocarbon compound ways ionic or free radicals, added, replacement 4 6 Alcohols and phenols: hydrolysis processes for halides 6 7 Ethers: Williamson, operations, replacement 4 8 aldehyde and ketones 6 9 Featured reactions 4 10 Carboxylic acids and important derivatives 4 11 Featured reactions to form organic salts, esters, amino acids, amides 6 12 Amines and some important derivatives 6
4 GRADING No. Assessment Number % each % total Dates 1 Homework (HW), Quizzes(Q Theoretical 2 TEST % TEST % TEST % TEST % Final Exam (F) 1 50% 50 Theoretical Total 85
5 PRACTICAL No. Assessment Number % each % total Dates Report for all Experiences 5% 5 TEST 1 2.5% 2.5 TEST 2 2.5% 2.5 Final Exam 5% 5 Practical Total 15 Overall Total ( Theoretical + Practical) 100
6 Percentage of change: 20% Text Book: Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II, ELBS References: 1. Morrison & Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice- Hall of India- 2. Bahl&Bahl, Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand 3. Sony, P.L., Organic Chemistry, S. Chand
7 TU Examination Pattern (Maximum Marks -30) PART A: preparation the following compounds 6X1 mark-6 marks PART B: naming the following compounds 6X1 mark- 6 marks PART C:drow structure for the following compounds 6X1 mark -6marks PART D : defined the following compounds 6X1 mark- 6marks Part E : show the converter the following compounds 6X1 mark-6marks
8 HYDROCARBONS OBJECTIVES 1. What is organic chemistry? In general, how do organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds? 2. Why are there so many more organic compounds than inorganic compounds? 3. What are hydrocarbons? What structural features identify alkanes? Alkenes? Alkynes? Aromatic hydrocarbons? 4. How are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons named using IUPAC nomenclature? 5. What are the physical and chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons? objectives
9 OBJECTIVES 6. What is an alkyl group? 7. What are some products from reactions of alkanes? How are they formed? 8. What are the major reactions of alkenes? What are the products of those reactions? 9. What are polymers? How are they formed and utilized? 10. What is petroleum and how is it utilized?
10 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Over 10 million compounds made with these 4 elements 95% of compounds contain carbon Form stable, covalent bonds with each other
11 PROPERTIES Organic (Benzene) Low melting pts Low boiling pts Low solubility in water Highly flammable Nonconductive Covalent bonds Inorganic (NaCl) High melting pts High boiling pts Soluble in water Nonflammable Conductive Ionic bonds
12 HYDROCARBONS Compounds containing only two elements Carbon and hydrogen Alkanes: Structures and Names Objectives Identify an alkane Determine what an isomer of an alkane is Identify different types of alkanes
13 ALKANES Saturated Hydrocarbons Called saturated because each carbon is bonded to four other atoms Only single bonds Methane Ethane Propane
14 HOMOLOGY Related compounds Homologs Have properties that vary in a regular and predictable manner A manner of organization Similar to P.T.
15 ISOMERS Different compounds having the same molecular formula Butane Isobutane (isolated branched chain) Pentane Isopentane Neopentane
16 ISOMERS
17 ALKANES CnH2n+2 Representation Structural Formulas Condensed Structural Formulas Butane
18 ALKYL GROUP A group of atoms that results when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane CnH2n+1 Change ane ending to yl Methyl Ethyl Propyl
19 IUPAC NOMENCLATURE Define IUPAC Examine the rules for IUPAC naming Determine the correct names of alkanes Geneva, Switzerland 1892 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC System of Nomenclature (isobutane, isopentane are common names)
20 IUPAC RULES 1. Name the longest chain in the parent compound. End in ane. (Root name) Number each carbon See Example 2. Note the alkyl groups attached 3. Number the carbon that the group is attached to. Must use the lowest number possible. See Example
21 IUPAC RULES CON T 4. Use prefixes to indicate the amount of attached groups See Example 5. If there are more than two or more different substituents, list them in alphabetical order. If at equal points, lower alphabetical order given lowest number See Example
22 6. PREFIXES NOT INCLUDED IN ALPHABETIZING SEE EXAMPLE
23 NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
24 NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING a. 3-ethylhexane b. 2,4-dimethylpentane c. 3-methylhexane d. 4-isopropylheptane
25 DRAW THE STRUCTURAL FORMULAS FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING 4-propylheptane 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane 3-isopropyl-3- methyloctane
26 PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Objectives Determine the physical and physiological properties of alkanes
Chem 1075 Chapter 19 Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline
Chem 1075 Chapter 19 Organic Chemistry Lecture Outline Slide 2 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of and its compounds. The major sources of carbon are the fossil fuels: petroleum, natural gas,
More informationChapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry Functional Group: Be able to identify and name any of the functional groups listed on Table 3.1, pages 76-77. Summary of important functional
More informationElectronegativity Scale F > O > Cl, N > Br > C, H
Organic Chem Chapter 12 Alkanes Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Carbon has several properties that are worth discussing: Tetravalent Always forms 4 bonds Can form multiple bonds (double
More informationHydrocarbons. Chapter 22-23
Chapter 22-23 Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds All Carbon containing compounds Except carbon oxides, carbides, and carbonates which are inorganic. CO & CO2 Na4C CaCO3 +8 oxidation change CH 4 + O 2 CO 2
More information12.1 The Nature of Organic molecules
12.1 The Nature of Organic molecules Organic chemistry: : The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon is tetravalent; it always form four bonds. Prentice Hall 2003 Chapter One 2 Organic molecules have covalent
More informationOrganic Chemistry. A brief introduction
Organic Chemistry A brief introduction Organic Chemistry the study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties excluding: CO, CO 2, CS 2, carbonates and cyanides eight million known organic compounds
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Families of Organic Compounds Organic compounds can be grouped into families by their common structural features We shall survey the nature of the compounds in a tour of the families
More informationMolecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding.
Molecular Geometry: VSEPR model stand for valence-shell electron-pair repulsion and predicts the 3D shape of molecules that are formed in bonding. Sigma and Pi Bonds: All single bonds are sigma(σ), that
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon.
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. In this chapter we will discuss the structural features of organic molecules, nomenclature, and a
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: ALKANES
P a g e 1 Chapter 12 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: ALKANES Organic chemistry: The study of carbon compounds. Carbon is tetravalent; it always forms four bonds. Organic molecules have covalent bonds.
More informationStraight. C C bonds are sp 3 hybridized. Butane, C 4 H 10 H 3 C
Hydrocarbons Straight Chain Alkanes aren t Straight C C bonds are sp 3 hybridized Butane, C 4 H 10 Structural Shorthand Explicit hydrogens (those required to complete carbon s valence) are usually left
More informationHydrocarbons and their Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons and their Functional Groups Organic chemistry is the study of compounds in which carbon is the principal element. carbon atoms form four bonds long chains, rings, spheres, sheets, and tubes
More informationUnit 2, Lesson 01: Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons
Unit 2, Lesson 01: Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry: is the branch of chemistry that deals with carbon-based covalent compounds. living organisms are made up of a huge
More informationAP Chemistry Chapter 22 - Organic and Biological Molecules
AP Chemistry Chapter - Organic and Biological Molecules.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons A. Straight-chain Hydrocarbons 1. Straight-chain alkanes have the formula C n H n+. Carbons are sp hybridized The
More information3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Based on McMurry s Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition, Chapter 3 2003 Ronald Kluger Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 1 Families of Organic Compounds!
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Nomenclature: Alkanes
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature: Alkanes Alkanes Hydrocarbon chains where all the bonds between carbons are SINGLE bonds Name uses the ending ane Examples: Methane, Propane, Butane, Octane, 2-methylpentane
More informationHYDROCARBONS ALKANES
SCH4U1 OC01 HYDROCARBONS Name: Date: Certain organic compounds contain only two elements - hydrogen and carbon. These are known as hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are divided into two main classes - aliphatics
More informationUnit 12 Organic Chemistry
Unit 12 Organic Chemistry Day 138 5/5/14 QOD: What is Organic Chemistry? Do Now: True or false? 1. Electrochemical cells generate electricity. 2. Electrons flow from left to right in a battery. 3. Redox
More informationAlkanes 3/27/17. Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means fat ) - Open chain Aromatic - ring. Alkane Alkene Alkyne
Alkanes EQ 1. How will I define Hydrocarbons? 2. Compare and contrast the 3 types of hydrocarbons (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes). Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means
More informationORGANIC MOLECULES (LIVE) 10 APRIL 2015 Section A: Summary Notes and Examples Naming and Functional Groups
ORGANIC MOLECULES (LIVE) 10 APRIL 2015 Section A: Summary Notes and Examples Naming and Functional Groups Important Features of Carbon There are different allotropes (same element, same phase, different
More informationObjectives. Organic molecules. Carbon. Hydrocarbon Properties. Organic Chemistry Introduction. Organic versus Hydrocarbon 1/1/17
Objectives Organic Chemistry Introduction 8.1 To determine the properties of organic molecules and recognize a hydrocarbon. Use table P and Q to write structural and molecular formulas for hydrocarbons.
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Introduction to Organic Chemistry 01/03/2018. Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry Chemistry 30 Ms. Hayduk Introduction to Organic Chemistry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9r1dmhh2m0 Organic Chemistry Study of compounds that contain carbon as the main element Relevant
More informationIntroduction to Organic Chemistry. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry Copyright The McGraw-ill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Common Elements in Organic Compounds 2 Classification of ydrocarbons ydrocarbons
More informationChemistry 1110 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chapter 10 Chemistry 1110 Exam 4 Study Guide 10.1 Know that unstable nuclei can undergo radioactive decay. Identify alpha particles, beta particles, and/or gamma rays based on physical properties such
More informationCommon Elements in Organic Compounds
Organic hemistry ommon Elements in Organic ompounds lassification of ydrocarbons Alkanes Alkanes have the general formula n 2n+2 where n = 1,2,3, only single covalent bonds saturated hydrocarbons because
More informationUnit 5: Organic Chemistry
Unit 5: Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry: discipline in chemistry focussing strictly on the study of hydrocarbons compounds made up of carbon & hydrogen Organic compounds can contain other elements
More informationBRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9
BRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9 Chapter 11 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes hydrocarbons compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen * 4 families: 1) alkanes only single bonds (includes cycloalkanes)
More informationAlkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons generally fall into 2 general groupings, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain chains and rings of hydrocarbons,
More informationChapter 9. Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds. Organic Chemistry
Chapter 9 Organic Chemistry: The Infinite Variety of Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds. Of tens of millions of known chemical compounds,
More informationvideo 14.4 isomers isomers Isomers have the molecular formula but are rearranged in a structure with different properties. Example: Both C 4 H 10
video 14.4 isomers isomers Isomers have the molecular formula but are rearranged in a structure with different properties. Example: Both C 4 H 10 Butane Methylpropane 1 match the isomers drawing an isomer
More informationChapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds
Chapter 22 Hydrocarbon Compounds 1 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic compounds are carbon compounds and there are over a million. The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons and they are composed of hydrogen
More informationCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
03SEP 18:00 19:00 ORGANIC MOLECULES STUDY NOTES ORGANIC MOLECULES Important features of Carbon Carbon has a valency of 4 (can form 4 bonds), and has 4 valence electrons (outermost energy level). Carbon
More informationChapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
Section 21.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons Section 1 Objectives: Explain the terms organic compound and organic chemistry. Section 21.2 Alkanes Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
More informationDrawing Hydrocarbons. Classifying Hydrocarbons. Four types of diagrams can be used to represent the structure of a hydrocarbon: e.g.
Classifying Hydrocarbons alkanes- single C-C bonds, if all C s have H s attached, molecules are called hydrocarbons alkenes- have one or more C=C bonds alkynes- have one or more CΞC bonds alkenes & alkynes
More informationOrganic Chemistry. A. Introduction
Organic Chemistry A. Introduction 1. Organic chemistry is defined as the chemistry of CARBON compounds. There are a huge number of organic compounds. This results from the fact that carbon forms chains
More informationOrganic Chemistry 17.1
Organic Chemistry 17.1 Introduction to Organic Compounds Naming Alkanes Isomers of Alkanes Naming Cycloalkanes What are Organic Compounds? (1807) The term organic compound originated Meant compounds derived
More informationAn alkane homolog differs only in the number of CH 2 groups. Example: butane: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 and pentane CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 are homolgs.
Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes Reading: Wade chapter 3, sections 3-1- 3-9 Study Problems: 3-33, 3-37, 3-39, 3-40, 3-42 Key Concepts and Skills: Explain and predict trends in the physical properties
More informationChapter 22. Organic and Biological Molecules
Chapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules The Bonding of Carbon Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. Because carbon can form single, double, and triple bonds, the following
More informationCHEM 203 Exam 1. Name Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
CHEM 203 Exam 1 Name Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following elements is a large percentage of both the earth's
More informationAlkanes and Cycloalkanes
Chapter 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Two types Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons 3.1 Alkanes Also referred as aliphatic hydrocarbons General formula: CnH2n+2 (straight chain) and CnH2n (cyclic)
More informationUnit 7 ~ Learning Guide Name:
Unit 7 ~ Learning Guide : Instructions: Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have this
More informationExam 1 (Monday, July 6, 2015)
Chem 231 Summer 2015 Assigned Homework Problems Last updated: Friday, July 24, 2015 Problems Assigned from Essential Organic Chemistry, 2 nd Edition, Paula Yurkanis Bruice, Prentice Hall, New York, NY,
More informationA. They all have a benzene ring structure in the molecule. B. They all have the same molecular formula. C. They all have carbon and hydrogen only
Ch 21 G12 CoreI- Choose the best answer, then transfer your answers to page (1) [32 marks; 2 each] 1. What characteristic do all aromatic hydrocarbons share? A. They all have a benzene ring structure in
More informationAll organic compounds contain carbon, however, not all carbon containing compounds are classified as organic. Organic compounds covalently bonded
Chapter 20 All organic compounds contain carbon, however, not all carbon containing compounds are classified as organic. Organic compounds covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates
More informationFunctional Groups. Functional groups: special groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon skeleton; the most common sites of chemical reactivity.
Functional Groups Functional groups: special groups of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon skeleton; the most common sites of chemical reactivity. Organic halides: a hydrogen is replaced by a halogen fluoro-,
More informationThe International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has developed a system of rules for naming organic molecules.
HYDRCARBNS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES The field of organic chemistry includes the study of hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms covalently bonded together) and their derivatives (variations
More informationDAMIETTA UNIVERSITY. Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY CHEM-103: BASIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LECTURE 5 Dr Ali El-Agamey 1 Energy Diagram of One-Step Exothermic Reaction The vertical axis in this graph represents the potential energy. The transition
More informationChapter 2: An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter : An Introduction to Organic Compounds I. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: Functional groups with similar structure/reactivity may be "grouped" together. A. Functional Groups With Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.
More informationChemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes
Chemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes ydrocarbons: a large family of organic compounds and they contain only carbon and hydrogen. ydrocarbons are divided into two groups: 1. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Organic molecules are everywhere! The Alkanes (See pages 25-4 and 25-5) Naming Alkanes (See pages 25-7 to 25-10)
RGANI EMISTRY hemistry 11 rganic molecules are everywhere! Some common examples: Sucrose (sugar) Methane (natural gas) Butane (lighter fluid) Plastic Acetic Acid (vinegar) Ethanol (fuel additive) What
More informationCHAPTER 2. Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules
CHAPTER 2 Structure and Reactivity: Acids and Bases, Polar and Nonpolar Molecules 2-1 Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Simple Chemical Processes Chemical thermodynamics: Is concerned with the extent that
More informationChapter 1 Reactions of Organic Compounds. Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons
Chapter 1 Reactions of Organic Compounds Reactions Involving Hydrocarbons Reactions of Alkanes Single bonds (C-C) are strong and very hard to break, therefore these compounds are relatively unreactive
More informationFAMILIES of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1 SCH4U October 2016 Organic Chemistry Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon (except: CO, CO 2, HCN, CO 3 - ) Carbon is covalently bonded to another carbon, hydrogen and possibly to oxygen, a halogen
More informationChapter 11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
hapter 11 Introduction to rganic hemistry Properties of arbon and its compounds 2 Properties of arbon and its compounds 3 Properties of arbon and its compounds 4 Properties of arbon and its compounds 5
More informationIntroduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons
Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Chapter 12 Chapter 12 12.1 Organic Compounds 12.2 Alkanes 12.3 Alkanes with Substituents 12.4 Properties of Alkanes 12.5 Alkenes and Alkynes 12.6 Cis-Trans
More informationOrganic Compounds. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons. also contain other nonmetals such as oxygen, nitrogen,
Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons Chapter 12 12.1 Organic Compounds Identify properties characteristic of organic or inorganic compounds. Chapter 12 12.1 Organic Compounds 12.2 Alkanes 12.3
More informationNaming Organic Halides. Properties of Organic Halides
Organic Compounds Organic Halides A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms Freons (chlorofluorocarbons) in refrigeration and air conditioning Teflon (polytetrafluoroethane)
More informationTopic 10.1: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Notes
Topic 10.1: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry Notes Terminology Hydrocarbon: compounds that contain mostly hydrogen and carbon Homologous Series: compounds with the same general formula Molecular Formula:
More informationMonday /3/2017. (Lecture No. 3-4 : Alkanes )
Babylon University / Pharmacy Collage Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Monday.. 13-16/3/2017 (Lecture No. 3-4 : Alkanes ) Classification by structure: the family The basis of organic chemistry, we
More informationChapter 3: Structure and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Focus on Alkanes
hapter 3: Structure and Nomenclature of rganic ompounds Focus on Alkanes rganic molecules are composed of one or more functional groups attached to one or more hydrocarbon groups (alkyl or groups) I. Functional
More informationBasic Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CHEM 104 B
Basic Organic Chemistry Nomenclature CHEM 104 B I have gone ahead and compiled all of the basic naming rules that we will be dealing with into one worksheet. I hope this will be helpful to you as you work
More informationOrganic Chemistry Notes. Chapter 23
Organic Chemistry Notes Chapter 23 What is so special about carbon? Carbon has 4 valence electrons so carbon will always form 4 covalent bonds The simplest organic compound is a hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon
More informationSaturated: Alkanes only single, covalent C-C and C-H bonds, no rings Cycloalkanes same, but contain rings
Hydrocarbons Compounds that contain only Carbon and Hydrogen Types of hydrocarbons: Saturated: Alkanes only single, covalent C-C and C-H bonds, no rings Cycloalkanes same, but contain rings Unsaturated:
More informationThe Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
The Basics of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry By Ball, Hill and Scott Download PDF at https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=40 Page 5 Chapter 1 Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement
More informationby Kevin M. Chevalier
Survey of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Handout 1.2 Alkanes, Part 1 by Kevin M. Chevalier From our previous lesson we learned about hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only
More informationUNIT (7) ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: HYDROCARBONS
UNIT (7) RGANI MPUNDS: YDRARBNS rganic chemistry is the study carbon containing compounds. 7.1 Bonding in rganic ompounds rganic compounds are made up of only a few elements and the bonding is almost entirely
More informationMODULE-16 HYDROCARBONS. Hydrocarbons can be classified according to the types of bonds between the carbon atoms:
MODULE-16 YDROARBONS SATURATED AND UNSATURATED YDROARBONS:- ydrocarbons can be classified according to the types of bonds between the carbon atoms: (i) Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between
More informationOrganic and Biochemical Molecules. 1. Compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
Organic and Biochemical Molecules 1. Compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. 2. A compound is said to be saturated if it contains only singly bonded carbons. Such hydrocarbons
More informationWe refer to alkanes as hydrocarbons because they contain only C (carbon) and H(hydrogen) atoms. Since alkanes are the major components of petroleum
د.لمى سامي احمد كيمياء عضوية كورس اول المرحلة الثانية Alkanes We refer to alkanes as hydrocarbons because they contain only C (carbon) and H(hydrogen) atoms. Since alkanes are the major components of petroleum
More informationALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group connected to
More informationOrganic Chemistry - Introduction
It s All About Carbon! Unit 15: Organic Chemistry Lesson 15.1: Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry - Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. Animals, plants, and other forms
More informationNaming for Chem 201 CH 4
Naming for Chem 201 Functional groups are referred to as such because they function or react differently and give the molecule different properties. Here s a list of the groups you need to be able to name
More information3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
3.1 Introduction to Organic hemistry Organic hemistry is the study of carbon chemistry as carbon has the ability to join together in chains, rings, balls etc. arbon also joins with other elements easily
More informationNomenclature of Organic Compounds Identification of Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons Nomenclature of Organic ompounds Identification of Functional Groups Alkanes - also known as saturated hydrocarbons or the paraffin series because all bond sites between carbon atoms and between
More informationHISTORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
hemistry 52 hapter 12 ISTORY OF ORGANI EMISTRY In the early days of chemistry, scientists classified chemical substances into 2 groups: 1. Inorganic: those that were composed of minerals, such as rocks
More informationHISTORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ISTORY OF ORGANI EMISTRY In the early days of chemistry, scientists classified chemical substances into 2 groups: 1. Inorganic: those that were composed of minerals, such as rocks and nonliving matter.
More informationCHAPTER 24 Organic Chemistry
CHAPTER 24 rganic Chemistry 1. The general formula for alkenes is A. C n H 2n+2 B. C 2n H 2n C. C n H n+2 D. C n H 2n E. C n H 2n 2 2. The general formula of an alkane is A. C n H 2n B. C n H 2n+2 C. C
More informationCarbon Bonding Isomers Naming Reference Tables Functional Groups. Reactions
arbon Bonding Isomers Naming Reference Tables Functional Groups 2 Reactions Not electrolytes; they do not generally conduct electricity. Low melting points; they are nonpolar with weak forces of attraction.
More informationQuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry. QuickTime and a are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry Has
More informationOrganic Chemistry. February 18, 2014
Organic Chemistry February 18, 2014 What does organic mean? Organic Describes products Grown through natural biological process Without synthetic materials In the 18 th century Produced by a living system
More informationExplain how the structure and bonding of carbon lead to the diversity and number of organic compounds.
Section 1 Organic ompounds Objectives Explain how the structure and bonding of carbon lead to the diversity and number of organic compounds. ompare the use of molecular and structural formulas to represent
More informationName Date Class HYDROCARBONS
22.1 HYDROCARBONS Section Review Objectives Describe the relationship between number of valence electrons and bonding in carbon Define and describe alkanes Relate the polarity of hydrocarbons to their
More informationChapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons
Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons 2.1 Classes of Hydrocarbons Classes of Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons are either classed
More informationOrganic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing.
Chapter 21 Lecture Notes Organic Chemistry Intro Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing. The Bonding of Carbon Because carbon has four valence electrons, it can form covalent bonds.
More informationWork hard. Be nice. Name: Period: Date:
Name: Period: Date: UNIT 6: Organic Chemistry Lesson 2: Isomers and Side Chains By the end of today, you will have an answer to: What happens when two different molecules have the same formula? Do Now:
More informationIntroduction to Alkanes
Introduction to Alkanes Alkanes do not react with most reagents for two reasons. First, carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds are very strong due to good orbital overlap. Second, the carbon-hydrogen
More informationChem 1120 Midterm points Dr. Luther Giddings
Chem 1120 Midterm 1 100 points Dr. Luther Giddings Name Instructions: This is a closed book, closed notebook test. You may not discuss this exam with anyone, either during or after the exam, until it has
More informationCHEMISTRY Practice Exam #1
EMISTRY 2210 - Practice Exam #1 Section 1 - Multiple hoice This section of the exam is multiple choice. hoose the BEST answer from the choices which are given and write the letter for your choice in the
More informationOrganic Chemistry Worksheets
Highlight the single longest, continuous carbon-carbon chain. Note the alkyl branches that are connected to the root chain. Count the carbons in the root chain, starting from the end closest to the alkyl
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
INTRODUTION TO ORGANI EMISTRY GENERAL DESRIPTION OF ORGANI EMISTRY The Study of arbon ompounds GENERAL DESRIPTION OF ORGANI EMISTRY The Study of arbon ompounds Organic Man-made Substances Plant or Animal
More informationUnit 14: Organic Chemistry REGENTS CHEMISTRY
REGENTS CHEMISTRY 1 Organic compounds contain carbon atoms which bond to one another in chains, rings, and networks to form a variety of structures. Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system.
More informationChapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon has the ability to form long chains. Without this property, large biomolecules such as proteins,
More informationPELLISSIPPI STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE MASTER SYLLABUS APPLIED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/ LAB CHT 2210
PELLISSIPPI STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE MASTER SYLLABUS APPLIED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY W/ LAB CHT 2210 Class Hours: 3.0 Credit Hours: 4.0 Laboratory Hours: 3.0 Date Revised: Fall 2001 NOTE: This course
More informationORGANIC - EGE 5E CH. 2 - COVALENT BONDING AND CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: HYBRID ORBITAL THEORY The Aufbau Principle states that electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy. If carbon has only two unfilled orbitals, why does it like to
More informationChemistry 11 Hydrocarbon Alkane Notes. In this unit, we will be primarily focusing on the chemistry of carbon compounds, also known as.
1 Chemistry 11 Hydrocarbon Alkane Notes In this unit, we will be primarily focusing on the chemistry of carbon compounds, also known as. Why is organic chemistry so important? Many of the compounds that
More informationOrganic Chemistry 112 A B C - Syllabus Addendum for Prospective Teachers
Chapter Organic Chemistry 112 A B C - Syllabus Addendum for Prospective Teachers Ch 1-Structure and bonding Ch 2-Polar covalent bonds: Acids and bases McMurry, J. (2004) Organic Chemistry 6 th Edition
More informationClassifying Hydrocarbons
Classifying Hydrocarbons alkanes- single C-C bonds, if all C s have H s attached, molecules are called saturated hydrocarbons alkenes- have one or more C=C double bonds alkynes- have one or more CΞC triple
More informationCourse Information. Instructor Information
Jordan University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry Course Syllabus Fall 2018/2019 Course Information Course Number: CHEM 108 Course Name: General and Organic Chemistry Credit Hours: 4
More informationORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Classification of organic compounds
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is very important branch of chemistry and it study the compounds which contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), in general, and may contains other atoms such as oxygen (O),
More information