Ternary Compounds. , to give the compound, NaNO 3, sodium nitrate.

Transcription

1 Ternary Compounds

2 Ternary Compounds Ternary compounds are those containing three different elements. (NaNO 3, NH 4 Cl, etc.). The naming of ternary compounds involves the memorization of several positive and negative polyatomic ions, (two or more atoms per ion), and adding these names to the element with which they combine. i.e., Sodium ion, Na 1+ added to the nitrate ion, NO 3, to give the compound, NaNO 3, sodium nitrate. Binary rules for indicating the oxidation number of metals and for indicating the numbers of atoms present are followed. The polyatomic ions that should be learned are listed in a separate handout.

3 Ternary Compounds NaNO 2 KClO 3 Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Fe(OH) 3 NaHCO 3 sodium nitrite potassium chlorate calcium phosphate iron (III) hydroxide sodium bicarbonate sodium hydrogen carbonate

4 Common Polyatomic Ions Names of Common Polyatomic Ions Ion Name Ion Name NH 1+ 4 ammonium CO 3 carbonate NO 2 nitrite HCO 3 hydrogen carbonate NO 3 nitrate ( bicarbonate is a widely SO 3 sulfite used common name) SO 4 sulfate ClO hypochlorite HSO 4 hydrogen sulfate ClO 2 chlorite ( bisulfate is a widely ClO 3 chlorate used common name) ClO 4 perchlorate OH hydroxide C 2 H 3 O 2 acetate CN cyanide MnO 4 permanganate PO 4 phosphate Cr 2 O 7 dichromate HPO 4 hydrogen phosphate CrO 4 chromate H 2 PO 4 dihydrogen phosphate O 2 peroxide Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 100

5 Ternary Compounds 1. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 calcium phosphate 2. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ammonium carbonate 3. Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 aluminum sulfate 4. Na 2 SO 4 sodium sulfate 5. LiCN lithium cyanide 6. Ba(ClO 3 ) 2 barium chlorate 7. Cu(OH) 2 copper (II) hydroxide

6 Magnesium Phosphate Step 1: Magnesium Phosphate Step 2: Mg 2+ PO 4 Step 3: Mg (PO 4 ) 3 2 Step 4: Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2

7 Polyatomic Ions - Memorize Eight -ATE s PO 4 SO 4 CO 3 ClO 3 NO phosphate phosphate sulfate sulfate carbonate carbonate chlorate chlorate nitrate nitrate Exceptions: NH 4 1+ OH CN.. ammonium hydroxide cyanide

8 Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge. BrO 4 Perbromate ion BrO 3 Bromate ion CO 4 CO 3 Carbonate ion ClO 4 ClO 3 Chlorate ion IO 4 IO 3 Iodate ion NO 4 NO 3 Nitrate ion PO 5 PO 4 Phosphate ion SO 5 SO 4 Sulfate ion BrO 2 Bromite ion BrO Hypobromite ion CO 2 CO ClO 2 ClO IO 2 IO NO 2 NO PO 3 PO 2 SO 3 SO 2 1 more oxygen normal 1 less oxygen 2 less oxygen

9 Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that stay together and have a single, overall charge. BrO 4 Perbromate ion BrO 3 Bromate ion CO 4 CO 3 Carbonate ion ClO 4 ClO 3 Chlorate ion IO 4 IO 3 Iodate ion NO 4 NO 3 Nitrate ion PO 5 PO 4 Phosphate ion SO 5 SO 4 Sulfate ion BrO 2 Bromite ion BrO Hypobromite ion CO 2 CO ClO 2 ClO IO 2 IO NO 2 NO PO 3 PO 2 SO 3 SO 2 1 more oxygen normal 1 less oxygen 2 less oxygen

10 Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al 3+ S 2) Mg 2+ PO 4 When a formula is given write the proper name. When a name is given write the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni 2 S 3 6) triphosphorous heptaoxide 7) N 2 O 5 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH 3 C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 3 10) phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb 2+ or Pb 4+ )

11 Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al 3+ S 2) Mg 2+ PO 4 When a formula is given write the proper name. When a name is given write the proper formula. 3) BaO POP 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni 2 S 3 6) triphosphorous heptaoxide 7) N 2 O 5 QUIZ 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH 3 C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 3 10) phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb 2+ or Pb 4+ )

12 Write the compound formed by the following ions: 1) Al 3+ S 2) Mg 2+ PO 4 When a formula is given write the proper name. When a name is given write the proper formula. 3) BaO 4) lithium bromide 5) Ni 2 S 3 Answer Key Al 2 S 3 Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 barium oxide LiBr nickel (III) sulfide 6) triphosphorous heptaoxide P 3 O 7 7) N 2 O 5 dinitrogen pentaoxide 8) molybdenum (VI) nitride MoN 2 Write the total number of atoms that make up each compound. 9) trinitrotoluene (TNT) CH 3 C 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) ) phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 8 Extra credit: What is the formula for plumbic iodide? (Hint: lead is Pb 2+ or Pb 4+ ) PbI 4

13 Polyatomic Ions - Quiz C 2 O 4 CrO 4 Cr 2 O 7 MnO oxalate chromate dichromate permanganate CH 3 COO. acetate

14 Exceptions! Two exceptions to the simple ide ending are the diatomic oxide ions, O 2 and O 2. O 2 is called peroxide O 2 is called superoxide. Note the differences. barium oxide barium peroxide sodium oxide sodium peroxide potassium oxide potassium superoxide BaO BaO 2 Na 2 O Na 2 O 2 K 2 O KO 2 Ba 2+ Na 1+ Do Not Reduce to lowest terms! K 1+

15 Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions Ionic Compounds: Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions Grid to Memorize Chart of the Ions and Polyatomic Ions Keys

16 Ionic Binary Compounds: Multiple-Charge Cations Ionic Binary Compounds: Multiple-Charge Cations Ionic Binary Compounds: Multiple-Charge Cations Keys

17 Naming Chemical Compounds Binary Compound? No Yes Polyatomic ions present? Use the strategy summarized earlier No Yes This is a compound for which naming procedures have not yet been considered. Name the compound using procedures similar to those for naming binary ionic compounds. Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 102

18 Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds Keys

19 Names and Formulas of Compounds Names and Formulas of Compounds Names and Formulas of Compounds Keys