Time-of-flight Identification of Ions in CESR and ERL
|
|
- Bernice Hart
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tie-of-flight Identification of Ions in CESR and ERL Eric Edwards Departent of Physics, University of Alabaa, Tuscaloosa, AL, (Dated: August 8, 2008) The accuulation of ion densities in the bea pipe of an electron bea accelerator can disturb the bea s dynaics. Efforts to clear this ion cloud fro the bea pipe rely on assuptions about its coposition, and this work concerns the construction of a detector to deterine the concentration of different ion species and charge states in the CESR and ERL bea pipes. This report describes the detector s assebly and its test with a low energy electron bea. I. INTRODUCTION The plan for construction of an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) at Cornell necessitates a thorough study of the effects of ion densities that accuulate in the bea pipe of such an accelerator. In an ERL, the desire to achieve unprecedentedly controlled bea dynaics renders these densities undesirable, and they need to be understood and avoided where possible. These densities result fro scattering by the electron bea on the dilute gas of the bea pipe. The interaction between accuulated ion densities and the electron bea has a nuber of deleterious effects on the bea, and the reader is referred elsewhere for detailed investigations (e.g., see [1, 2]). In soe anner the ion densities that will accuulate ust be reoved, and the particular coposition of the ion cloud both deterines the efficacy of the clearing ethods and gives inforation necessary to copute the effects of ions that cannot be reoved. This work concerns the assebly of a detector to characterize the concentration of different species and charge states in the bea pipe. In particular, this project encopasses the assebly and initial calibration of a tie-of-flight detector that can be ounted on an accelerator bea pipe to perfor in-situ easureents of the ion densities. The entire syste contains three ain eleents: the detector, the easureent syste, and a test assebly or low energy bea source. This paper describes the assebly and calibration of these three eleents through testing with the low energy electron bea. II. THEORY A general theory for tie-of-flight easureents is outlined here for copleteness. A tie-of-flight schee operates by iparting an equivalent potential V to a nuber of particles with asses 1, 2,..., N and charge q 1,q 2,..., q N then easuring the corresponding velocity distribution of the particles. For a particle of ass and charge q, 1 2 v2 = qv (1) 2qV v =. (2)
2 2 So v q and this relation will allow identification of the relative concentration of ions using easureents of the velocity distribution of the ion cloud. The velocities are easured by letting the ions drift along a tube of length l and easuring the corresponding tie-offlight. For, 2qV v = where v = l so that (3) t t = l 2V q. (4) Ions with ass-to-charge ratio r 1,r 2,..., r i have a tie-of-flight t 1,t 2,..., t i respectively, and we perfor the easureents to count the nuber n j of signals in the interval t j = [t j δ, t j + δ]. We then expect, where N = j n n j counts all ion signals, li j N = ρ N j where ρ j is the relative concentration of the ion with ass-to-charge ratio r j. Siulations of the ion cloud in the bea pipe deterine the proportion p of the ions that are easured N by the detector N = pn total, and we obtain N j = ρ j for the nuber of ions in the bea p pipe of ass-to-charge ratio r j. These siple relations encapsulate the general theory necessary to perfor tie-of-flight easureents and identify the ions - the rest concerns details of easureent. For exaple, we ll need a well-defined drift length l and zero of the tie-of-flight t 0 in order to differentiate between ions. The resolution in the tie easureents t necessary to resolve ions differing by can be written, to first order in, as 1 2 ( + )v2 = qv (5) l t + t = 2qV ( + ) (6) ( ) qV l =(t + t) ( ) 2qV l =(t + t) t = ( l 2 2qV (7) (8) ). (9) Table I lists exeplative tie-of-flights for ions expected in easureents on CESR and ERL. TABLE I: Saple of tie-of-flights of various ions assuing each olecule is once ionized, q= C, and fro inserting the detector specifications V = 400 Volts, l = 5.08 c. Ion Mass/Ion (kg) TOF (µs) H 2 O Ne Ar N
3 3 III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The TOF spectroeter is analyzed by a test assebly. This test assebly generates a low energy electron bea to ionize the dilute gas and provide an ion source for the detector. The detector contains the drift tube for the tie-of-flight schee and produces signals when the ions arrive at the end of the drift tube. The easureent apparatus encopasses an array of electronics used to receive the incoing signals fro the detector and operate sufficiently rapid easureents. A. Test assebly FIG. 1: A sketch of the test assebly setup. The test assebly, as shown in Fig. 1, constitutes the first phase of operation of the detector to test its functionality and to calibrate it before installation on the CESR ring. It is designed to be a low energy electron bea source to scatter on either the dilute gas that is in the vacuu syste inadvertently or on gases leaked into the chaber for the test. It consists of a tungsten filaent that is heated by a current to eit electrons, a leak valve, and a region for the electrons to ionize the gas. The filaent is operated between Aps and biased at voltages < 100V. This biasing is accoplished by floating the ground of the filaent power supply while isolating it fro the ground of the chaber walls by using an isolating transforer. The energy iparted to the electrons propels the into an ionization region to scatter on the dilute gas (at pressure approxiately 10 6 Torr). The ions are shielded fro the filaent bias by a grounded plate ounted in front of the filaent. The resultant ion cloud is used to test and calibrate the detector and resebles the ion cloud in an accelerator such as CESR or the ERL. B. Detector Coponents of the detector as shown in Fig. 2 are the gate ring, the focus ring, the drift tube, and an electron ultiplier. The gate ring gates the flows of ions into the drift tube by aintaining a positive voltage and quickly switching to ground or negative voltage.
4 4 FIG. 2: A scheatic of the detector showing, fro left to right, the gate ring, focus ring, drift tube, and channeltron. This switching constitutes the t 0 of the ties-of-flight of the ions. A grounded plate, though not part of the detector per se, is ounted in front of the gate ring to siulate the bea pipe in CESR or the ERL. It is assued the ions begin as a hoogenous ixture in the region outside of this ground plate. The focus ring operates at -200V and focuses the ions into the drift tube once the gate is switched. The drift tube is 5.08c and operates per the tie-of-flight easureent schee described above. The electron ultiplier, in our case a Channeltron, operates at -2kV and, via secondary eission processes, aplifies the individual ion signals. C. Measureent apparatus The Channeltron produces a signal of aplitude V for an individual ion arrival, and this signal is run through a pre-aplifier to transfor it into a narrow, negative pulse of aplitude 2-5 V. The gate ring voltage is controlled by a siple operational aplifier circuit that switches between a supply at positive voltage V + and a negative voltage V. As shown in Fig.3, the circuit receives a pulse of width w fro a pulser and switches fro V + to V for a tie interval of duration w. The arrival of the pulse at the gate ring circuit deterines the t 0 of the tie-of-flight easureents. This signal is siultaneously sent to a tie-to-aplitude converter as the start signal. The stop signal is then the ion signal as detected on the Channeltron. The tie-to-aplitude converter produces a pulse of voltage V out = trange t ion t range V ax where t range and t ion are the selected range of the tie-to-aplitude converter and [t stop t start ], respectively (V ax is the axiu output voltage of the tie-to-aplitude converter). Thus we deterine the tie-of-flight t stop t start = t ion = Vout V ax t range precisely fro the voltage produced by the tie-to-aplitude converter. To investigate different regions of the tie doain, we can delay the start signal fro the pulser, using an Ortec gate and delay generator odule, by a tie t delay and the tie-of-flight is then t delay + t ion. A coputer running an Ortec progra, MCA32, operates as a ulti-channel analyzer that easures and counts the pulses of aplitude V out produced by the tie-to-aplitude converter. In this anner, we construct the desired histogra that, through a sequence of relations fro the voltage to the ass-to-charge ratio, provides the inforation necessary to reconstruct the relative concentrations of ion species in the bea pipe. The histogras that have been obtained so far have been inconclusive. As seen in Fig. 4, a Gaussian type peak develops, but it cannot be concluded if this lineshape corresponds to interference or unresolved ion signals.
5 5 FIG. 3: Diagra for the easureent process. FIG. 4: Photo of the histogra readout in MCA32 on a coputer taking inputs fro the tie-toaplitude converter. IV. FUTURE WORK Future work for this project consists of copletion of the test assebly phase and installation on CESR and the ERL. The present experiental setup does not yet produce histogras that allow us to ake conclusions about the character of the ion densities in the test assebly. Three odifications are discussed here that ay be ade to iprove the resolution and to conclude the test assebly phase. First, the low energy bea of the test assebly produces electrons that can be attracted by the positive voltage on the gate ring, which will not be the case in either CESR or ERL. These electrons have a long ean-free path inside the test assebly-detector chaber so that soe nuber arrive at the gate ring voltage and are attracted into the detector resulting in noise. This proble can be avoided, however, by ionizing in a region and then clearing
6 6 the electrons. The solution requires only slight odification of the current test assebly structure and provides a pure ion source to the detector, which will reseble ion densities in CESR and the ERL ore closely. Second, radio-frequency noise currently disallows starting the tie-to-aplitude converter on the ions signals, and reflections affect the shape of the gate ring voltage (sears the edges of the square wave). There exist various ethods for eliinating or reducing RF noise that need to be ipleented. If one can decouple the signal on the collector wire fro the noise, then that is ost desirable. But if the noise persists, one ight run the Channeltron at higher voltages to increase the weakest ion signals to a threshold of, say, 15V. Then the RF noise proble need not be totally eliinated, only reduced so that the noise has aplitude < 15V and can be reliably filtered fro the ion signals. Third, it would be helpful to enhance the switch rate to reduce abiguity in t 0. V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I a pleased to thank Dr. Georg Hoffstaetter of Cornell University for offering this work as a Laboratory for Eleentary Particle Physics Research Experience for Undergraduates project. I would like to thank Michael Ehrlichan and Dr. Val Kostroun of Cornell for their assistance and Dr. Rich Galik for his organization of the LEPP REU progra. Finally I would like to thank the generosity of the entire CLASSE staff and faculty. The pervasive willingness to help and interest in our success fro the CLASSE personnel ade the work both possible and enjoyable. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation REU grant PHY and research co-operative agreeent PHY [1] G.H. Hoffstaetter, M. U. Liepe, Nuclear Instruents and Methods in Physics Research A 557, (2006) [2] G.H. Hoffstaetter, C. Spethann, Physical Review ST-AB 11, (2008)
Hyperbolic Horn Helical Mass Spectrometer (3HMS) James G. Hagerman Hagerman Technology LLC & Pacific Environmental Technologies April 2005
Hyperbolic Horn Helical Mass Spectroeter (3HMS) Jaes G Hageran Hageran Technology LLC & Pacific Environental Technologies April 5 ABSTRACT This paper describes a new type of ass filter based on the REFIMS
More informationGeneral Properties of Radiation Detectors Supplements
Phys. 649: Nuclear Techniques Physics Departent Yarouk University Chapter 4: General Properties of Radiation Detectors Suppleents Dr. Nidal M. Ershaidat Overview Phys. 649: Nuclear Techniques Physics Departent
More informationChapter 2 General Properties of Radiation Detectors
Med Phys 4RA3, 4RB3/6R3 Radioisotopes and Radiation Methodology -1 Chapter General Properties of Radiation Detectors Ionizing radiation is ost coonly detected by the charge created when radiation interacts
More informationThe Magnetic Mass Spectrometer
Exp-9-Mass-Spectroeter.Doc (TJR) Physics Departent, University of Windsor Introduction 64-3 Laboratory Experient 9 The Magnetic Mass Spectroeter Without question, ass spectroeters have been one of the
More informationIntelligent Systems: Reasoning and Recognition. Perceptrons and Support Vector Machines
Intelligent Systes: Reasoning and Recognition Jaes L. Crowley osig 1 Winter Seester 2018 Lesson 6 27 February 2018 Outline Perceptrons and Support Vector achines Notation...2 Linear odels...3 Lines, Planes
More informationMAKE SURE TA & TI STAMPS EVERY PAGE BEFORE YOU START
Laboratory Section: Last Revised on Deceber 15, 2014 Partners Naes: Grade: EXPERIMENT 8 Electron Beas 0. Pre-Laboratory Work [2 pts] 1. Nae the 2 forces that are equated in order to derive the charge to
More informationKinematics and dynamics, a computational approach
Kineatics and dynaics, a coputational approach We begin the discussion of nuerical approaches to echanics with the definition for the velocity r r ( t t) r ( t) v( t) li li or r( t t) r( t) v( t) t for
More informationCHAPTER 19: Single-Loop IMC Control
When I coplete this chapter, I want to be able to do the following. Recognize that other feedback algoriths are possible Understand the IMC structure and how it provides the essential control features
More informationExperimental Design For Model Discrimination And Precise Parameter Estimation In WDS Analysis
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Acadeic Works International Conference on Hydroinforatics 8-1-2014 Experiental Design For Model Discriination And Precise Paraeter Estiation In WDS Analysis Giovanna
More informationIDAN Shock Mount Isolation Vibration Study November 1, The operation of shock and vibration isolation base plate
dr. Istvan Koller RTD USA BME Laboratory. Background In 998, Real Tie Devices USA, Inc. introduced a novel packaging concept for ebedded PC/04 odules to build Intelligent Data Acquisition Nodes. This syste,
More informationReading from Young & Freedman: For this topic, read the introduction to chapter 25 and sections 25.1 to 25.3 & 25.6.
PHY10 Electricity Topic 6 (Lectures 9 & 10) Electric Current and Resistance n this topic, we will cover: 1) Current in a conductor ) Resistivity 3) Resistance 4) Oh s Law 5) The Drude Model of conduction
More informationFaraday's Law Warm Up
Faraday's Law-1 Faraday's Law War Up 1. Field lines of a peranent agnet For each peranent agnet in the diagra below draw several agnetic field lines (or a agnetic vector field if you prefer) corresponding
More informationUsing a De-Convolution Window for Operating Modal Analysis
Using a De-Convolution Window for Operating Modal Analysis Brian Schwarz Vibrant Technology, Inc. Scotts Valley, CA Mark Richardson Vibrant Technology, Inc. Scotts Valley, CA Abstract Operating Modal Analysis
More informationOptimization of ripple filter for pencil beam scanning
Nuclear Science and Techniques 24 (2013) 060404 Optiization of ripple filter for pencil bea scanning YANG Zhaoxia ZHANG Manzhou LI Deing * Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Acadey of Sciences,
More informationChapter 1: Basics of Vibrations for Simple Mechanical Systems
Chapter 1: Basics of Vibrations for Siple Mechanical Systes Introduction: The fundaentals of Sound and Vibrations are part of the broader field of echanics, with strong connections to classical echanics,
More informationMeasuring orbital angular momentum superpositions of light by mode transformation
CHAPTER 7 Measuring orbital angular oentu superpositions of light by ode transforation In chapter 6 we reported on a ethod for easuring orbital angular oentu (OAM) states of light based on the transforation
More informationNational 5 Summary Notes
North Berwick High School Departent of Physics National 5 Suary Notes Unit 3 Energy National 5 Physics: Electricity and Energy 1 Throughout the Course, appropriate attention should be given to units, prefixes
More informationElastic Force: A Force Balance: Elastic & Gravitational Force: Force Example: Determining Spring Constant. Some Other Forces
Energy Balance, Units & Proble Solving: Mechanical Energy Balance ABET Course Outcoes: 1. solve and docuent the solution of probles involving eleents or configurations not previously encountered (e) (e.g.
More informatione-companion ONLY AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORM
OPERATIONS RESEARCH doi 10.1287/opre.1070.0427ec pp. ec1 ec5 e-copanion ONLY AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORM infors 07 INFORMS Electronic Copanion A Learning Approach for Interactive Marketing to a Custoer
More informationAnalysis of ground vibration transmission in high precision equipment by Frequency Based Substructuring
Analysis of ground vibration transission in high precision equipent by Frequency Based Substructuring G. van Schothorst 1, M.A. Boogaard 2, G.W. van der Poel 1, D.J. Rixen 2 1 Philips Innovation Services,
More information2 Q 10. Likewise, in case of multiple particles, the corresponding density in 2 must be averaged over all
Lecture 6 Introduction to kinetic theory of plasa waves Introduction to kinetic theory So far we have been odeling plasa dynaics using fluid equations. The assuption has been that the pressure can be either
More informationA Simplified Analytical Approach for Efficiency Evaluation of the Weaving Machines with Automatic Filling Repair
Proceedings of the 6th SEAS International Conference on Siulation, Modelling and Optiization, Lisbon, Portugal, Septeber -4, 006 0 A Siplified Analytical Approach for Efficiency Evaluation of the eaving
More informationNon-Parametric Non-Line-of-Sight Identification 1
Non-Paraetric Non-Line-of-Sight Identification Sinan Gezici, Hisashi Kobayashi and H. Vincent Poor Departent of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Science Princeton University, Princeton,
More informationIn the session you will be divided into groups and perform four separate experiments:
Mechanics Lab (Civil Engineers) Nae (please print): Tutor (please print): Lab group: Date of lab: Experients In the session you will be divided into groups and perfor four separate experients: (1) air-track
More informationData-Driven Imaging in Anisotropic Media
18 th World Conference on Non destructive Testing, 16- April 1, Durban, South Africa Data-Driven Iaging in Anisotropic Media Arno VOLKER 1 and Alan HUNTER 1 TNO Stieltjesweg 1, 6 AD, Delft, The Netherlands
More informationHIGH RESOLUTION NEAR-FIELD MULTIPLE TARGET DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES
ICONIC 2007 St. Louis, O, USA June 27-29, 2007 HIGH RESOLUTION NEAR-FIELD ULTIPLE TARGET DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR ACHINES A. Randazzo,. A. Abou-Khousa 2,.Pastorino, and R. Zoughi
More informationEfficient Filter Banks And Interpolators
Efficient Filter Banks And Interpolators A. G. DEMPSTER AND N. P. MURPHY Departent of Electronic Systes University of Westinster 115 New Cavendish St, London W1M 8JS United Kingdo Abstract: - Graphical
More informationPH 221-2A Fall Waves - I. Lectures Chapter 16 (Halliday/Resnick/Walker, Fundamentals of Physics 9 th edition)
PH 1-A Fall 014 Waves - I Lectures 4-5 Chapter 16 (Halliday/Resnick/Walker, Fundaentals of Physics 9 th edition) 1 Chapter 16 Waves I In this chapter we will start the discussion on wave phenoena. We will
More informationMolecular interactions in beams
Molecular interactions in beas notable advanceent in the experiental study of interolecular forces has coe fro the developent of olecular beas, which consist of a narrow bea of particles, all having the
More informationCh. 22 Mass Spectrometry (MS)
Ch. Mass Spectroetry (MS).1 MS easures ass of atos, olecules, or fragents of olecules -1. What is MS? Gaseous ato fro condensed phase ionized Accelerated & separated By ass to charge ratio /z M=00: 1 ion
More informationMeasuring Temperature with a Silicon Diode
Measuring Teperature with a Silicon Diode Due to the high sensitivity, nearly linear response, and easy availability, we will use a 1N4148 diode for the teperature transducer in our easureents 10 Analysis
More informationFigure 1: Equivalent electric (RC) circuit of a neurons membrane
Exercise: Leaky integrate and fire odel of neural spike generation This exercise investigates a siplified odel of how neurons spike in response to current inputs, one of the ost fundaental properties of
More informationEnergy and Momentum: The Ballistic Pendulum
Physics Departent Handout -10 Energy and Moentu: The Ballistic Pendulu The ballistic pendulu, first described in the id-eighteenth century, applies principles of echanics to the proble of easuring the
More informationAP Physics Thermodynamics Wrap-up
AP Physics herodynaics Wrap-up Here are your basic equations for therodynaics. here s a bunch of the. 3 his equation converts teperature fro Fahrenheit to Celsius. his is the rate of heat transfer for
More informationReducing Vibration and Providing Robustness with Multi-Input Shapers
29 Aerican Control Conference Hyatt Regency Riverfront, St. Louis, MO, USA June -2, 29 WeA6.4 Reducing Vibration and Providing Robustness with Multi-Input Shapers Joshua Vaughan and Willia Singhose Abstract
More informationLecture #8-3 Oscillations, Simple Harmonic Motion
Lecture #8-3 Oscillations Siple Haronic Motion So far we have considered two basic types of otion: translation and rotation. But these are not the only two types of otion we can observe in every day life.
More informationANALYSIS OF HALL-EFFECT THRUSTERS AND ION ENGINES FOR EARTH-TO-MOON TRANSFER
IEPC 003-0034 ANALYSIS OF HALL-EFFECT THRUSTERS AND ION ENGINES FOR EARTH-TO-MOON TRANSFER A. Bober, M. Guelan Asher Space Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3000 Haifa, Israel
More informationRemoval of Intensity Bias in Magnitude Spin-Echo MRI Images by Nonlinear Diffusion Filtering
Reoval of Intensity Bias in Magnitude Spin-Echo MRI Iages by Nonlinear Diffusion Filtering Alexei A. Sasonov *, Chris R. Johnson Scientific Coputing and Iaging Institute, University of Utah, 50 S Central
More informationSPECTRUM sensing is a core concept of cognitive radio
World Acadey of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Electronics and Counication Engineering Vol:6, o:2, 202 Efficient Detection Using Sequential Probability Ratio Test in Mobile
More informationSHAPE IDENTIFICATION USING DISTRIBUTED STRAIN DATA FROM EMBEDDED OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS
16 H INERNAIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSIE MAERIALS SHAPE IDENIFICAION USING DISRIBUED SRAIN DAA FROM EMBEDDED OPICAL FIBER SENSORS Mayuko Nishio*, adahito Mizutani*, Nobuo akeda* *he University of okyo Keywords:
More informationAccuracy of the Scaling Law for Experimental Natural Frequencies of Rectangular Thin Plates
The 9th Conference of Mechanical Engineering Network of Thailand 9- October 005, Phuket, Thailand Accuracy of the caling Law for Experiental Natural Frequencies of Rectangular Thin Plates Anawat Na songkhla
More informationQ5 We know that a mass at the end of a spring when displaced will perform simple m harmonic oscillations with a period given by T = 2!
Chapter 4.1 Q1 n oscillation is any otion in which the displaceent of a particle fro a fixed point keeps changing direction and there is a periodicity in the otion i.e. the otion repeats in soe way. In
More informationDetection and Estimation Theory
ESE 54 Detection and Estiation Theory Joseph A. O Sullivan Sauel C. Sachs Professor Electronic Systes and Signals Research Laboratory Electrical and Systes Engineering Washington University 11 Urbauer
More informationStructure of semiconductor detectors for characterization of ionizing radiation sources
Structure of seiconductor detectors for characterization of ionizing radiation sources A. Cannavò 1, L. Tòrrisi 1, L. Calcagnò 2, A. Sciutò 3 1 Dottorato di Ricerca in Fisica, Università di Messina, V.le
More informationOcean 420 Physical Processes in the Ocean Project 1: Hydrostatic Balance, Advection and Diffusion Answers
Ocean 40 Physical Processes in the Ocean Project 1: Hydrostatic Balance, Advection and Diffusion Answers 1. Hydrostatic Balance a) Set all of the levels on one of the coluns to the lowest possible density.
More informationma x = -bv x + F rod.
Notes on Dynaical Systes Dynaics is the study of change. The priary ingredients of a dynaical syste are its state and its rule of change (also soeties called the dynaic). Dynaical systes can be continuous
More informationKernel Methods and Support Vector Machines
Intelligent Systes: Reasoning and Recognition Jaes L. Crowley ENSIAG 2 / osig 1 Second Seester 2012/2013 Lesson 20 2 ay 2013 Kernel ethods and Support Vector achines Contents Kernel Functions...2 Quadratic
More informationParticle dynamics Physics 1A, UNSW
1 Particle dynaics Physics 1A, UNSW Newton's laws: S & J: Ch 5.1 5.9, 6.1 force, ass, acceleration also weight Physclips Chapter 5 Friction - coefficients of friction Physclips Chapter 6 Hooke's Law Dynaics
More informationThe Transactional Nature of Quantum Information
The Transactional Nature of Quantu Inforation Subhash Kak Departent of Coputer Science Oklahoa State University Stillwater, OK 7478 ABSTRACT Inforation, in its counications sense, is a transactional property.
More informationThe Wilson Model of Cortical Neurons Richard B. Wells
The Wilson Model of Cortical Neurons Richard B. Wells I. Refineents on the odgkin-uxley Model The years since odgkin s and uxley s pioneering work have produced a nuber of derivative odgkin-uxley-like
More information2.9 Feedback and Feedforward Control
2.9 Feedback and Feedforward Control M. F. HORDESKI (985) B. G. LIPTÁK (995) F. G. SHINSKEY (970, 2005) Feedback control is the action of oving a anipulated variable in response to a deviation or error
More informationEE5900 Spring Lecture 4 IC interconnect modeling methods Zhuo Feng
EE59 Spring Parallel LSI AD Algoriths Lecture I interconnect odeling ethods Zhuo Feng. Z. Feng MTU EE59 So far we ve considered only tie doain analyses We ll soon see that it is soeties preferable to odel
More information26 Impulse and Momentum
6 Ipulse and Moentu First, a Few More Words on Work and Energy, for Coparison Purposes Iagine a gigantic air hockey table with a whole bunch of pucks of various asses, none of which experiences any friction
More informationMeasurement Range Enlargement in Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis Using Multiple Correlation Peaks
Journal of the Optical Society of Korea Vol. 16, No. 3, Septeber 2012, pp. 210-214 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2012.16.3.210 Measureent Range Enlargeent in rillouin Optical Correlation Doain Analysis
More informationA Fiber Optic Phase Modulator with an Optical Frequency Shift of up to 20 GHz
A Fiber Optic Phase Modulator with an Optical Frequency Shift of up to 0 GHz A.M.Maedov (1), A. L. Levin (), and V. T. Potapov (3) (1) Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Acadey of
More informationN-Point. DFTs of Two Length-N Real Sequences
Coputation of the DFT of In ost practical applications, sequences of interest are real In such cases, the syetry properties of the DFT given in Table 5. can be exploited to ake the DFT coputations ore
More informationSupplementary Information for Design of Bending Multi-Layer Electroactive Polymer Actuators
Suppleentary Inforation for Design of Bending Multi-Layer Electroactive Polyer Actuators Bavani Balakrisnan, Alek Nacev, and Elisabeth Sela University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 074 1 Analytical
More informationDETECTION OF NONLINEARITY IN VIBRATIONAL SYSTEMS USING THE SECOND TIME DERIVATIVE OF ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION
DETECTION OF NONLINEARITY IN VIBRATIONAL SYSTEMS USING THE SECOND TIME DERIVATIVE OF ABSOLUTE ACCELERATION Masaki WAKUI 1 and Jun IYAMA and Tsuyoshi KOYAMA 3 ABSTRACT This paper shows a criteria to detect
More informationA New Algorithm for Reactive Electric Power Measurement
A. Abiyev, GAU J. Soc. & Appl. Sci., 2(4), 7-25, 27 A ew Algorith for Reactive Electric Power Measureent Adalet Abiyev Girne Aerican University, Departernt of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Mersin,
More information2.141 Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems Assignment #2
2.141 Modeling and Siulation of Dynaic Systes Assignent #2 Out: Wednesday Septeber 20, 2006 Due: Wednesday October 4, 2006 Proble 1 The sketch shows a highly siplified diagra of a dry-dock used in ship
More informationProc. of the IEEE/OES Seventh Working Conference on Current Measurement Technology UNCERTAINTIES IN SEASONDE CURRENT VELOCITIES
Proc. of the IEEE/OES Seventh Working Conference on Current Measureent Technology UNCERTAINTIES IN SEASONDE CURRENT VELOCITIES Belinda Lipa Codar Ocean Sensors 15 La Sandra Way, Portola Valley, CA 98 blipa@pogo.co
More informationSelf-Erecting Inverted Pendulum: Swing up and Stabilization Control
Self-Erecting Inverted Pendulu: Swing up and Stabilization Control S. McGilvray (Winner of the IEEE Life Meber ward for best paper fro the Central Canada Council for the IEEE Student Paper Contest, ) Contents
More informationDIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF INDUCTION MACHINES CONSIDERING THE IRON LOSSES
DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL OF INDUCTION MACHINES CONSIDERING THE IRON LOSSES TRUC PHAM-DINH A thesis subitted in partial fulfilent of the requireents of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor
More informationVirtual physics laboratory for distance learning developed in the frame of the VccSSe European project
Virtual physics laboratory for distance learning developed in the frae of the VccSSe European project W. Tlaczala 1*, M. Zareba 1, A. Zagorski 1 and G. Gorghiu 1 Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of
More informationAVOIDING PITFALLS IN MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
VOIDING ITFLLS IN ESREENT NERTINTY NLYSIS Benny R. Sith Inchwor Solutions Santa Rosa, Suary: itfalls, both subtle and obvious, await the new or casual practitioner of easureent uncertainty analysis. This
More informationTorsion Experiment. Encoder #3 ( 3 ) Third encoder/disk for Model 205a only. Figure 1: ECP Torsion Experiment
Torsion Experient Introduction For the Torsion lab, there are two required experients to perfor and one extra credit assignent at the end. In experient 1, the syste paraeters need to be identified so that
More informationOptical Properties of Plasmas of High-Z Elements
Forschungszentru Karlsruhe Techni und Uwelt Wissenschaftlishe Berichte FZK Optical Properties of Plasas of High-Z Eleents V.Tolach 1, G.Miloshevsy 1, H.Würz Project Kernfusion 1 Heat and Mass Transfer
More informationAnalysis of Impulsive Natural Phenomena through Finite Difference Methods A MATLAB Computational Project-Based Learning
Analysis of Ipulsive Natural Phenoena through Finite Difference Methods A MATLAB Coputational Project-Based Learning Nicholas Kuia, Christopher Chariah, Mechatronics Engineering, Vaughn College of Aeronautics
More informationBootstrapping Dependent Data
Bootstrapping Dependent Data One of the key issues confronting bootstrap resapling approxiations is how to deal with dependent data. Consider a sequence fx t g n t= of dependent rando variables. Clearly
More informationEstimating Parameters for a Gaussian pdf
Pattern Recognition and achine Learning Jaes L. Crowley ENSIAG 3 IS First Seester 00/0 Lesson 5 7 Noveber 00 Contents Estiating Paraeters for a Gaussian pdf Notation... The Pattern Recognition Proble...3
More informationSEISMIC FRAGILITY ANALYSIS
9 th ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability PMC24 SEISMIC FRAGILITY ANALYSIS C. Kafali, Student M. ASCE Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 483 ck22@cornell.edu M. Grigoriu,
More informationPearson Physics Level 20 Unit IV Oscillatory Motion and Mechanical Waves: Unit IV Review Solutions
Pearson Physics Level 0 Unit IV Oscillatory Motion and Mechanical Waves: Unit IV Review Solutions Student Book pages 440 443 Vocabulary. aplitude: axiu displaceent of an oscillation antinodes: points of
More informationCOS 424: Interacting with Data. Written Exercises
COS 424: Interacting with Data Hoework #4 Spring 2007 Regression Due: Wednesday, April 18 Written Exercises See the course website for iportant inforation about collaboration and late policies, as well
More informationPolygonal Designs: Existence and Construction
Polygonal Designs: Existence and Construction John Hegean Departent of Matheatics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 9405 Jeff Langford Departent of Matheatics, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 5011 G
More informationThis exam is formed of three exercises in three pages numbered from 1 to 3 The use of non-programmable calculators is recommended.
009 وزارة التربية والتعلين العالي الوديرية العاهة للتربية دائرة االهتحانات اهتحانات الشهادة الثانىية العاهة الفرع : علىم الحياة مسابقة في مادة الفيزياء المدة ساعتان االسن: الرقن: الدورة العادية للعام This
More information1 (40) Gravitational Systems Two heavy spherical (radius 0.05R) objects are located at fixed positions along
(40) Gravitational Systes Two heavy spherical (radius 0.05) objects are located at fixed positions along 2M 2M 0 an axis in space. The first ass is centered at r = 0 and has a ass of 2M. The second ass
More informationImage Reconstruction by means of Kalman Filtering in Passive Millimetre- Wave Imaging
Iage Reconstruction by eans of Kalan Filtering in assive illietre- Wave Iaging David Sith, etrie eyer, Ben Herbst 2 Departent of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, rivate
More informationInstruction Sheet Martin Henschke, Ballistic Pendulum art. no.:
Physics Educational Tools Dr. Martin Henschke Gerätebau Dieselstr. 8, 5374 Erftstadt, Gerany www.henschke-geraetebau.de/english/ Instruction Sheet Martin Henschke, 4-6-1 Ballistic Pendulu art. no.: 6573
More informationLAB MECH8.COMP From Physics with Computers, Vernier Software & Technology, 2003.
LAB MECH8.COMP Fro Physics with Coputers, Vernier Software & Technology, 003. INTRODUCTION You have probably watched a ball roll off a table and strike the floor. What deterines where it will land? Could
More informationChapter 28: Alternating Current
hapter 8: Alternating urrent Phasors and Alternating urrents Alternating current (A current) urrent which varies sinusoidally in tie is called alternating current (A) as opposed to direct current (D).
More informationPh 20.3 Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
Ph 20.3 Nuerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations Due: Week 5 -v20170314- This Assignent So far, your assignents have tried to failiarize you with the hardware and software in the Physics Coputing
More informationPhysics 139B Solutions to Homework Set 3 Fall 2009
Physics 139B Solutions to Hoework Set 3 Fall 009 1. Consider a particle of ass attached to a rigid assless rod of fixed length R whose other end is fixed at the origin. The rod is free to rotate about
More informationSensorless Control of Induction Motor Drive Using SVPWM - MRAS Speed Observer
Journal of Eerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 2 (3): 509-513 Journal Scholarlink of Eerging Research Trends Institute in Engineering Journals, 2011 and Applied (ISSN: 2141-7016)
More informationID 1163 CURE MONITORING OF THERMOSETTING RESIN COMPOSITES BY LACOMTECH DIELECTROMETRY
ID 63 CURE MONITORING OF THERMOSETTING RESIN COMPOSITES BY LACOMTECH DIELECTROMETRY Jae Wook Kwon and Dai Gil Lee Departent of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,
More informationECS455: Chapter 5 OFDM
ECS455: Chapter 5 OFDM 5.4 Cyclic Prefix (CP) 1 Dr.Prapun Suksopong prapun.co/ecs455 Office Hours: BKD 3601-7 Tuesday 9:30-10:30 Friday 14:00-16:00 Three steps towards odern OFDM 1. Mitigate Multipath
More informationAnalyzing Simulation Results
Analyzing Siulation Results Dr. John Mellor-Cruey Departent of Coputer Science Rice University johnc@cs.rice.edu COMP 528 Lecture 20 31 March 2005 Topics for Today Model verification Model validation Transient
More informationMSEC MODELING OF DEGRADATION PROCESSES TO OBTAIN AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR MAINTENANCE AND PERFORMANCE
Proceeding of the ASME 9 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference MSEC9 October 4-7, 9, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA MSEC9-8466 MODELING OF DEGRADATION PROCESSES TO OBTAIN AN OPTIMAL
More informationFairness via priority scheduling
Fairness via priority scheduling Veeraruna Kavitha, N Heachandra and Debayan Das IEOR, IIT Bobay, Mubai, 400076, India vavitha,nh,debayan}@iitbacin Abstract In the context of ulti-agent resource allocation
More information2. A crack which is oblique (Swedish sned ) with respect to the xy coordinate system is to be analysed. TMHL
(Del I, teori; 1 p.) 1. In fracture echanics, the concept of energy release rate is iportant. Fro the fundaental energy balance of a case with possible crack growth, one usually derives the equation where
More informationarxiv: v3 [cs.ds] 22 Mar 2016
A Shifting Bloo Filter Fraewor for Set Queries arxiv:1510.03019v3 [cs.ds] Mar 01 ABSTRACT Tong Yang Peing University, China yangtongeail@gail.co Yuanun Zhong Nanjing University, China un@sail.nju.edu.cn
More informationAn Approximate Model for the Theoretical Prediction of the Velocity Increase in the Intermediate Ballistics Period
An Approxiate Model for the Theoretical Prediction of the Velocity... 77 Central European Journal of Energetic Materials, 205, 2(), 77-88 ISSN 2353-843 An Approxiate Model for the Theoretical Prediction
More informationKeywords: Estimator, Bias, Mean-squared error, normality, generalized Pareto distribution
Testing approxiate norality of an estiator using the estiated MSE and bias with an application to the shape paraeter of the generalized Pareto distribution J. Martin van Zyl Abstract In this work the norality
More informationRandom Vibration Fatigue Analysis with LS-DYNA
1 th International LS-DYNA Users Conference Siulation() Rando Vibration Fatigue Analysis with LS-DYNA Arnaud Ringeval 1, Yun Huang 1 CIMES, France 36 rue Marc Lefrancq, Les Ateliers Nuériques, 593 Valenciennes,
More informationField Mass Generation and Control. Chapter 6. The famous two slit experiment proved that a particle can exist as a wave and yet
111 Field Mass Generation and Control Chapter 6 The faous two slit experient proved that a particle can exist as a wave and yet still exhibit particle characteristics when the wavefunction is altered by
More informationVerifying the Authenticity of Nuclear Warheads Without Revealing Sensitive Design Information
Verifying the Authenticity of Nuclear Warheads Without Revealing Sensitive Design Inforation Steve Fetter and Thoas B. Cochran Verifying the disantleent of nuclear warheads will require reconciling two
More informationExperimental Based Substructuring Using a Craig-Bampton Transmission Simulator Model
Experiental Based Substructuring Using a raig-bapton ransission Siulator Model Mathew S. llen, Daniel. Kaer Departent of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 376 kaer@engr.wisc.edu,
More informationRole of rf electric and magnetic fields in heating of micro-protrusions in accelerating structures. Gregory S. Nusinovich and Thomas M. Antonsen, Jr.
Role of rf electric and agnetic fields in heating of icro-protrusions in accelerating structures. Gregory S. Nusinovich and Thoas M. Antonsen, Jr. Abstract It is known that high-gradient operation in etallic
More informationCHECKLIST. r r. Newton s Second Law. natural frequency ω o (rad.s -1 ) (Eq ) a03/p1/waves/waves doc 9:19 AM 29/03/05 1
PHYS12 Physics 1 FUNDAMENTALS Module 3 OSCILLATIONS & WAVES Text Physics by Hecht Chapter 1 OSCILLATIONS Sections: 1.5 1.6 Exaples: 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 CHECKLIST Haronic otion, periodic otion, siple haronic
More informationPhysics 2107 Oscillations using Springs Experiment 2
PY07 Oscillations using Springs Experient Physics 07 Oscillations using Springs Experient Prelab Read the following bacground/setup and ensure you are failiar with the concepts and theory required for
More informationINVESTIGATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE NEUTRON CAPTURE ON UNSTABLE NUCLIDES BY MEANS OF THE ACTIVATION METHOD. Abstract
INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERMEDIATE NEUTRON CAPTURE ON UNSTABLE NUCLIDES BY MEANS OF THE ACTIVATION METHOD V. Skorkin 1, P. Mastinu 2 1 Institute for Nuclear Research RAS, Moscow, Russia 2 Istituto Nazionale
More information