Nitrogen Oxide Closed System
|
|
- Laurel McCormick
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Present study is the result of Development of Nitrogen Oxide Closed System in the Future Reprocessing Process entrusted to Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. Development of in the Future Reprocessing Process Y.Takaoku, I.Hattori, T.Watanabe, T.Okaniwa, S.Araya JNFL S.Homma, K.Tanaka, Y.Suzuki, Y.Akai Saitama Univ. JAEA JGC Toshiba 1
2 Background 1 Liquid Waste mainly including NaNO 3 from Aqueous Reprocessing with HNO 3 base Large Volume Difficulty of Disposing because of NO 3 - -containing Concentration and Solidification of NaNO 3 Liquid Countermeasures: zero approach of NO 3 - -containing waste Optimization of N/Na Balance in Reprocessing (DESIGN) : Recovery and Recycle as much as possible (eg. Acid Recovery with Fractionation, etc.) Decomposition of NO 3 - and Recycle of Na Salt for NaNO 3 liquid waste after such N/Na Optimization (NCS) 2
3 Background 2 Spent Fuels, Reagents Aqueous Reprocessing with HNO 3 base N 2, etc. Process, etc. Recovery N/Na balance Optimization Addition of NCS will (Excess) NCS for Aqueous Reprocessing and Wastes Disposal Release to Air Off-gas Treatment NaNO 3 Na salts Reduction of Env ironmental Burden Efficient Utilization of Resources, Na Waste Treatment Nitrogen Oxide Closed System Liquid Wastes Large Volume, NaNO 3 Vitrification Feed of NO - 3 -containing Disposal (Geologic Repository) Solidified Wastes reduce NO 3 - -containing solidified wastes to disposal and enable recycle of Na to aqueous reprocessing. a part of NaNO 3 Addition of Process Release to Sea Modification of Reprocessing Process Complete Acid Recycle Use of Salt-free Reagent 3
4 Outline of NCS NO 3 - Decomposition with Reduction: Catalytic or High temperature and pressure water condition Na Recycle (Na 2 CO 3, product of decomposition): Solvent Washing, Neutralization, etc. Feed to vitrification, NaNO 3 Decontamination: Reduction of radioactivity in Na-recycling stream NO 3 - Decomposition Recycle of Na as Na Salt (Na 2 CO 3 ) Use of part of NaNO 3 as glass material for vitrification if necessary, Decontamination of NaNO 3 Transformation of NaHCO 3 into Na 2 CO 3 Fig. Outline of (NCS) 4
5 Overview of Study Study on feasible application of "NCS" to Future Reprocessing Processes : "Development of in the Future Reprocessing Process " from FY2006 to FY2008 Advanced Aqueous Reprocessing Process Contents of the study are as follows: 1. Experimens and System Estimation of Decomposition of NO 3 - in NaNO 3 Liquid Waste 2. Experiments on Recycling of Na (Decomposition Product) as Sodium Salt to Reprocessing 3. Calculation and Study: Applicability of NCS to Advanced Aqueous Reprocessing Processes 5
6 NO 3- Decomposition 1. Experiments and System Estimation of Decomposition of NO 3 - in NaNO 3 Liquid Waste (for both Catalytic and High Temperature and High-pressure Condition ) Basic Performance Test (Labo.-scale*) Suitable Condition of Decomposition Continuous Treatment Performance Test (Bench-scale System*) Performance as Treatment System Catalytic Test for Nuclide Behavior (Labo.-scale) Behavior of Main Nuclides RI Corrosion Test* for Reactor Material (only for High Temp./Press. Condition ) System Estimation *Inactive High Temp./Press. Condition 6
7 Catalytic 1 NO 3- Decomposition NO - 3 Decomposition: Reduction with Catalytic (Basic Performance Tests) Additional Effect of Impurities (TBP, DBP/ I, Ru, Cs, Sr, Ce) Higher Concentration (7.3 NaNO 3 mol/l) NaOH Solution Hydrazine C: Control Formic Acid Cooling Fan NaNO 3 Solution (200 ml of 3.5 mol/l) (Gas Analysis) Hot Stirrer Ar Gas (Liquid Analysis) Flask Catalyst Fig. Basic Performance Tests Temperature: 60 ~ ºC Reducing Agent: Hydrazine, Formic acid, Formaldehyde Hydrazine, then Formic acid Pd-Cu Catalyst: Colloidal metal, Active carbon-supported, Zeolite-supported Active carbon-supported Main Reaction: 2NaNO 3 +2N 2 H 4 +HCOOH 3N 2 +Na 2 CO 3 +5H 2 O Result Decomposition ratio: about 100% 7
8 Catalytic 2 NO 3- Decomposition NO - 3 Decomposition: Reduction with Catalytic (Continuous Treatment Tests) Reducing Agent A Tank NaNO 3 Tank Water Air P Pump P Pump Reactor Vessel (42L*) Separator P Catalyst Recovery Vessel Reducing Agent B Tank Pump *Operated at 24 L P Pump Solution Fig. Bench-scale Equipment for Continuous Treatment Tests 8
9 Catalytic 3 NO 3- Decomposition NO - 3 Decomposition: Reduction with Catalytic (Continuous Treatment Tests) Tests Conditions Operated Volume 24 L (Total Volume: 42 L) Concentration NaNO 3 3.5/ 7.2 mol/l Temperature 20/ 80 Reducing Agent Hydrazine: Catalyst Mixing Rotation N 2 H 4 /NaNO 3 = 1 mol/mol, Formic acid: HCOOH/NaNO 3 = 0.5 mol/mol 38/ 48/ 58 mol/h each Activ e carbon-supported Pd-Cu metal colloid, 5 g metal/l in Solution 10~100 rpm at speed Main Results Operating Conditions Mixing Rotation: 40 ~ 100 rpm Feed of Reducing agent: No effect of Depth and Number of Feeding Tubes Material Balance Control of reactor operation at startup and shut-down and control of temperature Decomposition Ratio in Solution NO 3 - Decomposition Ratio of Decomposition Ratio Reducing Agent (%) (%) N 2 H 4 HCOOH Basic Tests Continuous Tests Composition of Products in Off-gas Composition (%) The process could be scaled up at 100 times (200mL 24 L Reactor Vessel). N 2 N 2 O NH 3 Basic Tests Continuous Tests
10 High Temp./Press. 1 NO 3- Decomposition NO - 3 Decomposition: Reduction with High Temperature and Pressure (Basic Performance Tests) Additional Effect of Impurities (TBP, DBP/ I, Ru, Cs, Sr, Ce) Decomposition of Nitric Acid (0.3 ~ 10 mol/l) Temperature: 300 ~ ºC Pressure 10 ~ MPa Furnace Container (6 ml of 3.5 mol/l) NaNO 3 Solution Container Sand Reducing Agent: Formic acid, Oxalic acid Formic acid Main Reaction: 2NaNO 3 +5HCOOH N 2 +2NaHCO 3 +3CO 2 +4H 2 O (more than 1 hour) Formic Acid Furnace Result Decomposition ratio: 99% Fig. Basic Performance Tests 10
11 High Temp./Press. 2 NO 3- Decomposition NO - 3 Decomposition: Reduction with High Temperature and Pressure (Continuous Treatment Tests) Reagent Tank Water Tank A (Outer Container) (Electric Furnace) Solution including Gas Pump Water Tank B (Inner Container) Reactor (1.7L) Condenser Pressure Control Valve Pump Fig. Bench-scale Equipment for Continuous Treatment Tests 11
12 Volume High Temp./Press. 3 NO 3- Decomposition NO - 3 Decomposition: Reduction with High Temperature and Pressure (Continuous Treatment Tests) Concentration Tests Conditions 1.7 L NaNO / 3.5 mol/l Temperature 300/ 380/ 400 Pressure 25/ 30 MPa Reducing Agent Reaction Time Formic acid, 1.2/ 1.5 times of the stoichisometric amounts (2.5 mol/mol NaNO 3 ) 0.5/ 1/ 2 hour NO 3 - Decomposition Ratio in Solution Decomposition Ratio of Decomposition Ratio Reducing Agent (%) (%) HCOOH Basic Tests Continuous Tests Composition of Products in Off-gas Composition (%) N 2 N 2 O NH 3 Basic Tests 100 No measured 0 Continuous Tests Main Results Operating Conditions Material Balance Control of reactor operation The process could be scaled up at 300 times (6mL 1.7 L Reactor). Suitable operation conditions: 400, 30 MPa, 0.5 hours Main Reaction: 2NaNO 3 +5HCOOH N 2 +Na 2 CO 3 +4CO 2 +5H 2 O reaction time: 1hour (Basic), 0.5 hours (Continuous) 12
13 Na Recycle 2. Experiments on Recycling of Na as Sodium Salt to Reprocessing: Basic Performance Decomposition Product Transformation of Sodium Product for Reuse (Labo.-scale Experiments with Inactive Elements) NaHCO 3 (one of decomposition products) Na 2 CO 3 Decontamination (Labo.-scale Experiments with Inactive Elements) Decontamination of NaNO 3 liquid waste, etc. (one possible method of decreasing an accumulation of radioactivity in recycling stream) Transformation Reuse of Sodium (Labo.-scale Experiments with Inactive Elements) Solvent Washing by reused sodium salt, Na 2 CO 3 (one possible case of reuse) Decontamination 13
14 Transformation Na Recycle Option: Transformation NaHCO 3 Na 2 CO 3 for Na Recycle (Basic Performance) NaHCO 3 was transformed by more than 90% at 105 ºC for 10 hours. 2NaHCO 3 Na 2 CO 3 +CO 2 +H 2 O 冷却器 Cooler Off-gas 排気 (Liquid 液サンプリング Analysis: ph ph) 測定 Thermometer 温度計 (Boiling Point) NaHCO 3 Solution NaHCO 3 水溶液 (0.24 mol/l, 200 ml) Heater ヒーター 14
15 Decontamination 1 Na Recycle Option: Decontamination of NaNO 3, etc. (Liquid Waste) for Reduction of Radioactivity (Basic Performance) Experimental Conditions w ith Co-precipitation Experimental Conditions w ith I on-exchange Solution 0.3/ 2.0/ 3.5 mol/l of Solution 0.3/ 2.0/ 3.5 mol/l of NaNO 3 /Na 2 CO 3 NaNO 3 / Na 2 CO 3 / NaOH (100 ml) ph 7/ 12 ph 7/ 10/ 12 Inactive Elements 190/ 220 ppm of Cs Co-precipitation Agent 0 ~ 100 Fe ppm of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 as FP 200 ppm of Sr Precipitation Agent for I 10/ 50 ppm of AgNO 3 Impurities 400 ppm of TBP I nactiv e Elements as FP 10 ppm of Ce, Sr, Cs, Ru, I 200 ppm of DBP I mpurities 0/ 400 ppm of TBP 1600 ppm of phosphoric acid 0/ 200 ppm of DBP Volume of I on- 2.9/ 8.8 ml for Cs 0/ 1600 ppm of phosphoric acid exchanger 3.1/ 9.0 ml for Sr Flow rate of 30 ml/h for Cs Solution feed 15/ 30 ml/h for Sr Co-precipitation approximately >100 of DF for Ce, Ru, I Ion-exchange Basic Data of Ion-exchange capacities for Cs, Sr T-KCFC (cobalt potassium ferrocyanide) Ion-exchanger for Cs Titanate Ion-exchanger for Sr Column of Ion-exchanger Pump Fraction Collector Solution Experimental Apparatus of Ion -exchange 15
16 Decontamination 2 Na Recycle Option: Decontamination of NaNO 3, etc. (Liquid Waste) for Reduction of Radioactivity (Basic Performance) Proposed Decontamination Process for NaNO 3 Solution before Decomposition Process as a result of Experiments: 1. Filtration of insoluble material for pre-treatment 2. Removal of I as AgI, with reduction of IO 3 - if necessary 3. Conditioning to remove carbonate ion causing formation of soluble chemical compounds, such as uranyl carbonate 4. Co-precipitation of Ce, Ru 5. Ion-exchange of Cs, Sr 16
17 Solvent Washing Na Recycle Solvent Washing with Reused Na as an example of Na Recycle (Basic Performance) Experimental Conditions Solv ent 100 ml of 30 % TBP/ndodecane w ith 500 ppm DBP Washing 100 ml of 0.24 mol/l Reagent (NaHCO 3 +Na 2 CO 3 ) 0.2 ~ 95.3 mol% NaHCO 3 Effect on NaHCO 3 Performance of solv ent washing with NaHCO 3 was almost the same as Na 2 CO 3 because the washing ratio* of DBP was constant at 1~2* and Mixing Time Solvent Washung 10/ 30/ 60 min Experimental Conditions 100 ml of 30%TBP/ndodecane with 500 ppm DBP 100 ml of 0.24 mol/l independent of NaHCO 3 concentration. * [weight in Aq.]/[weight in Org.] Reagent Na 2 CO 3 Mixing Time Inactive Elements as FP in Washing Reagent 10/ 30/ 60 min Ce, Sr, Cs, Ru, I 100 mg/l Separating Funnel Behavior of FPs in Reused Na 2 CO 3 Basic Data of Transfer of FPs from Aqueous phase to solvent Experimental Apparatus 17
18 Applicability 3. Applicability of NCS to Advanced Aqueous Reprocessing Processes Investigation of Advanced Aqueous Reprocessing Processes Investigation and Selection of Reprocessing Processes for Applicability of NCS Preparation of Process Flow for Simulation and Simulation of Process Flowsheet Drawing of Process Flow including Material Balance based on Investigation then Addition of NCS to Process Flow Evaluation of Reprocessing Process with NCS by calculation with steady-state rigorous mass simulation software to discuss Applicability of NCS to Reprocessing Process Study on Applicability of NCS to Reprocessing Consideration through all the study 18
19 Applicability Applicability Calculation and Study of Advanced Aqueous Reprocessing Processes with NCS Investigation Databases such as INIS, STA Database, Internet, etc. Selected Process: NEXT (Japan) and UREX+1a (U.S.A.) Their systematical development and much opened information have been appraised. Simulation/Calculation Process Flows with NCS based on Investigation and Results of Study Computational Process Flows built on Simulator, PRO/II R Evaluation of Combination of NCS and NEXT/UREX+1a Main focus of the evaluation is the balance of sodium around solvent washing and treatment of NaNO 3 in the combined reprocessing processes. 19
20 Summary Summary -FY2006 to NO 3 - DECOMPOSITION Reaction conditions by Laboratory-scale experiments and Process Performance by Bench-scale tests, with Inactive elements on Catalytic and High temperature and pressure water condition Na RECYCLE Basic data by Laboratory-scale experiments with Inactive elements on Transformation, Decontamination (co-precipitation, ion-exchange), Solvent washing (effect of NaHCO 3, performance of washing with recovered Na salt) APPLICABILITY Selection of Advanced aqueous reprocessing process and Preparation of calculation (simulation): NEXT in JAPAN and UREX+1a in U.S.A. 20
21 FY2008 Program FY2008 Program FY2008, Final Year of Study Experiments on NO 3 - Decomposition: Nuclide Behavior (FY2007~) with Radio-isotopes, Reactor Material* only for High temperature and pressure (FY2006~), System Estimation (Concept of Decomposition Process) Applicability: Calculation of Reprocessing with NCS Summary of all the Study Further Development...? Subjects to be solved after the Study Engineering- or Full-scale Tests,... etc. * Corrosion Tests Process concept and Applicability to advanced aqueous reprocessing of " " 21
MANAGEMENT OF SPENT SOLVENTS OF REPROCESSING ORIGIN
IAEA-SM-37/P MANAGEMENT OF SPENT SOLVENTS OF REPROCESSING ORIGIN S. MANOHAR, C. SRTNIVAS, T. VINCENT, P.K. WATTAL Process Development Division, Nuclear Recycle Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay,
More informationEXPERIENCE OF TEST OPERATION FOR REMOVAL OF FISSION PRODUCT NUCLIDES IN TRU-LIQUID WASTE AND CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID USING INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS
EXPERIENCE OF TEST OPERATION FOR REMOVAL OF FISSION PRODUCT NUCLIDES IN TRU-LIQUID WASTE AND CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID USING INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS ABSTRACT H. Tajiri, T. Mimori, K. Miyajima, T. Uchikoshi
More informationAm, Cm recovery from genuine HLLW by extraction chromatography
Am, Cm recovery from genuine HLLW by extraction chromatography Sou Watanabe, Yuichi Sano, Hirohide Kofuji, Masayuki Takeuchi, Atsuhiro Shibata and Kazunori Nomura Japan Atomic Energy Agency 1 NEXT process
More informationNITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS Q30 (i) Explain how the following would affect the yield of ammonia. An increase in (i). Pressure.
NAME SCHOOL INDEX NUMBER DATE NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS 1. 1990 Q30 (i) Explain how the following would affect the yield of ammonia. An increase in (i). Pressure. (2 marks) marks)... (ii) Temperature
More informationELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS FOR REPROCESSING DEFECTIVE FUEL ELEMENTS AND FOR DECONTAMINATING EQUIPMENT. S.V.Mikheykin, K.A.Rybakov, V.P.
ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS FOR REPROCESSING DEFECTIVE FUEL ELEMENTS AND FOR DECONTAMINATING EQUIPMENT ABSTRACT S.V.Mikheykin, K.A.Rybakov, V.P. Simonov The Federal State Unitarian Enterprise A.A.Bochvar All
More informationTakahiro Kikuchi, Ichiro Goto, Kazunori Suzuki
Separation of Actinoids from HLW by Thiacalix[4]arene Compound Impregnated Silica Ion-exchanger Takahiro Kikuchi, Ichiro Goto, Kazunori Suzuki (IRI), 2, Takada, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-86, Japan. Introduction
More informationScience and Technology. Solutions, Separation Techniques, and the PUREX Process for Reprocessing Nuclear Waste
Science and Technology Solutions, Separation Techniques, and the PUREX Process for Reprocessing Nuclear Waste Spent Fuel Rods General Accounting Office Fission products that emit beta and gamma radiation
More informationLecture 25: Manufacture of Maleic Anhydride and DDT
Lecture 25: Manufacture of Maleic Anhydride and DDT 25.1 Introduction - In this last lecture for the petrochemicals module, we demonstrate the process technology for Maleic anhydride and DDT. - Maleic
More informationCHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL
*P15* Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2012 Triailscrúdú na hardteistiméireachta, 2012 CHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL TIME: 3 HOURS 400 MARKS Answer eight questions in all These must include at least two questions
More informationRecovery of Copper Renee Y. Becker Manatee Community College
Recovery of Copper Renee Y. Becker Manatee Community College Introduction In this lab we are going to start with a sample of copper wire. We will then use a sequence of reactions to chemically transform
More informationCHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL
*P15* PRE-LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2008 CHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL TIME: 3 HOURS 400 MARKS Answer eight questions in all These must include at least two questions from Section A All questions carry
More informationORIENT-CYCLE EVOLUTIONAL RECYCLE CONCEPT WITH FAST REACTOR FOR MINIMISING HIGH-LEVEL WASTE
ORIENT-CYCLE EVOLUTIONAL RECYCLE CONCEPT WITH FAST REACTOR FOR MINIMISING HIGH-LEVEL WASTE Naoyuki Takaki, Yoshihiko Shinoda, Masayuki Watanabe and Kazuo Yoshida 1 Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute
More informationChemistry DAPTO HIGH SCHOOL Preliminary Course Examination. Total marks 75
DAPTO HIGH SCHOOL Chemistry 2009 Preliminary Course Examination Total marks 75 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 2 hours Write using black or blue pen Draw diagrams using pencil
More informationMethyl-hydrazine deoxidize Tc(VII) in nitric acid in presence of U(VI) and behavior of technetium in the U/Pu splitting stage of APOR process
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 39 (2013 ) 358 364 Asian Nuclear Prospects 2012 (ANUP2012) Methyl-hydrazine deoxidize Tc(VII) in nitric acid in presence of U(VI)
More informationCurrent Status and Perspective of R&D -Element Separation-
ctober 9-10, 2014 International Symposium on Present Status and Future Perspective for Reducing Radioactive Wastes ~Aiming for Zero-Release~ Current Status and Perspective of R&D -Element Separation- Yasuji
More information6. Extraction. A. Background. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Mixing of Solvents
6. Extraction A. Background Extraction is a frequently used technique to selectively transfer a compound of interested from one solvent to another. Extraction is based on solubility characteristics of
More informationPRODUCTION OF URANOUS NITRATE WITH HYDRAZINE NITRATE AS REDUCING AGENT IN PRESENCE OF ADAMS CATALYST FOR URANIUM RECONVERSION PURPOSES
PRODUCTION OF URANOUS NITRATE WITH HYDRAZINE NITRATE AS REDUCING AGENT IN PRESENCE OF ADAMS CATALYST FOR URANIUM RECONVERSION PURPOSES Abstract: K.S. Rao, K Kumaraguru & P.M. Gandhi. Fuel Reprocessing
More informationRecent Activities on R&D of Innovative Extractants and Adsorbents for Partitioning of Minor Actinides at JAEA
The Tenth OECD/EA Information Exchange Meeting on Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning & Transmutation Mito, Japan, October 8, 2008 Recent Activities on R&D of Innovative Extractants and Adsorbents
More informationJ. D. Law, R. S. Herbst, T. A. Todd, and D. R. Peterman Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
FLOWSHEET TESTING OF THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESS FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS SEPARATION OF CESIUM, STRONTIUM, AND THE ACTINIDES FROM DISSOLVED INEEL CALCINE J. D. Law, R. S. Herbst, T. A. Todd, and
More informationRemoval of Sb-125 and Tc-99 from Liquid Radwaste by Novel Adsorbents
Removal of Sb-125 and Tc-99 from Liquid Radwaste by Novel Adsorbents R.O. Harjula, R. Koivula, A. Paajanen Helsinki University, Laboratory of Radiochemistry PO Box 55, 00014 Finland ABSTRACT Novel proprietary
More informationStoichiometry. Percent composition Part / whole x 100 = %
Stoichiometry Conversion factors 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms (element) 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 molecules (covalent compounds) 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 formula units (ionic compounds) 1 mole (any gas @ STP)
More informationNaming salts. Metal Acid Salt. Sodium hydroxide reacts with Hydrochloric acid to make Sodium chloride
Naming salts A salt is any compound formed by the neutralisation of an acid by a base. The name of a salt has two parts. The first part comes from the metal, metal oxide or metal carbonate. The second
More informationSEPARATION OF MINOR ACTINIDES FROM A GENUINE MA/LN FRACTION. Abstract
SEPARATION OF MINOR ACTINIDES FROM A GENUINE /LN FRACTION B. Sätmark, O. Courson, R. Malmbeck, G. Pagliosa, K. Römer, J.P. Glatz European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements
More information11/3/09. Aqueous Solubility of Compounds. Aqueous Solubility of Ionic Compounds. Aqueous Solubility of Ionic Compounds
Aqueous Solubility of Compounds Not all compounds dissolve in water. Solubility varies from compound to compound. Chapter 5: Chemical Reactions Soluble ionic compounds dissociate. Ions are solvated Most
More informationChem 12 Practice Solubility Test
Chem 12 Practice Solubility Test 1. Which combination of factors will affect the rate of the following reaction? Zn (s) + 2HCl ZnCl 2 + H 2(g) A. Temperature and surface area only B. Temperature and concentration
More informationWhat type of solution that contains all of the
What type of solution that contains all of the solute it can hold at a given temperature? Saturated Solution What type of solution that contains less solute than it is able to hold at a given temperature?
More informationStoichiometry ( ) ( )
Stoichiometry Outline 1. Molar Calculations 2. Limiting Reactants 3. Empirical and Molecular Formula Calculations Review 1. Molar Calculations ( ) ( ) ( ) 6.02 x 10 23 particles (atoms or molecules) /
More informationRelative Solubility of Transition Elements
Microscale Relative Solubility of Transition Elements The transition elements are found in periods 4, 5, and 6 between groups 2 and 13 of the periodic table. As the atomic number increases across a row
More informationEXPERIMENTS. Testing products of combustion: Reducing Copper(III) Oxide to Copper. Page 4
APPARATUS Page 2 APPARATUS Page 3 Reducing Copper(III) Oxide to Copper EXPERIMENTS Page 4 Testing products of combustion: EXPERIMENTS Showing that oxygen and water is needed for rusting iron Page 5 Showing
More informationName Index No.. Class...Candidate s Signature Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
Name Index No.. Class...Candidate s Signature... CHEMISTRY 233/2 FORM 4 PAPER2 TIME: 2 HOURS Instructions to Candidates 1. Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided 2. Mathematical tables and silent
More informationNANDI CENTRAL DISTRICT JOINT MOCK 2013
NAME:. SIGNATURE: INDEX NO:. DATE :.. 233/1 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 THEORY JULY / AUGUST 2013 TIME: 2 HOURS NANDI CENTRAL DISTRICT JOINT MOCK 2013 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.) CHEMISTRY
More informationCopyright 2018 Dan Dill 1
TP The molarity of the NaCl aqueous solution shown in the image is approximately 1. 20 M 2. 20 M 3. 2 M 4. 0.2 M 5. 0.02 M 6. 0.02 M Lecture 19 CH101 A1 (MWF 9:05 am) Friday, October 19, 2018 For today
More informationCh 4-5 Practice Problems - KEY
Ch 4-5 Practice Problems - KEY The following problems are intended to provide you with additional practice in preparing for the exam. Questions come from the textbook, previous quizzes, previous exams,
More informationUnit-8 Equilibrium. Rate of reaction: Consider the following chemical reactions:
Unit-8 Equilibrium Rate of reaction: Consider the following chemical reactions: 1. The solution of sodium chloride and silver nitrate when mixed, there is an instantaneous formation of a precipitate of
More informationUnit 3: QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP IN CHEMICAL CHANGE
Unit : Quantitative Relationship in Chemical Change Unit : QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP IN CHEMICAL CHANGE Chapter 8: Chemical Reactions 8.1: Describing Chemical Change Reactants: - chemicals that goes into
More informationChapter 8 Chemical Reactions
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions Chapter 8: 1 7, 9 18, 20, 21, 24 26, 29 31, 46, 55, 69 Practice Problems 1. Write a skeleton equation for each chemical reaction. Include the appropriate
More informationChapter 9 Practice Worksheet: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 9 Practice Worksheet: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1. The compound H 2 S is classified as a weak electrolyte. Describe/draw how it reacts when placed in water. Completely dissociates in water.
More informationTechnical Resource Package 1
Technical Resource Package 1 Green Chemistry Impacts in Batch Chemical Processing UNIDO IAMC Toolkit Images may not be copied, transmitted or manipulated 1/5 The following list provides an overview of
More informationExtra Questions. Chemical Formula IUPAC Name Ionic, Molecular, or Acid. ethanol. sulfurous acid. titanium (IV) oxide. gallium sulfate.
Chemistry 30 Recap Chemistry 20 Complete the following chart: Extra Questions Name: Chemical Formula IUPAC Name Ionic, Molecular, or Acid PbI2 (s) ethanol NaHS (aq) sulfurous acid H2O2 (l) titanium (IV)
More informationICSE Chemistry Model Paper-9
ICSE Chemistry Model Paper-9 Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading the
More informationChemistry Stoichiometry and Heat Exam (ver.1) Mr. Thaler. Please do not write on this exam. Mark your answers on the scantron only.
1. Identify from the unbalanced equations below the one that does not represent a redox reaction. a. H 2O 2(aq) + MnO 4 - (aq) O 2(g) + Mn 2+ (aq) b. H 2(g) + N 2(g) NH 3(g) c. NaCl (aq) + AgNO 3(aq) NaNO
More informationChapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions
More informationTest Booklet. Subject: SC, Grade: HS CST High School Chemistry Part 2. Student name:
Test Booklet Subject: SC, Grade: HS Student name: Author: California District: California Released Tests Printed: Thursday January 16, 2014 1 Theoretically, when an ideal gas in a closed container cools,
More informationTHE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA A. M. E. C. E. A
THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN AFRICA A. M. E. C. E. A MAIN EXAMINATION P.O. Box 62157 00200 Nairobi - KENYA Telephone: 891601-6 Fax: 254-20-891084 E-mail:academics@cuea.edu JANUARY APRIL 2014 TRIMESTER
More informationMOCK FINALS APPCHEN QUESTIONS
MOCK FINALS APPCHEN QUESTIONS For questions 1-3 Aluminum dissolves in an aqueous solution of NaOH according to the following reaction: 2 NaOH + 2 Al + 2 H2O 2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2 If 84.1 g of NaOH and 51.0 g
More informationPart A Questions 1 to 14 Blacken the letter that corresponds to your answer in the answer booklet.
Part A Questions 1 to 14 Blacken the letter that corresponds to your answer in the answer booklet. 1 On a cold winter morning, the tires on a car appear flat. (Assume that no air has leaked out of the
More information6. Extraction. A. Background. (a) (b) (c) Figure 1. Mixing of Solvents
6. Extraction A. Background Extraction is a frequently used technique to selectively transfer a compound of interested from one solvent to another. Extraction is based on solubility characteristics of
More informationExperimental techniques
Experimental techniques 2.1 Measurement Apparatus used in the lab: Name Use Picture Beaker Used to hold liquids Burette Used to add accurate volumes of liquid Conical Flask Used to hold liquids Crystallizing
More information3Fe +2 (aq) + 2PO 4. NaHCO 3 + H 2 O. Chem 121 Quiz 3 Practice Fall 2017
Chem 121 Quiz 3 Practice Fall 2017 The following quiz contains 22 questions (and bonuses!) valued at 1 point/question Name KEY G = H T S PV = nrt P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 P 1 /T 1 = P 2 /T 2 V 1 /T 1 = V 2 /T
More informationCL Resin based methods for the separation and determination of Cl-36 and I-129 in environmental and decommissioning samples
CL Resin based methods for the separation and determination of Cl-36 and I-129 in environmental and decommissioning samples Outline Scope Resin characterization Method optimization Spiked samples Summary
More informationAn equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown below.
An equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is shown below. 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O + O 2 State the measurements you would take in order to investigate the rate of this reaction............. (Total
More informationNICKEL-63/59 IN WATER
Analytical Procedure NICKEL-63/59 IN WATER 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a method for the separation and measurement of nickel- 63/59 in water samples. 1.2. This method does not address all aspects of safety,
More informationName Period CH 180 Practice Test: Chapters 3 and 4
Name Period CH 180 Practice Test: Chapters 3 and 4 Multiple Choice: 1. 11. 2. 12. 3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 6. 16. 7. 17. 8. 18. 9. 19. 10. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 1 Directions: Answer all questions.
More informationMethods of purification
Methods of purification Question Paper 1 Level IGSE Subject hemistry (0620/0971) Exam oard ambridge International Examinations (IE) Topic Experimental techniques Sub-Topic Methods of purification ooklet
More informationResearch Program on Water Chemistry of Supercritical Pressure Water under Radiation Field
14th International Conference on the Properties of Water and Steam in Kyoto Research Program on Water Chemistry of Supercritical Pressure Water under Radiation Field Yosuke Katsumura 1, Kiyoshi Kiuchi
More informationMERCAPTAN SULFUR IN GASOLINE & KEROSENE AVIATION TURBINE & DISTILLATE FUELS USING ASTM D3227
MERCAPTAN SULFUR IN GASOLINE & KEROSENE AVIATION TURBINE & DISTILLATE FUELS USING ASTM D3227 Titration Application Use For the determination of mercaptan sulfur in a range from 3 mg/kg 100 mg/kg. Required
More informationAP1000 European 11. Radioactive Waste Management Design Control Document
CHAPTER 11 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT 11.1 Source Terms This section addresses the sources of radioactivity that are treated by the liquid and gaseous radwaste systems. Radioactive materials are generated
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Topics General properties of aqueous solutions Precipitation reactions Acid base reactions Oxidation reduction reactions Concentration of solutions Aqueous reactions
More informationCurrent State of Extraction Don t Be Deceived! Sharon F. Webb, Ph.D. Director of Quality Program
Current State of Extraction Don t Be Deceived! Sharon F. Webb, Ph.D. Director of Quality Program Overview Factors Purpose of Dissolution Quality Objectives of Program Effectiveness of Dissolution Technique
More information#89 Notes Unit 11: Acids & Bases and Radiochemistry Ch. Acids, Bases, and Radioactivity
#89 Notes Unit 11: Acids & Bases and Radiochemistry Ch. Acids, Bases, and Radioactivity Common Strong Acids Common Strong Bases HCl hydrochloric acid Group #1 + OH HNO 3 nitric acid NaOH, KOH etc. H 2
More informationMercaptan Sulfur in Gasoline and Kerosene Aviation Turbine and Distillate Fuels
Application Note Mercaptan Sulfur in Gasoline and Kerosene Aviation Turbine and Distillate Fuels USING ASTM D 3227 Introduction For the determination of mercaptan sulfur in a range from 3 mg/kg 100 mg/kg.
More informationCarbonate content. SCAN-N 32:98 Revised White, green and black liquors and burnt lime sludge
Revised 1998 White, green and black liquors and burnt lime sludge Carbonate content 0 Introduction This SCAN-test Method replaces SCAN-N 32:88 from which it differs in that it, in addition to white and
More informationCompounds in Aqueous Solution
1 Compounds in Aqueous Solution Many reactions involve ionic compounds, especially reactions in water KMnO 4 in water K + (aq) ) + MnO 4- (aq) 2 CCR, page 149 3 How do we know ions are present in aqueous
More information11. Radioactive Waste Management AP1000 Design Control Document
CHAPTER 11 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT 11.1 Source Terms This section addresses the sources of radioactivity that are treated by the liquid and gaseous radwaste systems. Radioactive materials are generated
More informationScientific Observations and Reaction Stoichiometry: The Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Reactivity of Five White Powders
Scientific Observations and Reaction Stoichiometry: The Qualitative Analysis and Chemical Reactivity of Five White Powders Objectives Part 1: To determine the limiting reagent and percent yield of CuCO
More information(A) Simple distillation (i) When liquid sample has (i) Mixture of chloroform
PURIFICATION METHODS Distillation Techniques : Ty p e C ondi ti ons E x a m p l e s (A) Simple distillation (i) When liquid sample has (i) Mixture of chloroform non volatile impurities (BP = 334K) and
More informationOH (ammonium hydroxide) are in 3.47 moles of NH 4. OH? 1 grams. 2 Na(s) + Cl 2. (g) 2 NaCl(s) (32.00 g/mol) according to the reaction C 3
Question #: 1 Posting ID: 423347 Course: CHE 105 2015 SU Instructor: Sarah Edwards How many grams of NH 4 OH (ammonium hydroxide) are in 3.47 moles of NH 4 OH? 1 grams Question #: 2 When 2.61 grams of
More informationCHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY
Advanced Chemistry Name Hour Advanced Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Day Plans
More informationUranium from water sample
Uranium from water sample Analysis of uranium from water sample Determination of uranium is based on radiochemical separation and alpha spectrometric measurements. Detailed description is presented below.
More informationLab 2. Go Their Separate Ways: Separation of an Acid, Base, and Neutral Substance by Acid-Base Extraction
Lab 2. Go Their Separate Ways: Separation of an Acid, Base, and Neutral Substance by Acid-Base Extraction How can I use an acid-base reaction to separate an acid-base-neutral mixture? Objectives 1. use
More informationCHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL
*P15* Pre-Leaving Certificate Examination, 2013 Triailscrúdú na hardteistiméireachta, 2013 CHEMISTRY HIGHER LEVEL TIME: 3 HOURS 400 MARKS Answer eight questions in all These must include at least two questions
More informationCoimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission
Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission M. 33 LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2006 CHEMISTRY - ORDINARY LEVEL TUESDAY, 20 JUNE AFTERNOON 2.00 TO 5.00 400 MARKS Answer eight questions
More information(b) KS 2 strong electrolyte weak electrolyte nonelectrolyte. (e) (NH 2 ) 2 CO strong electrolyte weak electrolyte nonelectrolyte
1. [Chan7 4.P.007.] Identify each of the followin substances as a stron, weak, or non. (a) H 2 O stron weak non (b) KS 2 stron weak non (c) HF stron weak non (d) CH 3 OH stron weak non (e) (NH 2 ) 2 CO
More informationCHEMISTRY PAPER 1999
CHEMISTRY PAPER 1999 (One and a half hours) Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will NOT be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent
More informationKenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)
Name: Index No. School:. Candidate s Sign.... Date:... 233/1 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 JULY /AUGUST 2011 TIME: 2 HOURS Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.) Chemistry Paper 1 INSTRUCTIONS TO THE
More informationLab #6: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS LAB
lab Lab #6: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS LAB Name PART I: Preparation of Carboxylic Acids (a) Oxidation of an Aldehyde by Oxygen from the Air: Benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde with a familiar odor. On a clean,
More informationGreen Oxidations with Tungsten Catalysts. by Mike Kuszpit Michigan State University
Green xidations with Tungsten Catalysts by Mike Kuszpit Michigan State University xidations in rganic Chemistry [] [] R 1 R 1 R 1 [] R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 [] R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 [] R 1 R 2 Essential as building
More informationName Date Class SECTION 16.1 PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS Practice Problems In your notebook, solve the following problems. SECTION 16.1 PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS 1. The solubility of CO 2 in water at 1.22 atm is 0.54 g/l. What is the solubility of carbon
More informationOctober 19, 1999 Page 1. Chapter 4 Practice Worksheet Dr. Palmer Graves, Instructor MULTIPLE CHOICE
October 19, 1999 Page 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Section 4.1 Some Ways that Chemical Reactions Occur 1. The reaction of HNO (aq) + KOH(aq) KNO (aq) + H O(l) is best classified as a(n) a) acid-base neutralization
More informationAnswer Key Multiple Choice (PART I)
Answer Key Multiple Choice (PART I) 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D
More informationREACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS [ MH5; Ch. 4] Most reactions in water involve hydrated, charged species [ (aq) ]. Any substance which is ionic in the solid state will form ions in solution. EXAMPLE: KCR
More informationWorking with Hazardous Chemicals
A Publication of Reliable Methods for the Preparation of Organic Compounds Working with Hazardous Chemicals The procedures in Organic Syntheses are intended for use only by persons with proper training
More informationWrite the ionic equation for this neutralisation reaction. Include state symbols.
Q1.Sodium hydroxide neutralises sulfuric acid. The equation for the reaction is: 2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O (a) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. What is meant by a strong acid? (b) Write the ionic
More informationTECHNETIUM-99 IN WATER
Analytical Procedure TECHNETIUM-99 IN WATER (WITH VACUUM BOX SYSTEM) 1. SCOPE 1.1. This procedure describes a method to separate and measure technetium-99 in water. 1.2. This method does not address all
More informationSilver Removal Process Develo ME0 Cleanout
UCRL-ID- 123601 Silver Removal Process Develo ME0 Cleanout su, Zoher Chiba, Bruce J. Schumacher, d Martyn G. Adamson state or reflect advertising or produc DISC an agency of the United States Government.
More informationM = Molarity = mol solute L solution. PV = nrt % yield = actual yield x 100 theoretical yield. PM=dRT where d=density, M=molar mass
Solubility Rules: 1. Most nitrate salts are soluble. 2. Most salts of alkali metals and ammonium cations are soluble. 3. Most chloride, bromide and iodide salts are soluble. Exceptions: salts containing
More informationSupporting Information. Highly Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Various Amines Using Pd 3 Pb Intermetallic Compound Catalysts
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Highly Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Various Amines Using Pd 3 Pb Intermetallic
More information4023 Synthesis of cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from adipic acid diethyl ester
NP 4023 Synthesis of cyclopentanone-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester from adipic acid diethyl ester NaEt C 10 H 18 4 Na C 2 H 6 C 8 H 12 3 (202.2) (23.0) (46.1) (156.2) Classification Reaction types and substance
More informationAcyl chloride/ acid anhydride
3.14 Synthetic routes poly(alkene) dihalogenoalkane KH aqueous under reflux Nu Sub diol high pressure catalyst Step 1 H 2 S 4 EAdd Step 2 H 2 warm hydrolysis alcohol alkene conc. H 2 S 4 or conc. H 3 P
More informationExam Practice. Chapters
Exam Practice Chapters 16.6 17 1 Chapter 16 Chemical Equilibrium Concepts of: Weak bases Percent ionization Relationship between K a and K b Using structure to approximate strength of acids Strength of
More informationTHORIUM, PLUTONIUM, AND URANIUM IN WATER
Analytical Procedure THORIUM, PLUTONIUM, AND URANIUM IN WATER 1. SCOPE 1.1. This is a method for the separation of thorium, plutonium and uranium in water. After completing this method, source preparation
More informationChapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. V. Molarity VI. Acid-Base Titrations VII. Dilution of Solutions
Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I. Electrolytes vs. NonElectrolytes II. Precipitation Reaction a) Solubility Rules III. Reactions of Acids a) Neutralization b) Acid and Carbonate c) Acid and
More information7) Applications of Nuclear Radiation in Science and Technique (1) Analytical applications (Radiometric titration)
7) Applications of Nuclear Radiation in Science and Technique (1) (Radiometric titration) The radioactive material is indicator Precipitation reactions Complex formation reactions Principle of a precipitation
More information2014 Chemistry 1 st Semester Exam Review Packet
Name: Date: Hour: 2014 Chemistry 1 st Semester Exam Review Packet 1. What percentage of the water on Earth is salt water? (1 point) A. 97.2% B. 0.009% C. 2.11% D. 2.8 % 2. One similarity between all mixtures
More informationSOLUTIONS. Solutions - page
SOLUTIONS For gases in a liquid, as the temperature goes up the solubility goes. For gases in a liquid, as the pressure goes up the solubility goes. Example: What is the molarity of a solution with 2.0
More informationAcid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Solution Equilibria (17.1) Buffer Solutions (17.2) A Closer Look at Acid-Base
More informationSolution Stoichiometry
Chapter 8 Solution Stoichiometry Note to teacher: You will notice that there are two different formats for the Sample Problems in the student textbook. Where appropriate, the Sample Problem contains the
More informationReactivity of Halide Ions
Microscale Reactivity of Halide Ions The four halide salts used in this experiment are found in your body. Although sodium fluoride is poisonous, trace amounts seem to be beneficial to humans in the prevention
More informationMAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E.
MAHESH TUTORIALS I.C.S.E. GRADE - X (2017-2018) Exam No. : MT/ICSE/SEMI PRELIM - II - SET -A 020 Periodic Table, Chemical bonding, Acid, Bases and Salts, Practical Work, Mole Concept, Electrolysis Chemistry
More informationPURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES. Substance = form of a matter consisting of a great number of elementary particles: atoms, ions and...
PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES Substance = form of a matter consisting of a great number of elementary particles: atoms, ions and... Substances differ in the kind of the particles they consist of. The type
More information