CLASS VIII XII. Month Unit Topic Sub Topic

Transcription

1 March 1 The Solid State Classification of solids based on different binding forces : molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), Crystal Lattices and unit cells, calculation of density of unit cells, packing in solids, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. April 2 Solution Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids solid solutions, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic prerssure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass. 3 Electrochemistry Redrox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (Elementary idea), Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, Standard eletrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells, corrosion. May 4 Chemical Rate of a reaction (avarage and instantaneous), Kinetics factors aggecting rate of reaction : catalyst order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions), collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment. 5 The Surface Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, Chemistry factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, 90

2 catalysis : homogenous and hetero-geneous, activity and selectivity, enzyme catalysis; colloids distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic, multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids : Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electro-phoresis, coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions. June 6 General principles Principles and methods of extraction - and processes of concentration, oxidation, reduction - eletrolytic extractions of method and refining; occurrence and principles of elements extraction of aluminium copper, zinc and iron. 7 The p-block Group 15 Elements : General introduction, elements electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen - preparation, properties and uses; compounds of nitrogen : preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only); Phosphorous-allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorous : preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCI 3, PCI 5 ) and oxoacids (elementary idea only) Group 16 Elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses, simple oxides, Ozone, Sulphur - allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur : preparation, properties and uses of sulphur dioxide, sulphuric acid : industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structure only). 91

3 July 8 Group 17 Elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (Structures only). Group 18 elements : General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses. 9 d-block and General introduction, electronic configuration, f-block elements occurrence and characteristics of transition metals general trends in properties of the first row transition metals - metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, inerstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K 2 Cr 2 O 7 and KMnO 4. Lanthanoids - electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction. Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states. August 10 Coordination Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands compounds coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, isomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction fo metals and biological systems). August 11 Haloalkanes Haloalkanes : Nomenclature, nature of C-X and Haloarenes bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. 92

4 September 12 CLASS VIII XII Haloarenes : Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (diretive influence of halogen in monosubstitued compounds only) Uses and environmental effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT. Revision for 1 st block Test and 1 st block test. October 13 Alcohols Alcohols : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, Phenols and physical and chemical properties (of primary Ethers alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses of methanol and ethanol. Phenols : Nomenclature, methods of preparation physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic sunstitution reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers : Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses. 14 Alcohols, Aldehydes and Ketones : Phenols and Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods Ethers of perparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses. Carboxylic Acids : Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses. November 15 Organic Amines : Nomenclature, classification, structure, compounds methods of preparation, physical and chemical containing properties, uses, identification of primary, Nitrogen secondary and tertiary amines. Cyanides and Isocyanides - will be mentioned at relevant places in context. 93

5 December CLASS VIII XII January Diazonium salts : Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry. 16 Biomolecules Carbohydrates : Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccah-rides (glucose and fructose), oligo-saccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides ) starch, cellulose, glycogen), importance. Proteins - Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins-primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. Vitamins - Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA. Polymers Classification - natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization, some important polymers : natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, rubber. Chemistry in Chemicals in medicines- analgesics, tranquilizers, Everyday life antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility, drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines. Chemicals in food - preservatives, artifical sweetening agents. Cleansing agents - soaps and detergents, cleansing action. 1st Pre Board Examination 2nd pre-board Examination Revision for Board Examination 94