Botany. Study of Plant Life. Bonnie Pavlak, CPH

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1 Botany Study of Plant Life Bonnie Pavlak, CPH

2

3 The Plant Cell

4 The Plant Cell What 2 features of a plant cell are not found in an animal cell? Cell Wall Chloroplasts

5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO 2 + H LIGHT = SUGAR + OXYGEN OCCURS IN THE CHLOROPLAST

6 RESPIRATION Sugar + O 2 = CO 2 + H 2 O + ENERGY Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA Do animals respire? Plants?

7 TRANSPIRATION WATER VAPOR EVAPORATES FROM THE STOMATA THIS PULLS THE WATER AND MINERALS UP FROM THE ROOTS EVAPORATION ALSO COOLS THE PLANT GAS EXCHANGE O 2 CO 2

8 Minerals in Soil N P K Ca Mg S B Cu Fe Na Cl Mn Mo Zn Si

9

10 STOMA (pl. stomata) Pore on under side of Leaf Guard Cells Open & Close Transpiration Pulls Water Up from roots

11 Categorizing Plants by Length of Life Name Definition Examples Annual Biennial Perennial Lives for one growing season Lives for two growing seasons Survives for many growing seasons Sunflower, Verbena, Zinnia, Petunia, Coleus Carrot, Onion, Hollyhock, Foxglove Coneflower, Daylilies, Hosta, Peonies

12 TAXONOMY - classification Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista - Algae Kingdom Monera - Bacteria Kingdom Animalia

13 PLANT KINGDOM Mosses & Liverworts Horsetails Club Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Monocots Dicots

14 Mosses & Liverworts No circulatory system

15 Horsetails Scouring Rush

16 Club Mosses Lycopodium Spores used as flash powder

17 This image cannot currently be displayed. Ferns Sorus(i) (spore case) Fiddleheads

18 GYMNOSPERMS Vascular Tissue Seeds Cones (Conifers) No Flowers Examples: Cycads Ginkgo Conifers

19 CYCADS Primitive Seed Plant Cone Bearing Mesozoic Era 200 million years ago Subtropical Looks like a palm Called Sago Palm Not a palm

20 GINKGO Ginkgo biloba Living Fossil 270 million years ago Thought extinct Survived in Chinese temple gardens May live 3,000 years

21 CONIFERS

22 ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOTS & DICOTS COTYLEDON SEED LEAF

23 LATIN BINOMIALS Carl Linnaeus - 2 Names Genus (capitalized) specific epithet (never capitalized) Acer rubrum (Italics) Salix babylonica L. (Underline) Gleditsia tricanthos var. inermis (variety) Thornless Common Honeylocust naturally occurring Cultivar intentionally cultivated

24 SEEDS

25 THE LEAF Monocot Parallel Veins Dicot Net Veins

26 The Herbaceous Stem Scattered Vascular Bundles Ring of Vascular Bundles

27 Bamboo scattered vascular bundles

28 Woody Dicot Stem Monocots do not have woody stems

29 Vascular Tissue Xylem conducts Phloem conducts Cambium makes xylem towards the inside of the tree and makes phloem towards the outside of the tree Do Monocots have Cambium? Y N

30 The Flower

31 Pollination Male sex cell produced by the stamen Female sex cell produced by the ovary Ovary becomes Ovules becomes

32 Monocots have 3 or multiples of 3 Flower Parts Dicots have 2, 4 & 5 or multiples of 2,4 & 5 Flower Parts

33 Leaf Types

34 Palmately Compound Leaf

35 The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Leaf Arrangement Opposite Alternate Whorled

36 Cross Section of a Leaf

37 Differences Monocots Dicots Leaf Veins # Flower Parts # Cotyledons Vascular Bundles Have Cambium Y N

38 Review What are the 2 parts of the scientific Name? If the flowers in an orange orchard died in a heavy frost, would the trees produce fruit?

39 Plant Hormonesand Function Cytokinins Gibberellins Ethylene Abscisic Acid Auxin Growth Gravity Aging, Touch Dormancy, Closes Stoma Responds to Light

40 Apical Dominance - pruning Auxin, a hormone produced in the terminal bud inhibits lateral bud development until removed

41 Anatomy of a Twig terminal bud a bud that is at the tip of a stem or branch bud scale a small modified leaf on the outside of a bud lateral bud a bud that is situated along the sides of a branch and not at the tip lenticel a corky spot on the bark which originally permitted air to enter the twig

42 Twig Labels leaf scar the scar left on a twig when a leaf falls bud scale scar scar left on a twig when a bud scale falls bundle trace dot-like scars within a leaf scar (Xylem & Phloem) node the place on a twig where a leaf is attached internode the part of a twig between two nodes pith central, usually soft portion of a twig

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