the European Honeybee

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1 the European Honeybee

2 Queen 1 queen in every hive the only fertile female in the hive lives 2 to 10 years longer than other bees

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4 perform every task in and out of the hive sterile females live for 28 to 35 days emerge from cells after 21 days around 60,000 worker bees in a strong hive perform a sequence of tasks according to age

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7 nursing hive cleaning foraging guarding

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12 only male bees in hive do no work only purpose is to inseminate queen 24 days to emerge

13 bees can be kept almost anywhere

14 1. Smoker hive tool 2. Nylon bee brush 3. Aluminum frame grip 4. Zipper-veil bee suit 5. White plastic helmet gloves with nylon cuffs shoes and socks (no wool)

15 1. Hive Equipment: Brood Chamber: two 9-5/8" deep boxes Honey Supers: two 6-5/8" boxes 2. Frames: grooved top, grooved bottom with solid plastic waxed foundation 3. Queen excluder 4. Cover 5. Bottom Board with beeways; entrance reducer for Winter 6. Screened bottom (mite control)

16 best to start with 2 to 5 colonies obtain bees from a reputable source or a swarm feed light syrup to establish light syrup = 50% water 50% sugar

17 Swarms Packages Nucs Colonies

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27 Location High ground, dry. Morning sun. Facing south or southeast if possible. Out of wind

28 Flight Paths Water Availability Pollen Availability Nectar Availability Proximity to Toxins Pests in Area

29 Bears electric fencing Skunks elevate hive Mice difficult to control - keep hive strong. Yellow Jackets trapping

30 Water Nectar Pollen Propolis

31 Used to control the temperature in the hive Provide water for your bees Peat moss drip onto wood trough with floating islands

32 desiccated into honey food for adult bees

33 high in protein used to feed larvae

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35 bee glue anti-fungal/bacterial gathered from sap of perennial plants everything in hive is coated with propolis

36 Pollination Honey Beeswax Pollen Royal Jelly Propolis Venom

37 Worth 14.6 Billion in 2000 in the U.S.A. By far the most important bee product 1 out of every 3 bites of food

38 Extracted and Comb 148 million lbs produced in 2007 in U.S.A contains 25 different sugars contains essential minerals in varying quantities depending on source plants

39 lubricant body care products candles etc.

40 protein and mineral rich food 7 to 35% protein by weight Gathered using pollen trap at hive entrance

41 anti-inflammatory antibiotic stimulates growth of neural stem cells inhibits tumor growth harvested from queen cells

42 anti-inflammatory anti-fungal/biotic used to treat sore throat cataracts ulcers viral diseases burns

43 anti-inflammatory anti-coagulant used to treat rheumatism joint diseases experimentally on cancer, AIDS

44 Bee Behavior understanding and handling bees Sting Avoidance protective gear calmness understanding method

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52 Goals strong colonies honey production? pollination? pollen production?

53 Check colonies by second week of January for egg laying if pollen is coming in eggs are most likely being layed DO NOT OPEN HIVE if weather is cold/wet if hive is opened check for eggs

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55 Check colonies by second week of January for egg laying Reverse supers in late January to early February, give plenty of room Queens and requeening Dearth late spring Objective: Get colonies strong but not swarming

56 a natural process not completely preventable

57 Re-queen with young well bred queens Provide plenty of space Reverse Brood Chambers Split or Equalize Colonies Cut Out Queen cells

58 Combine smaller swarms Add brood frames and feed Check to see if queen is laying

59 How high up? How large? What is it on? Have reporting party confirm answers. How long has it been there?

60 Bee Suit and Brush don t use a smoker Ladder, shears, saw Cardboard box or other receptacle Empty hive with combs

61 Drawing comb Supering Harvesting Objective: Leave all the honey the bees will need and harvest the rest

62 Stores and Feeding Combine weak colonies Arrangement of colony Managing pests and diseases Objective: Getting colonies ready for winter

63 Exposure Moisture Mice Starvation (Feb-April) and stress Objective: to have the colony survive the winter

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66 Mated female walks into cell gets capped in with host bee larvae feeds by pushing mouthparts through exoskeleton of developing larva Mite lays egg on cell wall every 30 hours eggs hatch within 24 hours mite nymphal stages parasitic on bee blood resting, pupae-like stage, does not feed

67 First Offspring of Mite usually male all other offspring are females daughters reach maturity in 5.5 days sisters mate with brother Mother and Daughters emerge when bee chews its way out of cell male mite dies Some daughters go into cells and start laying

68 Other daughters move between bees end up at hive entrance hop onto robbing bees ride out on foraging bees move to other colonies by drifting or robbing or are carried to another colony by bees who are abandoning a collapsing colony Mites live 2 to 3 months numbers of mites increase slowly in a hive robbing or neighboring collapsing hives can cause rapid growth of mite population

69 Individual Bees reduced levels of proteins in blood extremely reduced ability to produce royal jelly atrophy of flight muscles reduction of life expectancy transmission of viral diseases between bees

70 Effects on Bee Colonies reduced brood rearing, colony populations and honey yields as mite levels increase: drones disappear replacement workers are not being reared 2 or more mites to much to bear parasitized hosts are malformed distinct small clusters of bees on combs and walls of hive

71 Colony Collapses as older bees die happens fast to strong colonies remaining adults fly to other colonies and infect them Varroa mites vector viral diseases infested colonies can collapse with low mite #s deformed wing virus produces honey bee parasitic mite syndrome

72 Look for mites directly sticky boards organic powdered sugar emerging brood uncapping cells Examine for mite feces shiny white globs usually on ceiling of cell

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78 Screened Bottom Board Varroa Trap screened space above bottom board 1/8 inch wire mesh is best > ½ inch space will prevent mites from re-infesting bees use sticky board to prevent mites from crawling up sides of frame screen and bottom board require periodic cleaning

79 Drone Cell Removal insert one or more short frames place along edge of brood nest bees will build drone cells allow comb to be drawn and drones to be reared to capped stage remove capped done brood kill brood and mites by freezing >48 hours break open cappings and return comb to bees for reuse Continue process throughout spring/summer/fall

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81 UC Cooperative Extension answers for ag/hort related questions Farms of Amador/Motherlode Harvest local agricultural product marketing Contact: (209)

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Bee Colony Activities Throughout The Year

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