EVOLUTION & BIODIVERSITY TOPIC 5
|
|
- Cori Reynolds
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EVOLUTION & BIODIVERSITY TOPIC 5
2 TOPIC 5 EVOLUTION & BIODIVERSITY 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION CLASSIFICATION FOR BIODIVERSITY CLADISTICS SAMPLE QUESTIONS... 18
3 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION EVOLUTION The changes are and over The changes occur in controlled by The changes occur at a The evidence for evolution is strong, but it is still considered to be just a theory. The theory of evolution has stood up to repeated research, testing and evidence collection. The theory gets as new data emerges. Some examples of evidence for evolution: Also,, 1
4 THE FOSSIL RECORD of plants, animals and prokaryotes are able to be in of. The the fossils are found, the they are. The fossils could show a over time as a species develops. Transitional species have been uncovered. eg. is a transitional fossil between and Fossils are The of all and and their in forms the fossil record. The fossil record tries to create a to the study of fossils and evolution. There are in the fossil record: because because because Transitional species show the links between groups and species by traits/features common to the species and the theorised. eg. Archeopteryx lithographica has a combination of avian and reptilian features. 2
5 SELECTIVE BREEDING Also called The process by which humans breed organisms for. eg. breeding dogs for racing or herding eg. bred for yielding milk or meat eg. breeding crops for increased yield or HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Comparing the of groups of organisms uncovers some structural features that are. These structures are referred to as. These similarities imply between the organisms. If these homologous structures are used in different ways by the different species, it implies into different. eg. the in 3
6 HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Looking for trends and discrepancies There are common features in the bone structure of vertebrate limbs despite their varied use. The five-fingered limb was adapted by modification for different uses/habitats: Mammals for Birds for Amphibians for Reptiles for 4
7 DIVERGENT EVOLUTION of a species can into by evolution. If populations are, and therefore from one another, it is likely that they will experience. Over many generations, the population will change as a result of (Topic 5.2). If the continues to be for a long period of time, the separated populations will not be able to with each other even when they are. This is called. Populations can become reproductively isolated from one another by a of some description. The barrier could be: separated by a river or mountain range around at different times different mating rituals or calls prefer different food/plants aspects of environment favour one form over another Speciation can be or. used the of the as an example of speciation occurring in this way. 5
8 CONTINUOUS VARIATION Continuous variation of populations can exist across a This matches the concept of. eg. gulls are an example of a showing continuous variation where is able to occur The gulls in a ring around the. ie. Species 1 can breed with Species 2, Species 2 can breed with Species, etc However, Species 1 (Lesser black-backed gull - L. fuscus) is sufficiently different from (European herring gull - L. argentatus). These two species. THE PEPPERED MOTH Up until mid 19th century, most peppered moths were, but did exist. Their light colour allowed them to against on the trees and rocks. produced and. This soot covered the trees and killed then lichen. The black mutant was now able to camouflage against the soot-covered trees. Its population, while the population of white moths decreases due to by birds. NOTE: in Europe have and evolution of the peppered moth is now! Complete relevant practice Qs beginning on Page 18. 6
9 5.2 NATURAL SELECTION Finding, catching This causes a struggle for survival. Avoiding, tolerating Shelter, nesting sites Catching, avoiding Attracting, fertilising Resulting from 7
10 are that make an individual its and way of life. Variations that give an advantage are selected for: The individual which can best in the will survive long enough to and the trait. of these will and, the population will. Variations that give a disadvantage are selected against: The individual is to the environment, making it more for them to survive. The individual is to pass on the trait. Frequency of these genes will. Process of natural selection: 1. of offspring OR environmental change 2. exists in a population 3. for survival (due to ) 4. Advantageous variations are 5. to reproduce and pass on genes 6. Gene frequency increases and becomes more common in population Only changes in the characteristics of a population can be passed on. 8
11 EXAMPLES OF EVOLUTION Some species have a and can be. Most species have a generation time and the evolutionary changes are so there is only evidence for evolution. Examples of evolution: Theories can be used to explain natural phenomena The theory of evolution by natural selection can explain the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibiotic resistant bacteria: Most individuals in a bacterial colony are. Mutations give rise to. Some of these variations will result in to certain. The resistant strain will. are passed on and the resistant population grows. eg. Staphyloccoccus aureus bacteria ( ) is usually treated with. There is now a methycillin-resistant strain of Golden Staph ( ). This is could cause big problems in the future, as bacteria could become resistant to antibiotics. Could create a colony of! Worried? Go study and research new antibiotics!!!!! 9
12 EXAMPLES OF EVOLUTION Darwin s finches: The Galapagos Islands are a group of islands, off the coast of. visited the islands in on. The finches evolved from a of finches on the mainland. Darwin believed that they might have been course to their new habitats by a. Each habitat had, so ( of years!), the finches to suit their own islands. They eventually became. This is. 10
13 EXAMPLES OF EVOLUTION The Island of is a small, isolated island susceptible to. There are two species of finches that have been studies for years on this island: ground finch ground finch original species on the island Large ground finch: Beak is large, ideal for. A ( La Niña event) resulted in a of seeds Consequence was a in the of finches The mean beak size of finches was. The mean beak size of successive generations. Medium ground finch: Beak is short and thick, ideal for small and medium seeds. (1983 El Niño event) resulted in an of smaller sized seeds Consequence was a in the mean beak size of successive generations. Complete relevant practice Qs beginning on Page
14 5.3 CLASSIFICATION FOR BIODIVERSITY U 1. The binomial system of names for species is universal among biologists and has been agreed and developed at a series of congresses. 2. When species are discovered they are given scientific names using the binomial system. 3. Taxonomists classify species using a hierarchy of taxa. 4. All organisms are classified into three domains. 5. The principal taxa for classifying eukaryotes are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. 6. In a natural classification, the genus and accompanying higher taxa consist of all the species that have evolved from one common ancestral species. 7. Taxonomists sometimes reclassify groups of species when new evidence shows that a previous taxon contains species that have evolved from different ancestral species. 8. Natural classifications help in identification of species and allow the prediction of characteristics shared by species within a group. A 1. Classification of one plant and one animal species from domain to species level. 2. Recognition features of bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. 3. Recognition features of porifera, cnidaria, platylhelmintha, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda and chordata. 4. Recognition of features of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish. S 1. Construction of dichotomous keys for use in identifying specimens. NOS Cooperation and collaboration between groups of scientists scientists use the binomial system to identify a species rather than the many different local names. Complete relevant practice Qs beginning on Page
15 5.4 CLADISTICS CLADOGRAMS Cladograms are that show the similarities and differences between different species. points on cladograms are called. Nodes indicate a between the remaining organisms with shared derived characteristics Cladograms are mostly based on or in a protein. Clade: Clades can be small or large Some members of a clade may be The used to build a cladogram can also be used to estimate species diverged from one another. in DNA that are occur at a. This rate can be used as a to calculate how long ago a species diverged. The, the more they shared. 13
16 CLADOGRAMS Primate cladogram: 1 What animal is most closely related to humans? 2 What animals are more closely related to humans than old world monkeys? 3 Which animal diverged from the primate ancestor first? 14
17 HOMOLOGOUS & ANALOGOUS TRAITS Traits can be homologous and analogous. ANALOGOUS HOMOLOGOUS Structurally Structurally Functionally Functionally evolution Examples evolution Examples 15
18 THE FIGWORT FAMILY Falsification of theories with one theory being superseded by another Plant families have been reclassified as a result of evidence from cladistics. 16
19 THE FIGWORT FAMILY Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on did not with the of a group or species. eg. or family DNA evidence identified The members of the family were as a result Most Figworts have been reclassified into the closely related Plantain, Lopseed, and Broomrape families. Now all of these families are to, and the remaining genera in the Figwort family lack strong structural between them. Complete relevant practice Qs beginning on Page
20 SAMPLE QUESTIONS EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Q1 Divergent evolution is often seen among species on different islands because: A. island populations are usually smaller and more affected by genetic drift. B. natural selection does not occur on islands. C. when islands are first colonised, many ecological resources are unused, allowing descendants of a colonising species to diversify so descendants have the adaptations that enable them to survive in many different parts of the environment. D. island species experience identical conditions on each of their respective islands Q2 New species arise from a common ancestor when A. populations of the ancestral species become geographically isolated from one another. B. populations of the ancestral species become reproductively isolated from one another. C. both A and B. D. neither A or B. Q3 Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants and other organisms from the past. Organisms are only rarely preserved as fossils, and only a fraction of these fossils have been discovered. The number of species known through the fossil record is less than 5% of the number of known living species. A condition that would favour the fossilisation of an organism is A. possession of soft body parts which are easily compressed under sediment. B. possession of hard body parts. C. slow burial, which reduces damage to remains. D. an environment with strong winds or water current. 18
21 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Q4 Outline the evidence for evolution provided by homologous structures. [6] 19
22 NATURAL SELECTION Q1 Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace proposed a theory of evolution in the late 1850s. One observation made by Darwin that helped formulate the theory was: A. the environment remaining constant during the lifetime of an organism. B. individual organisms losing a trait that was not in use. C. individual organisms evolving in their own lifetime. D. inherited variation existing within a population Q2 Since the introduction of the poisonous cane toad to Australia in 1935, there has been an increase in the ratio of body length to head size in two species of snakes, the Red-bellied Black Snake and the Green Tree Snake. A smaller headed snake cannot consume a large prey item, and so cannot swallow a large cane toad that has sufficient toxin to kill the snake. The rapid evolution of body dimensions in the Red-bellied Black Snake and the Green Tree Snake most likely came about because A. cane toad toxin reduced the head size of the snakes. B. even small cane toads contain enough toxin to kill a long-bodied snake. C. smaller headed snakes are better at catching cane toads than large headed snakes. D. larger headed snakes were killed by the levels of toxin ingested when they ate a large cane toad Q3 Explain how natural selection can lead to evolution using antibiotic resistance in bacteria as an example. [9] 20
23 NATURAL SELECTION 21
24 CLASSIFICATION Q1 Ranunculus repens and Hypericum repens both have yellow flowers. Which statement is true? A. They are angiospermophytes. B. They are coniferophytes. C. They are members of the same species. D. They are members of the same genus. Q2 What distinguishes Annelida from Platyhelminthes? A. Platyhelminthes have a segmented body but Annelida do not. B. Platyhelminthes reproduce sexually but Annelida do not. C. Platyhelminthes have radial symmetry but Annelida have bilateral symmetry. D. Annelida have both a mouth and an anus but Platyhelminthes do not. Q3 State an external feature that is different in: c. Cnidaria and Mollusca. [1] d. Mollusca and Annelida. [1] Q4 a. Define the term species. [2] b. List three domains into which living organisms are classified. [1] c. There are seven levels used in the hierarchy of taxa. State which two are used in the binomial system of nomenclature. [1] 22
25 CLADISTICS Q1 a. Outline the evidence provided by DNA for the common ancestry of living organisms. [2] b. The cladogram below shows the classification of species A to D. Deduce how similar species A is to species B, C and D. [2] c. Suggest two reasons for using cladograms for the classification of organisms. [2] 23
26 CLADISTICS Q2 It has been suggested that elephant-like ancestors of the woolly mammoth left Africa 3.5 million years ago (mya) and lived in Central Europe. The chart below shows a summarised phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial and chromosomal DNA from fossils and living elephants. a. Explain how the woolly mammoth M. primigenius probably arose from the woolly mammoth ancestor M. africanavus. [3] b. Suggest how it could be possible for M. primigenius to have arisen so recently (0.2 mya) yet now be extinct, while the Asiatic elephant, E. maximus, has been present for over 6 million years. [2]... 24
Evolution and Biodiversity 5.3- Classification and Biodiversity
Essential idea: Species are named and classified using an internationally agreed system. Evolution and Biodiversity 5.3- Classification and Biodiversity Nature of science: Cooperation and collaboration
More information15.3 Darwin Presents his Case. Biology Mr. Hines
15.3 Darwin Presents his Case Biology Mr. Hines Darwin returned to England with a wealth of new data. He brought many specimens from the Galapagos to further his studies and to present his data to others.
More informationIB Questionbank Biology 1
1. What is evolution? A. A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual B. A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population C. A physical
More informationEvolutionary change. Evolution and Diversity. Two British naturalists, one revolutionary idea. Darwin observed organisms in many environments
Evolutionary change Evolution and Diversity Ch 13 How populations evolve Organisms change over time In baby steps Species (including humans) are descended from other species Two British naturalists, one
More informationCH_15_Evolution.notebook. February 28, Cellular Evolution. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. Endosymbiont Theory. Charles Darwin
Cellular Evolution The first cells were prokaryotic They did not need oxygen (the atmosphere did not contain oxygen until 1.8 billion years ago) Eukaryotic cells were found in the fossil record about 2
More informationWhat is Evolution? Study of how things change over time
10.2 15 Darwin s Theory Observations of Evolution What is Evolution? Study of how things change over time 10.2 15 Darwin s Theory Observations of Evolution Theories of Evolution - Lamarck Jean Baptiste
More informationEVOLUTION. HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time.
EVOLUTION HISTORY: Ideas that shaped the current evolutionary theory. Evolution change in populations over time. James Hutton & Charles Lyell proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took
More informationEVOLUTION change in populations over time
EVOLUTION change in populations over time HISTORY ideas that shaped the current theory James Hutton & Charles Lyell proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long
More informationEVOLUTION change in populations over time
EVOLUTION change in populations over time HISTORY ideas that shaped the current theory James Hutton (1785) proposes that Earth is shaped by geological forces that took place over extremely long periods
More informationAnswers Evolution. Year 10 Science Chapter 3. p39 1 Evolve means to develop gradually.
Answers Evolution Year 10 Science Chapter 3 p39 1 Evolve means to develop gradually. 2 The basic idea of biological evolution is that all species on Earth share a common ancestor. The common ancestor,
More informationEvolution. Darwin s Voyage
Evolution Darwin s Voyage Charles Darwin Explorer on an observation trip to the Galapagos Islands. He set sail on the HMS Beagle in 1858 from England on a 5 year trip. He was a naturalist (a person who
More informationUnit 8: EVOLUTION NOTES
Unit 8: EVOLUTION NOTES Canale LE EVOLUTION is the change in gene frequency in a population over time. Generally, organisms change from simple to more complex, and happens over many generations. **Evolution
More informationFace area (cm 2 ) Brain surface area (cm 2 ) Cranial capacity (cm 3 ) 1, Jaw Angle ( º )
Honors Biology Test : Evolution GOOD LUCK! You ve learned so much! Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. (2 pts each) 1. As we move through the
More informationBoardworks Ltd Evolution
1 of 34 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Evolution 2 of 34 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Life on earth 3 of 34 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Life on earth began approximately 3,500 million years ago. What do you think the earliest life
More informationDarwin s Theory of Evolution Chapter 16
Darwin s Theory of Evolution Chapter 16 Darwin & Natural Selection Darwin s journey Darwin s Observations On his voyage, Darwin read Lyell s book As he visited different places, he began to see evidence
More informationWhat is Evolution? Evolution Unit Vocabulary. Answer: Evidence of Evolution. What is a Gene Pool? Change over time.
What is Evolution? Evolution Unit Vocabulary Practice Quiz Change over time. Evidence of Evolution The gradual development of something, especially from simple to more complex. Can be big or very small
More informationThe Theory of Evolution
Name Date Class CHAPTER 13 DIRECTED READING The Theory of Evolution Section 13-1: The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Darwin Proposed a Mechanism for Evolution Mark each statement below T if it
More information4. Identify one bird that would most likely compete for food with the large tree finch. Support your answer. [1]
Name: Topic 5B 1. A hawk has a genetic trait that gives it much better eyesight than other hawks of the same species in the same area. Explain how this could lead to evolutionary change within this species
More informationTHE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Why evolution matters Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation
More informationTHE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION Name: Period: Date: I. Evolution- A brief overview EVOLUTION IS: 1. 2. Descent with modifications 3. Plants and animals of today are forms of plants and animals of the past 4. Organisms
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
More informationI. Theories of Evolution Evolution: Adaptation: Jean Baptiste de Lamarck: a) Use & Disuse: b) Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics:
I. Theories of Evolution Evolution: Adaptation: Jean Baptiste de Lamarck: a) Use & Disuse: b) Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics: Figure 1: Lamarckian Evolution III. Darwin & Evolution The Voyage
More informationName Date Class. Patterns of Evolution
Concept Mapping Patterns of Evolution Complete the flowchart about patterns of evolution. These terms may be used more than once: adaptive radiation, change in response to each other, convergent evolution,
More informationEvolution and Darwin
Evolution and Darwin Evolution The processes that have transformed life on earth from it s earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today - Darwin Old Theories of Evolution Jean Baptiste
More informationCh. 15 Evolution. p
Ch. 15 Evolution p. 418-441 15.1 Darwin s Theory of Natural Selection p. 418 422 Essential Question Main Idea! Charles Darwin developed a theory of evolution based on natural selection. What was the primary
More informationEvolution & Biodiversity: Origins, Niches, & Adaptation
Evolution & Biodiversity: Origins, Niches, & Adaptation tutorial by Paul Rich Outline 1. Life on Earth prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes; six kingdoms 2. Origins of Life chemical evolution, early life, fossils
More informationof EVOLUTION???????????? states that existing forms of life on earth have arisen from earlier forms over long periods of time.
Evolution The WHAT theory IS of EVOLUTION???????????? states that existing forms of life on earth have arisen from earlier forms over long periods of time. Some of the strongest evidence to support evolution
More informationLesson 1 Syllabus Reference
Lesson 1 Syllabus Reference Outcomes A student Explains how biological understanding has advanced through scientific discoveries, technological developments and the needs of society. Content The theory
More informationHistory of Biological Diversity. Evolution: Darwin s travel
History of Biological Diversity Evolution: Darwin s travel Developing the Theory of Evolution The Galápagos Islands Darwin noticed that the different islands all seemed to have their own, slightly different
More informationNatural Selection. Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace
Natural Selection Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace Darwin s Influences Darwin observed such variations in species on his voyage as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle Darwin s Influences Kept vast diaries
More informationHeritability: Natural Selection: Overproduction:
Name: _ Due Date: _ Per: _ Unit 4.1 Study Guide Directions: Complete all sections to the best of your ability. On the day of the Quiz (the due date for this assignment) turn this in with all of your Unit
More informationLIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS
LIFE SCIENCE CHAPTER 7 FLASHCARDS What did Darwin NOT understand about the process of evolution? A. the slowness of the process B. the role of genetics C. the importance of separation D. the importance
More informationEvolution. Changes over Time
Evolution Changes over Time TEKS Students will analyze and evaluate B. 7 C how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals B. 7 E/F effects of genetic mechanisms and their relationship
More information9.3 Classification. Lesson Objectives. Vocabulary. Introduction. Linnaean Classification
9.3 Classification Lesson Objectives Outline the Linnaean classification, and define binomial nomenclature. Describe phylogenetic classification, and explain how it differs from Linnaean classification.
More informationGAUTENG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SENIOR SECONDARY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME LIFE SCIENCES GRADE 12 SESSION 4 (LEARNER NOTES)
TOPIC 2: THEORIES OF EVOLUTION (PART 1) Learner Note: Evolution is a theory. Evolution is change over time. Diversity is the RESULT of this change over time. If a trait is good, the organism survives and
More informationHSC Biology. Year 2014 Mark Pages 28 Published Jan 12, Biology: Blueprint Of Life Notes. By Leah (97.7 ATAR)
HSC Biology Year 2014 Mark 90.00 Pages 28 Published Jan 12, 2017 Biology: Blueprint Of Life Notes By Leah (97.7 ATAR) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Your notes author, Leah. Leah achieved an ATAR of
More informationOrigin of an idea about origins
Origin of an idea about origins Biological evolution is the process of change during the course of time because of the alteration of the genotype and the transfer of these altered genes to the next generation.
More informationQuazi accurate photo history
Quazi accurate photo history Evolution- change over time Fossils preserved remains Geologic Time earth s history The evidence shows changes in environment changes in species The Theory of Evolution supported
More information#Evolution. Nothing in Biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.
#Evolution Nothing in Biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The Theory of Evolution Change over time. People used to think that species did not change. DARWIN WAS NOT THE PERSON TO COME
More informationEvolution Unit: What is Evolution?
Evolution Unit: What is Evolution? What is The Theory of Evolution? Evolution is, a change (in the genetic composition) of a population over time. on a larger scale, the entire biological history, from
More informationChapter 15 Theory of Evolution
Chapter 15 Theory of Evolution 15-1 History of Evolutionary Thought Evolution- the development of new species form pre-existing species. -change over time. In the 1800 s scientists began to present evidence
More informationGuided Notes: Evolution. is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms
Guided Notes: Evolution The Theory of Evolution is the change in traits through generations over! Occurs in, NOT individual organisms How Have Organisms Changed? At the time life emerged, the Earth was
More informationEvidence of Species Change
Evidence of Species Change Evidence of Evolution What is evolution? Evolution is change over time Scientific theory of evolution explains how living things descended from earlier organisms Evidence of
More information8/23/2014. Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life Chapter 26 Objectives Explain the following characteristics of the Linnaean system of classification: a. binomial nomenclature b. hierarchical classification List the major
More informationScience Unit Learning Summary
Learning Summary Inheritance, variation and evolution Content Sexual and asexual reproduction. Meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. In
More informationChanges Over Time EVOLUTION
Changes Over Time EVOLUTION Charles Darwin The Father of Evolution History Darwin s World (1809-1875) Height of the British colonial period. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution. New Ideas: Taxonomy
More informationPhylogeny 9/8/2014. Evolutionary Relationships. Data Supporting Phylogeny. Chapter 26
Phylogeny Chapter 26 Taxonomy Taxonomy: ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature,
More informationFig. 26.7a. Biodiversity. 1. Course Outline Outcomes Instructors Text Grading. 2. Course Syllabus. Fig. 26.7b Table
Fig. 26.7a Biodiversity 1. Course Outline Outcomes Instructors Text Grading 2. Course Syllabus Fig. 26.7b Table 26.2-1 1 Table 26.2-2 Outline: Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution I. Naming and
More informationDarwin's Theory. Use Target Reading Skills. Darwin's Observations. Changes Over Time Guided Reading and Study
Darwin's Theory This section discusses Charles Darwin and his theories ofevolution, which are based on what he saw during his trip around the world. Use Target Reading Skills In the graphic organizer,
More informationTheory a well supported testable explanation of phenomenon occurring in the natural world.
Evolution Theory of Evolution Theory a well supported testable explanation of phenomenon occurring in the natural world. Evolution the process by which modern organisms changed over time from ancient common
More informationBiology Chapter 15 Evolution Notes
Biology Chapter 15 Evolution Notes Section 1: Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Charles Darwin- English naturalist that studied animals over a number of years before developing the theory
More informationIV. Comparative Anatomy
Whale Evolution: Fossil Record of Evolution Modern toothed whales Rodhocetus kasrani reduced hind limbs could not walk; swam with up-down motion like modern whales Pakicetus attocki lived on land; skull
More informationEVOLUTION. - Selection, Survival, and Drift
EVOLUTION - Selection, Survival, and Drift Evolution Darwin on the HMS Beagle Darwin s role on the ship was as a geologist and companion to the captain. His goal was to collect biological and geological
More informationOutline. Classification of Living Things
Outline Classification of Living Things Chapter 20 Mader: Biology 8th Ed. Taxonomy Binomial System Species Identification Classification Categories Phylogenetic Trees Tracing Phylogeny Cladistic Systematics
More informationMacroevolution Part I: Phylogenies
Macroevolution Part I: Phylogenies Taxonomy Classification originated with Carolus Linnaeus in the 18 th century. Based on structural (outward and inward) similarities Hierarchal scheme, the largest most
More informationChapter 17A. Table of Contents. Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification. Section 2 How Biologists Classify Organisms
Classification of Organisms Table of Contents Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification Classification Section 1 Categories of Biological Classification
More informationBiology 1B Evolution Lecture 2 (February 26, 2010) Natural Selection, Phylogenies
1 Natural Selection (Darwin-Wallace): There are three conditions for natural selection: 1. Variation: Individuals within a population have different characteristics/traits (or phenotypes). 2. Inheritance:
More informationEvolution. Species Changing over time
Evolution Species Changing over time Objectives I can differentiate between natural selection and artificial selection and I can give examples of each. I can explain several reasons for genetic variation
More informationOCR (A) Biology A-level
OCR (A) Biology A-level Topic 4.2: Biodiversity Notes Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms, over time the variety of life on Earth has become more extensive but now it is being threatened by
More informationNatural Selection. Factors for Natural Selection: 1. Variation 2. Heritability 3. Overproduction (Overpopulation) 4. Reproductive Advantage
Natural Selection Variation: Heritability: Overproduction: Reproductive Advantage Driven by Environment Factors for Natural Selection: 1. Variation 2. Heritability 3. Overproduction (Overpopulation) 4.
More informationGene Pool Genetic Drift Geographic Isolation Fitness Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Natural Selection
CONCEPT 1 EVOLUTION 1. Natural Selection a. Major mechanism of change over time Darwin s theory of evolution b. There is variation among phenotypes genetic mutations play a role in increasing variation
More informationDarwin and Evolution. Chapter 17. Mid-Eighteenth Century. History of Evolutionary Thought
Darwin and Evolution Chapter 17 Outline History of Evolutionary Thought Darwin s Theory of Evolution Occurrence of Descent Biogeography Natural Selection and Adaptation The Evidence of Evolution Fossil
More informationChanges through time. Survival of the Fittest
Changes through time Survival of the Fittest Evidence that life has changed and is now changing Fossil Record Fossils are remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past. Fossil Record Fossils are
More informationSPECIATION. REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS PREZYGOTIC: Barriers that prevent fertilization. Habitat isolation Populations can t get together
SPECIATION Origin of new species=speciation -Process by which one species splits into two or more species, accounts for both the unity and diversity of life SPECIES BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT Population or groups
More informationTHE HISTORY OF THE THEORY. Darwin presented that happens and offered an of how it happens. Theory a broad that has been and
Evolution Notes THE HISTORY OF THE THEORY Why is the evolutionary theory associated with Charles Darwin? Darwin presented that happens and offered an of how it happens. o Evolution the process by which
More informationCharles Darwin ( ) Sailed around the world
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Sailed around the world 1831-1836 How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos? Each island had its own type of tortoises and birds that were clearly
More informationWake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 6: Evolution & The Diversity of Life
Wake Acceleration Academy - Biology Note Guide Unit 6: Evolution & The Diversity of Life Extra Resources Website: http://waa-science.weebly.com Module 1: Darwin and Natural Selection Vocabulary Term Charles
More informationVocab. ! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
Vocab! Evolution - change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms! Theory - well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
More informationOrganizing Life s Diversity
17 Organizing Life s Diversity section 2 Modern Classification Classification systems have changed over time as information has increased. What You ll Learn species concepts methods to reveal phylogeny
More informationREVIEW 6: EVOLUTION. 1. Define evolution: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly).
Name: REVIEW 6: EVOLUTION 1. Define evolution: 2. Modern Theory of Evolution: a. Charles Darwin: Was not the first to think of evolution, but he did figure out how it works (mostly). However, Darwin didn
More informationUNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 10: Principles of Evolution. I. Early Ideas about Evolution (10.1) A. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution
UNIT IV Chapter 10 Principles of Evolution UNIT 4: EVOLUTION Chapter 10: Principles of Evolution I. Early Ideas about Evolution (10.1) A. Early scientists proposed ideas about evolution 1. Evolution- process
More informationName Date Class CHAPTER 15. In your textbook, read about developing the theory of natural selection. For each statement below, write true or false.
Name Date Class Study Guide CHAPTER 15 Section 1: Darwin s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection In your textbook, read about developing the theory of natural selection. For each statement below, write
More informationChapter 7. Evolution and the Fossil Record
Chapter 7 Evolution and the Fossil Record 1 Guiding Questions What lines of evidence convinced Charles Darwin that organic evolution produced the species of the modern world? What are the two components
More informationChapter 1: Biology Today
General Biology Chapter 1: Biology Today Introduction Dr. Jeffrey P. Thompson Text: Essential Biology Biology Is All Around US! What is Biology? The study of life bio- meaning life; -ology meaning study
More information15-3 Darwin Presents His Case Slide 2 of 41
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case 2 of 41 Publication of On the Origin of Species Publication of On the Origin of Species Darwin filled notebooks with his ideas about species diversity and the evolution process.
More informationWhat is the purpose of the Classifying System? To allow the accurate identification of a particular organism
What is the purpose of the Classifying System? To allow the accurate identification of a particular organism Taxonomy The practice of classifying organisms -Taxonomy was founded nearly 300 years ago by
More informationEvolution. Species Changing over time
Evolution Species Changing over time Charles Darwin Evolution by Means of Natural Selection Reasons for Change Mutation A mutation could cause parents with genes for bright green coloration to have offspring
More informationBiology. Evolution: History & Process
Biology Evolution: History & Process Terms: A species is a group of organisms, or population, that can be interbreed & produce fertile offspring. Variations are the differences found within species. Ex:
More information19. When allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
CP Biology: Evolution Name: Per: Directions: Use your textbook to help you answer the practice questions for each chapter. It is important that you READ the chapter sections and not just search for the
More informationEvolution and Natural Selection (16-18)
Evolution and Natural Selection (16-18) 3 Key Observations of Life: 1) Shared Characteristics of Life (Unity) 2) Rich Diversity of Life 3) Organisms are Adapted to their Environment These observations
More informationGuided Questions. Who first suggested evolution? Who first suggested creationism? What did humans evolve from?
Guided Questions Who first suggested evolution? Who first suggested creationism? What did humans evolve from? Evolution The Darwinian View of Life The Importance of Evolution This is the most important
More information2. What is artificial selection? A. the process by which humans breed organisms for certain characteristics
Unit 7 Fossils 1. One day while hiking, Maria found a rock in the wall of a canyon. In the rock, she noticed an impression of a leaf. Which answer best describes what Maria has found? A. DNA B. fossil
More informationEvidence of Evolution
16.4 Evidence for Evolution Biogeography Biogeography - study of where organisms live, where they and ancestors lived. Two significant patterns: - closely related species separate in different climates.
More informationCh. 15: Evolution - change in a species or the formation of new species over time
Ch. 15: Evolution - change in a species or the formation of new species over time 15.1 Darwin Early Beliefs All species permanent and unchanging Earth only a few thousand years old religion Beliefs based
More informationKingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Species
5.5 - Classification 5.5.1 - Outline the binomial system of nomenclature In this system, each species has two names - a noun and an adjective. The first is the genus, which starts with an upper case letter,
More informationEvolution Notes Darwin and His Ideas
Evolution Notes Darwin and His Ideas Charles Darwin Charles Darwin was born in 1809 (on the same day as Abraham Lincoln) In Darwin s day, scientists were just starting to come around to the idea the Earth
More informationA population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d.
A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring is a(n) a. evolved population b. adaptive radiation c. niche d. species A population of organisms that can interbreed to produce
More informationBecame ship s naturalist on the, and sailed around the world from
1 Bio 1101 Lecture 10 (Guided Notes) Chapter 13: How Populations Evolve 2 3 4 5 6 Evolution : developed the theory of Evolution by As a young man, Charles studied medicine ( long stupid lectures And surgery??
More informationLife Science Chapter 7- Changes Over Time. Section 1- Darwin s Theory
Life Science Chapter 7- Changes Over Time Section 1- Darwin s Theory Pg 29 Topic: Darwin s Theory EQ: How did what Darwin observed on his voyage lead to his proposal of natural selection being the mechanism
More informationEvolution Review. 1. Which evolutionary concept is best illustrated by the cartoon below?
Evolution Review 1. Which evolutionary concept is best illustrated by the cartoon below? 3. The diagram below shows the evolutionary relationships between several groups of organisms. 1) production of
More informationUnit B1, B1.8. Evolution (2) (Total 4 marks)
Evolution 1. Giraffes feed on the leaves of trees and other plants in areas of Africa. Lamarck explained the evolution of the long neck of the giraffe in terms of the animals stretching their necks to
More informationEvolution: change in the hereditary
Mechanisms of Evolution Evolution: change in the hereditary features of species over time. Species: a group of organisms that successfully reproduce among themselves. There are two kinds of evolution:
More informationNOTES Ch 17: Genes and. Variation
NOTES Ch 17: Genes and Vocabulary Fitness Genetic Drift Punctuated Equilibrium Gene flow Adaptive radiation Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Gradualism Variation 17.1 Genes & Variation Darwin developed
More informationIntroduction to Evolution
Introduction to Evolution What is evolution? A basic definition of evolution evolution can be precisely defined as any change in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool from one generation to the
More informationThe Tree of Life. Chapter 17
The Tree of Life Chapter 17 1 17.1 Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms 2000 years ago Aristotle Grouped plants and animals Based on structural similarities Greeks and Romans included
More informationChapter 19: Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny
Chapter 19: Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny AP Curriculum Alignment Chapter 19 expands on the topics of phylogenies and cladograms, which are important to Big Idea 1. In order for students to understand
More informationCopyright 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved.
Copyright 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. AP Biology Unity and Diversity Blizzard Bag 2014-20151. The sawfish, also known as the carpenter shark, lives in estuaries off the coast of Australia. A scientist
More informationEvidence for Evolution
Evidence for Evolution Evolution Biological evolution is descent with modification. It is important to remember that: Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees. Humans and chimpanzees are evolutionary cousins
More informationEvolution Test Review
Name Evolution Test Review Period 1) A group of interbreeding organisms (a species) living in a given area is called population 2) Give an example of a species. Ex. One wolf Give an example of a population.
More informatione.g. population: 500, two alleles: Red (R) and White (r). Total: 1000 genes for flower color in the population
The Evolution of Populations What is Evolution? A change over time in the genetic composition of a population Human evolution The gene pool Is the total aggregate of genes for a particular trait in a population
More information