Unit 8 Review. Ecology

Transcription

1 Unit 8 Review Ecology Initial questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will be followed by an explanation All questions will be asked a second time at the very end, each of those questions will be worth 2 points.

2 All of the following are density dependent factors that limit animal populations EXCEPT A. weather B. predation C. birthrate D. food competition E. mortality

3 All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator prey prey relationships are correct EXCEPT: (A) A rise in the population lti of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators. (B) A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decrease in the population of prey. (C) Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey. (D) The production of large numbers of offspring within very short periods of time ensures the survival of some prey populations. (E) The population of predators most often eliminates the population p of prey.

4 Competition for food would probably be most severe between two A. closely related species in different niches B. closely related species in similar niches C. unrelated species in different communities D. unrelated species in the same community occupying different niches E. ecological equivalents in different niches

5 Population Density A habitat can support a limited amount of organisms, called a carrying capacity Biotic and Abiotic factors affect carrying capacity Common bioticfactors andpredation predation, and competition Organisms can avoid competition by occupying different niches. Density dependant factors affect a population more the greater the density Density y independent factors affect a population p equally regardless of density

6 Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem A. they eat only plants B. they are eaten by primary consumers C. they are smaller and weaker than are primary consumers D. they are fewer in number than are primary consumers E. they contain the greatest total biomass in thesystem

7 Which of the following organisms is most likely to be located at the apex of the pyramid of biomass? A. Grass B. Grasshoppers C. Snake D. Mouse E. Hawk

8 Energy Distribution The largest amount of energy and biomass in an ecosystem is located on the lowest level (primary producers) The largest amount of biomass is called the dominant species in an ecosystem About 10% of the energy of the previous trophic level is available to the next. Secondary production is the amount of consumed energy used to create new biomass. Energy flows through an ecosystem, it does not cycle.

9 During the carbon cycle, which of the following carbon compounds would be utilized as an energy source by heterotrophs? A. calcium carbonate B. carbonic acid C. organic molecules D. carbon dioxide E. carbon monoxide

10 Chemical Cycles Chemicals must cycle through ecosystems. Most important chemical cycles: Water, Carbon, Nitrogen

11 Which biome is characterized by: Permafrost; temperatures range from approximately 50 C to +25 C; a growing season of 60 days or less. A. Tropical rain forest B. Taiga C. Arctic tundra D. Temperate grassland E. Desert

12 Which biome is characterized by: Over 10 inches of precipitation per year; long, cold winters and short summers; dominant vegetation is evergreen trees. A. Tropical rain forest B. Taiga C. Arctic tundra D. Temperate grassland E. Desert

13 Which biome is characterized by: Less than 10 inches of precipitation per year; extremes of hot and cold throughout the year; large daily temperature variations A. Tropical rain forest B. Taiga C. Arctic tundra D. Temperate grassland E. Desert

14 Biomes 4 seasons: Temperate Deciduous Forest, Temperate Grassland. Low rain, large temp differences: Desert Low temp, permafrost: Tundra Frequent fires: Chaparral High rain: Tropical Rain Forest

15 Toads in a particular population vary in size. A scientist observes that in this population, largemales mate with females significantly more often than small males do. All the following are plausible hypotheses to explain this observation EXCEPT: (A) Females select large males more often than they select small males as mates. (B) Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with ihlarge males. (C) Large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are. (D) Large males occupy more breeding territory than small males do. (E) The calls produced by large males are more attractive to females than the calls made by small males.

16 Which of the following behaviors involves the LEAST learning? (A) A lion capturing its prey (B) A newborn human grasping something placed in its hand (C) A mouse finding food in the kitchen of a house (D) A mockingbird singing i the song of a different species (E) A chimpanzee finding its way through a forest

17 Which of the following types of chemicals released into the air by female gypsy moths and female silk moths attract males of their respective moth species? (A) Ecdysones (B) Pheromones (C) Auxins (D) Phytotoxins (E) Neurotransmitters

18 Behavior Innate Behaviors Behaviors known at birth hardwired d into genes Taxis/Kenesis Reflex Learned Behaviors Behaviors based on past experience Imprinting Classical/Operant Conditioning Cognitiong

19 Review Quiz! Answer values are doubled lets see how you do.

20 Which of the following is true about secondary consumers in an ecosystem A. they eat only plants B. they are eaten by primary consumers C. they are smaller and weaker than are primary consumers D. they are fewer in number than are primary consumers E. they contain the greatest total biomass in thesystem

21 Which of the following organisms is most likely to be located at the apex of the pyramid of biomass? A. Grass B. Grasshoppers C. Snake D. Mouse E. Hawk

22 During the carbon cycle, which of the following carbon compounds would be utilized as an energy source by heterotrophs? A. calcium carbonate B. carbonic acid C. organic molecules D. carbon dioxide E. carbon monoxide

23 Competition for food would probably be most severe between two A. closely related species in different niches B. closely related species in similar niches C. unrelated species in different communities D. unrelated species in the same community occupying different niches E. ecological equivalents in different niches

24 Which biome is characterized by: Over 10 inches of precipitation per year; long, cold winters and short summers; dominant vegetation is evergreen trees. A. Tropical rain forest B. Taiga C. Arctic tundra D. Temperate grassland E. Desert

25 Toads in a particular population vary in size. A scientist observes that in this population, largemales mate with females significantly more often than small males do. All the following are plausible hypotheses to explain this observation EXCEPT: (A) Females select large males more often than they select small males as mates. (B) Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with ihlarge males. (C) Large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are. (D) Large males occupy more breeding territory than small males do. (E) The calls produced by large males are more attractive to females than the calls made by small males.

26 Which biome is characterized by: Permafrost; temperatures range from approximately 50" C to +25 C; a growing season of 60 days or less. A. Tropical rain forest B. Taiga C. Arctic tundra D. Temperate grassland E. Desert

27 Which biome is characterized by: Less than 10 inches of precipitation per year; extremes of hot and cold throughout the year; large daily temperature variations A. Tropical rain forest B. Taiga C. Arctic tundra D. Temperate grassland E. Desert

28 Which of the following behaviors involves the LEAST learning? (A) A lion capturing its prey (B) A newborn human grasping something placed in its hand (C) A mouse finding food in the kitchen of a house (D) A mockingbird singing i the song of a different species (E) A chimpanzee finding its way through a forest

29 Which of the following types of chemicals released into the air by female gypsy moths and female silk moths attract males of their respective moth species? (A) Ecdysones (B) Pheromones (C) Auxins (D) Phytotoxins (E) Neurotransmitters

30 All of the following are density dependent factors that limit animal populations EXCEPT A. weather B. predation C. birthrate D. food competition E. mortality

31 All of the following statements concerning characteristics of predator prey prey relationships are correct EXCEPT: (A) A rise in the population lti of prey is often followed by a rise in the population of predators. (B) A rise in the population of predators is followed by a decrease in the population of prey. (C) Camouflage is an adaptation that protects prey. (D) The production of large numbers of offspring within very short periods of time ensures the survival of some prey populations. (E) The population of predators most often eliminates the population p of prey.