Cell Theory. All living things are made of one or more cells The cell is the smallest unit of life All new cells come from preexisting cells
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1 Created by Mrs. Herman Sept. 2012
2 Cell Theory All living things are made of one or more cells The cell is the smallest unit of life All new cells come from preexisting cells
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4 Animal Cells Plant Cells
5 The Parts (Organelles) of the Cell
6 Organelle: Cell Membrane A flexible covering that protects the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment. These are found in BOTH plant and animal cells.
7 Organelle: Cell Wall Only in plant cells A stiff structure outside the cell membrane Adds support to the cell and helps the plant keep its shape.
8 Organelle: Cytoplasm A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules.
9 What is a mitochondria? The power plant of the cell. They break down food molecules so that the cell has energy to live. What are chloroplasts? Only in plants, they use light to make food (glucose) from water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide(co₂) during photosynthesis.
10 Bubbles that float in the cell that store food, water and waste materials. What are Vacuoles?
11 Organelle: Nucleus Directs cell activities and contains the DNA. What is DNA? DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is an organism s genetic material.
12 Cells come in many shapes
13 Photosynthesis A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen. Occurs in the chloroplasts of a plant cell Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, a chemical that absorbs and reflects light. Leaves appear green because the chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs all the other colors of light.
14 Photosynthesis 6CO₂ + 6H₂O Light energy Chlorophyll C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ C=Carbon O=oxygen H=hydrogen CO₂ = carbon dioxide H₂O = water C₆H₁₂O₆ = sugar/glucose
15 Cellular Respiration A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in the chemical bonds in food molecules into a useable form of energy that cells can use called ATP. Cellular Respiration takes place in the mitochondrion of the cells in ALL (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, etc.) living things.
16 Cellular Respiration- ATP All living organisms require energy (usable power) to survive. ATP= (adenosine triphosphate) ATP is the energy used for all cellular processes (everything the every cell does) Example: muscle contraction uses 2 million ATP molecules per second. Without ATP we would die.
17 Cellular Respiration C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (glucose) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP (energy)
18 DNA and Cell Cycle
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20 DNA and Chromosomes DNA is in the nucleus of every living thing. A Chromosome is coiled DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes.
21 Chromosomes in living things Black Mulberry Plants 308 Agrodiaetus butterfly Animals 268
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23 Cell Cycle Cells are damaged, lost or die all the time. New cells must be created to replace them. Cells make complete copies of themselves including an exact copy of their DNA. The steps that cells go through are called the Cell Cycle and each step is a phase.
24 New daughter cell
25 Interphase This is the normal state of a cell or the resting state.
26
27 What is Mitosis? A cell and its nucleus divide and produce two identical cells. This process is important for growth, to repair or replace damaged tissue. The two daughter cells have the same genetic information (DNA) as the original cell.
28 The phases of mitosis
29 Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is when chromosomes from two different cells combine, producing offspring. egg zygot e sper m
30 What is Meiosis Meiosis is the type of cell division by which gametes (eggs or sperm) are formed. Two divisions result in 4 different daughter cells that have half of the total number of chromosomes (23). When an egg and sperm combine during fertilization, the embryo will have the normal amount of chromosomes (46).
31 Meiosis
32 Comparing the two types of cell division
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