Plant Systematics and Plant/Pollinator Interactions. Jacob Landis

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Plant Systematics and Plant/Pollinator Interactions. Jacob Landis"

Transcription

1 Plant Systematics and Plant/Pollinator Interactions Jacob Landis

2 Why study plants Important for food Clothing Drugs

3 Bryophytes Lycophytes,Monilophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts BASIC PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS Ferns and allies Conifers Flowering Plants Charaphytes Chlorophytes Seeds flowers Secondary growth Vascular system Dominant sporophyte Embryo Terrestrial Aquatic

4 Flower Diversity

5 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function 1 1. Sepals 1. Protection

6 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function 2 2. Petals 1 2. Pollinator attraction 1. Sepals 1. Protection

7 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function Stamens 2. Petals 1 3. Male gametes 2. Pollinator attraction 1. Sepals 1. Protection

8 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function 4. Carpels Female gametes 3. Stamens 3. Male gametes 2. Petals 1 2. Pollinator attraction 1. Sepals 1. Protection

9 Research options Plant systematics relationships among plants Flower Evo-Devo how flowers develop, within or between species Plant/pollinator interactions why does the flower look the way it does to attract its pollinator, and how did it get that way

10 Goal Adaptation Overarching goal is to link genetic changes to observable adaptations (specific pollinators) Genetics Phenotype

11 Phylogenetics Shows relationships between organisms Important in understanding why plants are the way they are

12 Phylogenetics continued Conducted with either morphological or molecular data historically morphology predominately molecular now You will get hands on practice with both methods compare which method is easy, more repeatable

13 POLLINATION MECHANISMS Abiotic Pollination Wind (anemophily) Water (hydrophily) Biotic Pollination Invertebrate Vertebrate

14 FLORAL ADAPTATIONS FOR POLLINATION Rewards Pollen Nectar Oil and other substances Protection Breeding area Sexual attraction (pheromones) Floral Cues Color Shape Size Scent Efficiency Shape Position Distance Pollen-stigma

15

16 BEE POLLINATION SYNDROME Two types: Showy, open, bowl-shaped Showy, complicated, zygomorphic (specialized) All be flowers tend to be yellow, blue, or purple UV nectar guides Sweetly scented Nectar and/or pollen

17

18 BUTTERFLY POLLINATION SYNDROME Large and showy flowers with landing platform Or large clumps of smaller flowers Bright red, pink or lavender Long, narrow tubular flowers Fresh, weak scent Nectar only

19 BIRD POLLINATION SYNDROME Large, showy flowers Red and tubular Exserted stamens/stigma Produce a lot of nectar Usually lack scent

20 If someone asks you the following question: What pollinates the flower you selected? Butterfly Bee Moth Hummingbird

21 Science and CSI

22 Comparison to CSI

23 Comparison to CSI

24 Goal for today Start comparing flowers and their morphology Extract DNA Run PCR Summary and prepare for Wednesday

25 The Plants 12 in total Different types of pollinators Hummingbird Bee Butterfly

26 Hummingbird Pollinated Maltese Cross Cardinal Climber Petunia

27 Bee Snapdragon California Poppy Empress of India Blue Daze

28 Butterfly Pentas Lantana Vinca

29 Unknown Blue Flax Nicotiana

30 Thinking about flowers

31 Hands on Techniques Any ideas why we would do the molecular techniques we will be learning today: extracting DNA and doing a PCR?

32 Hands on Techniques Any ideas why we would do the molecular techniques we will be learning today: extracting DNA and doing a PCR? Think about examples from popular TV shows, such as CSI?

33 CSI and who is the victim Xjw4

34 DNA extractions Label tubes Take hole punch of leaf material Extraction solution Cook at 95 C for 10 minutes Dilution solution

35 Follow protocol on hand outs to extract DNA from the four plants at your table - Collection tubes - Extraction buffer - Dilution buffer

36 Now what do we do? We isolated DNA from the plant material into a solution form. Will this tell us what species the plant is, just like we found out the victim s identity?

37 Now what do we do? We isolated DNA from the plant material into a solution form. Will this tell us what species the plant is, just like we found out the victim s identity? Not quite yet Additional step needed

38 PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplify small section of DNA, makes many many copies Will use common markers

39 How PCR works Polymerase Forward Primer A T G C T A C G C A T Melting Annealing Extending Reverse Primer

40 Increase in product

41 Why do PCR?

42 Your turn to do a PCR

43 Your turn to do a PCR Not in Master Mix

44 Extract DNA? Why did we do this? Summary

45 Extract DNA? Why did we do this? PCR Summary How does this work and why is it necessary?

46 Extract DNA? Why did we do this? PCR Summary How does this work and why is it necessary? Flowers If you look at a flower, do you start getting ideas of what may pollinate it?

47 Goal for Wednesday Run PCR product on gels Talk about how we get sequence data Construct morphological phylogeny Construct molecular phylogeny Compare trees and the evolution of pollination syndromes

48 Any Questions?

Gels and Trees. Jacob Landis

Gels and Trees. Jacob Landis Gels and Trees Jacob Landis Recap from Monday Pollination syndromes certain flower traits associated with unique kinds of pollinators DNA extractions leaf punch for material, Extraction buffer to get DNA

More information

Announcements. Lab Quiz #1 on Monday: (30pts) conifers + cones, vegetative morphology. Study: Display case outside HCK 132 with labeled conifers

Announcements. Lab Quiz #1 on Monday: (30pts) conifers + cones, vegetative morphology. Study: Display case outside HCK 132 with labeled conifers Announcements Lab Quiz #1 on Monday: (30pts) conifers + cones, vegetative morphology Study: Display case outside HCK 132 with labeled conifers Movie: Sexual Encounters of the Floral Kind Intro to Keying/Greenhouse

More information

AP Biology. Evolution of Land Plants. Kingdom: Plants. Plant Diversity. Animal vs. Plant life cycle. Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts

AP Biology. Evolution of Land Plants. Kingdom: Plants. Plant Diversity. Animal vs. Plant life cycle. Bryophytes: mosses & liverworts Kingdom: Plants Domain Eukarya Domain Domain Domain Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya 2007-2008 Common ancestor Evolution of Land Plants 500 mya land plants evolved special adaptations for life on dry land protection

More information

Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #16 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants

Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #16 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #16 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants BE SURE TO CAREFULLY READ THE INTRODUCTION PRIOR TO ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS!!! You will need to refer to your text book to answer

More information

Kingdom: Plantae. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Domain Bacteria. Common ancestor

Kingdom: Plantae. Domain Archaea. Domain Eukarya. Domain Bacteria. Common ancestor Kingdom: Plantae Domain Eukarya Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor The First Plants For more than 3 billion years, Earth s terrestrial surface was lifeless life evolved in the

More information

Plant Growth & Reproduction

Plant Growth & Reproduction Water loss (ml) Water loss (ml) Water loss (ml) Water loss (ml) 4/24/2014 Plant Growth & Reproduction BI 103 Plant-Animal Systems Turn in Homework #1 Lab Wed! (schedule change) 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 no wind

More information

Root cross-section (Ranunculus)

Root cross-section (Ranunculus) Plant Lab Review Root cross-section (Ranunculus) Epidermis Cortex Vascular Cylinder Phloem Endodermis Xylem Ranunculus Root Cross section Give three functions of the root Anchor plant Absorb water and

More information

Ch. 4- Plants. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION And Taxonomy

Ch. 4- Plants. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION And Taxonomy Ch. 4- Plants STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION And Taxonomy Plants belong to the kingdom: Plantae PLANTS AND PLANT REPRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION And Classification Two types of seed plants are gymnosperms

More information

Name Section Lab 4 Flowers, Pollination and Fruit

Name Section Lab 4 Flowers, Pollination and Fruit Name Section Lab 4 Flowers, Pollination and Fruit Flowers are designed on plants for sexual reproduction. They contain organs that produce gametes (sex cells), which, after fertilization, lead to the formation

More information

Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants

Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants 1. Overview of seed plant evolution Figure 38.2 Simplified overview of angiosperm life cycle 2. Traits of flowering plants 3. The angiosperm life cycle

More information

What is a Plant? Plant Life Cycle. What did they evolve from? Original Habitat 1/15/2018. Plant Life Cycle Alternation of Generations

What is a Plant? Plant Life Cycle. What did they evolve from? Original Habitat 1/15/2018. Plant Life Cycle Alternation of Generations What is a Plant? Multicellular Eukaryotic Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Has cell walls containing cellulose Lack mobility (sessile) Display Alternation of Generations in their life cycle Introduction to

More information

BIO10 Plant Lecture Notes ch. 17. Plant Kingdom

BIO10 Plant Lecture Notes ch. 17. Plant Kingdom Plant Kingdom Characteristics of the Plant Kingdom; eukaryotic, multicellular, sexually reproducing organisms autotroph feed themselves by photosynthesis Facts about members of this kingdom the dominant

More information

Review of flower terminology

Review of flower terminology Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants 1. Overview of seed plant evolution 2. Traits of flowering plants a) Flowers b) Fruits/Seeds c) Monocots vrs. Eudicots 3. The angiosperm life cycle

More information

Lab sect. (TA/time): Botany 113 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/21/00

Lab sect. (TA/time): Botany 113 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/21/00 Name: Lab sect. (TA/time): Botany 113 Spring 2000 First Hourly Exam 4/21/00 1) (15 pts) Match the letter of the characteristics for a plant given on the right with the family on the left. Not all of the

More information

Kingdom Plantae. Biology : A Brief Survey of Plants. Jun 22 7:09 PM

Kingdom Plantae. Biology : A Brief Survey of Plants. Jun 22 7:09 PM Kingdom Plantae Biology 2201 6.1 6.2 : A Brief Survey of Plants The study of plants is called botany. Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae. The main plant (land) characteristics are as

More information

After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: The gametophyte grows as an independent plant.

After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: The gametophyte grows as an independent plant. CHAPTER 12 SECTION 3 Introduction to Plants Seed Plants 7.2.a, 7.5.f California Science Standards BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How are seed

More information

Chapter 24-Flowering Plant and Animal Coevolution

Chapter 24-Flowering Plant and Animal Coevolution Chapter 24-Flowering Plant and Animal Coevolution coevolutionary plant-animal associations alliances that have influenced the evoluton of both partners. These examples show that plants have acquired traits

More information

Plant Diversity & Evolution (Outline)

Plant Diversity & Evolution (Outline) Plant Diversity & Evolution (Outline) Review the Life cycle of Fungi Characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Plantae. Evolution of plants: Challenges and adaptations to living on land Highlights of

More information

Plants Review 1. List the 6 general characteristics of plants. 2. What did plants probably evolve from? 3. What are some advantages for life on land

Plants Review 1. List the 6 general characteristics of plants. 2. What did plants probably evolve from? 3. What are some advantages for life on land Plants Review 1. List the 6 general characteristics of plants. 2. What did plants probably evolve from? 3. What are some advantages for life on land for a plant? 4. What are the 3 main groups of plants?

More information

Ms.Sastry, AP Biology Unit 4/Chp 26 to 34/Diversity 1 Chapter in class follow along lecture notes

Ms.Sastry, AP Biology Unit 4/Chp 26 to 34/Diversity 1 Chapter in class follow along lecture notes Ms.Sastry, AP Biology Unit 4/Chp 26 to 34/Diversity 1 Chapter 26 34 in class follow along lecture notes Chp 26 Origin of life: 1) When did earth form? 2) What is the order of evolution of life forms on

More information

Kingdom Plantae. A Brief Survey of Plants

Kingdom Plantae. A Brief Survey of Plants Kingdom Plantae A Brief Survey of Plants The study of plants is called botany. Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae. The main plant (land) characteristics are as follows: 1. Common cellular

More information

How Does Pollination Work?

How Does Pollination Work? How Does Pollination Work? What is pollination? What is pollination? Pollination the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower Fertilization occurs when the male

More information

Ch. 22: Plant Growth, Reproduction & Response

Ch. 22: Plant Growth, Reproduction & Response Ch. 22: Plant Growth, Reproduction & Response generally reproduce sexually, though many can also reproduce asexually. Some have lost ability to reproduce sexually. All plant lifecycles involve alternation

More information

BIOLOGY 317 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/20/12

BIOLOGY 317 Spring First Hourly Exam 4/20/12 Name: Lab sect. (TA name/time): BIOLOGY 317 Spring 2012 First Hourly Exam 4/20/12 1) (24 pts) Match the letter of the family given on the right with the characteristics for a plant described on the left.

More information

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy of Flowering Plants Dry Lab BIOLOGY Anatomy of Flowering Plants Investigation Manual ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Table of Contents 2 Overview 2 Outcomes 2 Time Requirements 3 Background 6 Safety 6 Materials 7 Activity 1 10

More information

Unit 7: Plant Evolution, Structure and Function

Unit 7: Plant Evolution, Structure and Function Time: 7 Days (some time spent working over breaks on this topic) and then an exam 16% of the AP Exam is on this material. Topics Covered: Reproduction, growth, and development Structural, physiological,

More information

Unit 2B- The Plants. Plants can be classified according to the presence or absence of vascular tissue.

Unit 2B- The Plants. Plants can be classified according to the presence or absence of vascular tissue. Unit 2B- The Plants Botany is the study of plants. All plants are said to have a common ancestor; (ie.) it is thought that plants have evolved from an ancient group of green algae. Plants and green algae

More information

Kingdom Plantae. Plants or metaphytes are, autotrophic multicellular eukaryotes, with tissues.

Kingdom Plantae. Plants or metaphytes are, autotrophic multicellular eukaryotes, with tissues. Kingdom Plantae Key words feature bryophytes herbaceous node to release pteridophytes sporangium, leaf (leaves) damp gymnosperms vascular apix cluster angiosperms rhizome sepal shrub tropism fronds calyx

More information

Lesson: Why a Butterfly Garden? Seeking Pollinator Certification for a Butterfly Garden

Lesson: Why a Butterfly Garden? Seeking Pollinator Certification for a Butterfly Garden Lesson: Why a Butterfly Garden? Seeking Pollinator Certification for a Butterfly Garden What is the primary threat to most endangered species? Why is our butterfly and pollinator population declining?

More information

Plant Structure Size General Observations

Plant Structure Size General Observations Kingdom Plantae Plant Structure Size General Observations Diversity Within the Plant Kingdom Pine Trees What is a plant? Multicellular Eukaryotes Perform Photosynthesis (base of all terrestrial food chains)

More information

Name Class Date. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.

Name Class Date. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank. pistil rhizoid vascular plant rhizome xylem phloem pollen stamen

More information

FLOWERS AND POLLINATION. This activity introduces the relationship between flower structures and pollination.

FLOWERS AND POLLINATION. This activity introduces the relationship between flower structures and pollination. FLOWERS AND POLLINATION This activity introduces the relationship between flower structures and pollination. Objectives for Exam #1 1. Identify flower structures and match those structures to specific

More information

KINGDOM PLANTAE I. General II. Responses A. Tropisms - plant to a stimulus 1. - grows the stimulus 2. - grows the stimulus 3.

KINGDOM PLANTAE I. General II. Responses A. Tropisms - plant to a stimulus 1. - grows the stimulus 2. - grows the stimulus 3. KINGDOM PLANTAE I. General - - - - II. Responses A. Tropisms - plant to a stimulus 1. - grows the stimulus 2. - grows the stimulus 3. - growth response 4. - growth response 5. - growth response 6. / -

More information

Coevolution and Pollination

Coevolution and Pollination Coevolution and Pollination Coevolution is the the mutual evolutionary influence between two species (the evolution of two species totally dependent on each other). Each of the species involved exerts

More information

Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) Inside ovary: Structures called ovules.. Meiosis occurs in these, producing four haploid female spores. Three of these disintegrate. The fourth

More information

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES BSC(HONS) BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION 2015/2016 DIVERSITY OF LIFE MODULE NO: BIO4003

UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES BSC(HONS) BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION 2015/2016 DIVERSITY OF LIFE MODULE NO: BIO4003 [LH4] UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON SCHOOL OF SPORT AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES BSC(HONS) BIOLOGY SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION 2015/2016 DIVERSITY OF LIFE MODULE NO: BIO4003 Date: Friday 15 January 2016 Time: 10.00 am

More information

Maximizing productivity of wheat and barley under dry-land systems HYBRIDIZATION. Faddel Ismail NCARE June,

Maximizing productivity of wheat and barley under dry-land systems HYBRIDIZATION. Faddel Ismail NCARE June, Maximizing productivity of wheat and barley under dry-land systems HYBRIDIZATION Faddel Ismail NCARE June, 8-10 2015 Hybridization Hybridization is the process of crossing two genetically different individuals

More information

Nonvascular plants Vascular plants Spore Gymnosperm Angiosperm Germinate. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Nonvascular plants Vascular plants Spore Gymnosperm Angiosperm Germinate. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Nonvascular plants Vascular plants Spore Gymnosperm Angiosperm Germinate Tubes for Transport Warm Up 1 Tubes for Transport Nonvascular plants are simple plants that lack vascular tissue, which easily transports

More information

Welcome and I m so glad to see you guys today. Thank you for inviting me. I m sorry to use this title but don t you think Propagation is kind of

Welcome and I m so glad to see you guys today. Thank you for inviting me. I m sorry to use this title but don t you think Propagation is kind of Welcome and I m so glad to see you guys today. Thank you for inviting me. I m sorry to use this title but don t you think Propagation is kind of boring? And truly, when we are talking about propagation

More information

The Basics: Grade Level 5 th - 8th. Subject Areas Life sciences. Duration 95 minutes. Number of Docents Needed 2. Wetland Stewards Program Lesson 8 1

The Basics: Grade Level 5 th - 8th. Subject Areas Life sciences. Duration 95 minutes. Number of Docents Needed 2. Wetland Stewards Program Lesson 8 1 Grade Level 5 th - 8th The Basics: POLLINATORS AND WILDFLOWERS Summary Students will understand that plants depend on pollinators to reproduce and maintain their populations. They learn about wetland plant

More information

Plants Notes. Plant Behavior Phototropism - growing towards light

Plants Notes. Plant Behavior Phototropism - growing towards light Plants Notes Plant Behavior Phototropism - growing towards light Geotropism - roots knowing which direction is down Thigmotropism - a plant's response to touch Ex. a vine wrapping around and climbing a

More information

gene is passed on. The extra gene can be altered and mutated, allowing for mutations and fitness differences in the plants. This can happen in a

gene is passed on. The extra gene can be altered and mutated, allowing for mutations and fitness differences in the plants. This can happen in a Describe the selective pressures which contributed to the radiation of the angiosperms, providing examples of natural selection acting on angiosperm traits today The evolution of a huge diversity and frequency

More information

SCI-4 BNES 4.4 Summative Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions

SCI-4 BNES 4.4 Summative Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions SCI-4 BNES 4.4 Summative Exam not valid for Paper Pencil Test Sessions [Exam ID:1LEHLS 1 Which seed is carried by the wind? A B C D 2 Which section of the plant is the roots? A Section 3 B Section 1 C

More information

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Attracting Pollinators to Your Garden

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Attracting Pollinators to Your Garden U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Attracting Pollinators to Your Garden Why are Pollinators Important? Pollinators are nearly as important as sunlight, soil and water to the reproductive success of over 75%

More information

Plants. and their classi.ication

Plants. and their classi.ication + Plants and their classi.ication +Why are plants important? n Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + water + energy à sugar + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O à C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 n Food (green tea, fruits, seeds, roots,

More information

Pollinator Adaptations

Pollinator Adaptations Adapted from: Life Lab Garden Pollinators unit Pollinator Adaptations Overview: Students will learn about pollinators and their adaptations, and match flowers to the kinds of pollinators they attract.

More information

Directed Reading A. Section: Structures of Seed Plants. is called a. shoots. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. leaves. is called ROOTS. size.

Directed Reading A. Section: Structures of Seed Plants. is called a. shoots. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. leaves. is called ROOTS. size. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Structures of Seed Plants 1. Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals through a plant is called a. shoots. c. phloem. b. xylem. d. leaves. 2. Vascular

More information

BIOL 305L Spring 2018 Laboratory Seven

BIOL 305L Spring 2018 Laboratory Seven Please print Full name clearly: BIOL 305L Spring 2018 Laboratory Seven Flowering and reproduction Introduction Flowers are not simple structures, and the diversity of flower shape, color, and fragrance

More information

Unit 5: Plant Science. Mr. Nagel Meade High School

Unit 5: Plant Science. Mr. Nagel Meade High School Unit 5: Plant Science Mr. Nagel Meade High School Warm Up What significant roles do plants perform on Earth? How do you know? Name two modern issues that could be interrelated with plants. IB Syllabus

More information

b. Leaf: 7. Where are most of the plants carbohydrates made? 8. Where are carbohydrates stored for future use?

b. Leaf: 7. Where are most of the plants carbohydrates made? 8. Where are carbohydrates stored for future use? Plant Structures 1. Circle the three main parts of the plant to the left. 2. What does each part below do for the plant? a. Stem: b. Leaf: c. Root: 3. Where does most photosynthesis occur? 4. Where are

More information

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Structures and Functions of Living Organisms 6.L.1 Understand the structures, processes and behaviors of plants that enable them to survive and reproduce. 6.L.1.1 Summarize the basic structures and functions

More information

Plant Vocabulary. Define

Plant Vocabulary. Define Define Plant Vocabulary 1. Photosynthesis 2. Eukaryotic 3. Monocot 4. Dicot 5. Cotyledon 6. Roots 7. Stems 8. Leaves 9. Xylem 10. Phloem 11. Capillary action 12. Meristem 13. Apical meristem 14. Vascular

More information

Phylum Bryophyta : (Page 169)

Phylum Bryophyta : (Page 169) Kingdom Plantae : Plants... - nonmotile eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic organisms - rigid cell walls built of cellulose - life cycles show alternation of generations...two distinct phases called

More information

Plants. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. 1 Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Plants. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. 1 Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Plants Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. The leaf s cuticle a. stores water. b. reduces evaporation. c. transports water in the leaf. d.

More information

Mutualism: Inter-specific relationship from which both species benefit

Mutualism: Inter-specific relationship from which both species benefit Mutualism Mutualism: Inter-specific relationship from which both species benefit Mutualism Symbiosis: Intimate (generally obligate) inter-specific relationships from which both partners benefit 1 Mutualism

More information

Mutualism. Mutualism. Mutualism. Early plants were probably wind pollinated and insects were predators feeding on spores, pollen or ovules

Mutualism. Mutualism. Mutualism. Early plants were probably wind pollinated and insects were predators feeding on spores, pollen or ovules Mutualism Mutualism: Inter-specific relationship from which both species benefit Mutualism Symbiosis: Intimate (generally obligate) inter-specific relationships from which both partners benefit Mutualism

More information

Plant Anatomy and Life Processes Study Guide

Plant Anatomy and Life Processes Study Guide Plant Anatomy and Life Processes Study Guide Science SOL 4.4 Please use this study guide to study daily for your test! Please keep this study guide in your HOMEWORK FOLDER so that you can use it to study

More information

Objectives. ROGH Docent Program Week 2: Plant Anatomy

Objectives. ROGH Docent Program Week 2: Plant Anatomy Objectives To introduce general botany for subjects on display To provide knowledge of general plant anatomy To provide general understanding of orchid anatomy & biology To introduce concepts of plant-pollinator

More information

A leaf is. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

A leaf is. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy The leaf system A leaf is Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy a plant organ, Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy that s photosynthetic, Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy contains chloroplasts, Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

More information

Chapter 15. Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets. (Opening image copyright Jonathan Lingel, Used under license from Shutterstock.com.

Chapter 15. Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets. (Opening image copyright Jonathan Lingel, Used under license from Shutterstock.com. Chapter 15 Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets (Opening image copyright Jonathan Lingel, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com.) Lesson 15.1: Introduction to the Plant Kingdom Lesson

More information

The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants.

The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants. INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS The Plant Kingdom If you were to walk around a forest, what would you see? Most things that you would probably name are plants. Plants are abundant in almost every environment that

More information

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Biology 8.2 - Sexual Reproduction in Plants Sexual Reproduction in Plants In a plant, the flower is the sexual organ, and it has both male and females parts.

More information

Topic 2: Plants Ch. 16,28

Topic 2: Plants Ch. 16,28 Topic 2: Plants Ch. 16,28 Characteristics of Plants p. 316 1. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms 2. Composed of tissues, organs and organ systems. 3. Cell walls made of cellulose. 4. Store energy as starch.

More information

Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants

Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants Angiosperms: Phylum Anthophyta, the flowering plants 1. Overview of seed plant evolution Figure 29.7 Land plant evolution. 2. Traits of flowering plants a) Flowers b) Pollination syndromes c) Avoiding

More information

I hope you find these Botany Notebook Pages beneficial to your child s study of Exploring Creation with Botany.

I hope you find these Botany Notebook Pages beneficial to your child s study of Exploring Creation with Botany. Dear Teachers and Fellow Homeschoolers, I hope you find these Botany Notebook Pages beneficial to your child s study of Exploring Creation with Botany. These are lined pages that correspond with the notebook

More information

What statement about the protonema is false? What groups of plants have self-propelled spermatozoids?

What statement about the protonema is false? What groups of plants have self-propelled spermatozoids? What statement about the protonema is false? a. It is haploid b. It is photosynthetic c. The spermatophyte develops from it d. It is the product of a germinated spore e. It is a chain of cells that forms

More information

BIOS 5970: Plant-Herbivore Interactions Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences

BIOS 5970: Plant-Herbivore Interactions Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences BIOS 5970: Plant-Herbivore Interactions Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences Week 8. Pollination and fruit dispersal: Lecture summary: Mutualisms between plants and animals: Pollination

More information

All About Plants. What are plants?

All About Plants. What are plants? All About Plants What are plants? Plants are living things that are made up of cells. They need air, water, soil, and sunlight to live. They cannot move from place to place, but their leaves move to catch

More information

Plant Evolution & Diversity

Plant Evolution & Diversity Plant Evolution & Diversity Ancestors of plants were probably charophytes (green algae) Chlorophyll a and b, beta carotene Similar thylakoid arrangements Identical cell walls Starch as a storage carbohydrate

More information

Quick Lab. The Structure of Seeds

Quick Lab. The Structure of Seeds 3 Seed Plants Key Concept Seed plants produce seeds and are categorized as gymnosperms or angiosperms. What You Will Learn Seed plants differ from seedless plants in three main ways. A seed is composed

More information

*Modifications in reproduction were key adaptations enabling plants to spread into a variety of terrestrial habitats.

*Modifications in reproduction were key adaptations enabling plants to spread into a variety of terrestrial habitats. Plant Reproduction *Modifications in reproduction were key adaptations enabling plants to spread into a variety of terrestrial habitats. Reproduction In Plants Plant reproduction is the production of new

More information

Introduction to Plants

Introduction to Plants Introduction to Plants Plants Alive What are the characteristics of plants? All plants are multicellular, which means their bodies are made up of more than one cell. Plants are eukaryotes, which means

More information

All about plants: Overview of Plants

All about plants: Overview of Plants All about plants: Overview of Plants Plants (also called autotrophs or producers) trap energy from the sun by photosynthesis & store it in organic compounds; contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts;

More information

Biology 211 (1) Exam 3 Review! Chapter 31!

Biology 211 (1) Exam 3 Review! Chapter 31! Biology 211 (1) Exam 3 Review Chapter 31 Origin of Land Plants: 1. Fill in the correct amount of years ago the following events occurred. years ago there was a thin coating of cyanobacteri b. years ago

More information

Parts of a Flower. A lesson from the New Jersey Agricultural Society Learning Through Gardening Program

Parts of a Flower. A lesson from the New Jersey Agricultural Society Learning Through Gardening Program Parts of a Flower A lesson from the New Jersey Agricultural Society Learning Through Gardening Program OVERVIEW: Students create a flower with craft materials in order to learn the parts of flowers and

More information

Biology. Chapter 21. Plant Evolution. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015

Biology. Chapter 21. Plant Evolution. Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr. Cengage Learning 2015 Biology Concepts and Applications 9e Starr Evers Starr Chapter 21 Plant Evolution 21.1 How Did Plants Adapt To Life on Land? Plants evolved from green algae, and underwent an adaptive radiation on land

More information

Major lineages and life cycles of land plants. Green plants: viridiplantae

Major lineages and life cycles of land plants. Green plants: viridiplantae Liverworts Mosses Hornworts Lycophytes Major lineages and life cycles of land plants Green plants: viridiplantae Green plants Embryophytes (land plants) Bryophytes Tracheophytes (vascular plants) Seed

More information

1 Mosses and other bryophytes are like ferns in that both bryophytes and ferns exhibit each of the following traits EXCEPT

1 Mosses and other bryophytes are like ferns in that both bryophytes and ferns exhibit each of the following traits EXCEPT Page 1 1 Mosses and other bryophytes are like ferns in that both bryophytes and ferns exhibit each of the following traits EXCEPT A haploid spores. B specialized cells and tissues. C vascular tissue for

More information

Unit 8 Angiosperms Student Guided Notes

Unit 8 Angiosperms Student Guided Notes Unit 8 Angiosperms Student Guided Notes Angiosperms General Characteristics of FloweringPlants All belong to the division Magnoliophyta and. Developing from the flower is. This extremely diverse division

More information

Structures of Seed Plants

Structures of Seed Plants CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4 Introduction to Plants Structures of Seed Plants BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are the functions of roots and stems?

More information

Chapter 30. Plant Diversity II The Seed Plants

Chapter 30. Plant Diversity II The Seed Plants Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II The Seed Plants The rise of the seed plants Recall that our discussions on terrestrial plants up until this point have focused on a transition from the aquatic green algae

More information

6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2

6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 Use this as another study tool to help you narrow the focus of the notes down to the majority of what is going to be on the plant systems unit test. Keep in mind that memorizing just what is in this handout

More information

Plant hormones: a. produced in many parts of the plant b. have many functions

Plant hormones: a. produced in many parts of the plant b. have many functions Plant hormones: a. produced in many parts of the plant b. have many functions Illustrated with 4 plant hormones: Gibberellins Auxin Cytokinins Ethylene Gibberellins Gibberellins illustrate how plant hormones

More information

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms

Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Structures and Functions of Living Organisms Date: 6.L.1 Understand the structures, processes and behaviors of plants that enable them to survive and reproduce. 6.L.1.1 Summarize the basic structures and

More information

ROGH Docent Program Week 4: Orchid Biology.

ROGH Docent Program Week 4: Orchid Biology. Orchid Classification, Structure & Diversity Monocots (one seed leaf) with parallel venation Derived from Lily-relative Fossilized orchid pollen - 76 to 84 million years ago (Late Cretaceous) Allopolyploidy

More information

Diversity of Plants How Plants Colonized the Land

Diversity of Plants How Plants Colonized the Land Chapter 29, 30. Diversity of Plants How Plants Colonized the Land 1 The first plants For more than 3 billion years, Earth s terrestrial surface was lifeless life evolved in the seas 1st photosynthetic

More information

Classification of Plants

Classification of Plants Classification of Plants Plants Aquatic Plants Ex. green algae Similarities between green algae and land plants: A) have chlorophylls a and b B) cellulose cell walls C) store food energy in the form of

More information

4/30/2014. The lives of modern plants and fungi are intertwined We depend on plants and indirectly, fungi for much of our food.

4/30/2014. The lives of modern plants and fungi are intertwined We depend on plants and indirectly, fungi for much of our food. and the Colonization of Land The lives of modern plants and fungi are intertwined We depend on plants and indirectly, fungi for much of our food. Plants are often harmed by fungi. On the other hand, nearly

More information

Types of Plants. Unit 6 Review 5/2/2011. Plants. A. pine B. moss C. corn plant D. bean plant E. liverwort

Types of Plants. Unit 6 Review 5/2/2011. Plants. A. pine B. moss C. corn plant D. bean plant E. liverwort Unit 6 Review Plants Initial questions are worth 1 point each. Each question will be followed by an explanation All questions will be asked a second time at the very end, each of those questions will be

More information

LAB 13 The Plant Kingdom

LAB 13 The Plant Kingdom LAB 13 The Plant Kingdom Overview The importance of plants for life on earth cannot be overstated. Plants along with photosynthetic microbes produce all of the oxygen gas (O 2 ) in our atmosphere. Essentially

More information

Name Date Block. Plant Structures

Name Date Block. Plant Structures Name Date Block What are the Functions of Roots, Stems, and Leaves? Plant Structures Each part of a plant plays an important role in its structure and function. Roots, stems, and leaves are just three

More information

Community Involvement in Research Monitoring Pollinator Populations using Public Participation in Scientific Research

Community Involvement in Research Monitoring Pollinator Populations using Public Participation in Scientific Research Overview Community Involvement in Research Monitoring Pollinator Populations using Public Participation in Scientific Research Public Participation in Scientific Research (PPSR) is a concept adopted by

More information

Zoophilous Pollination. Plant Cost-Benefits. Plant Cost-Benefits. rewards

Zoophilous Pollination. Plant Cost-Benefits. Plant Cost-Benefits. rewards Zoophilous Pollination 1 Plant Cost-Benefits! Animal vs. wind vectors Animals actively seek specific flowers Animals carry pollen farther! Outcrossing possible at lower popn densities! Low wind habitats

More information

Teacher Packs in Experimental Science. Bio Pack 4. Agents of pollination

Teacher Packs in Experimental Science. Bio Pack 4. Agents of pollination Teacher Packs in Experimental Science Bio Pack 4 Agents of pollination Pack contents: A. Teacher s Guide B. Students Guide C. Assessment Student s sheet D. Extensions to experiment E. Useful Links F. Health

More information

Autotrophs/producers- make own energy through

Autotrophs/producers- make own energy through Name Class EXAM Date Unit 11 Plant Kingdom Characteristics of Plants Multicellular- made of cells Eukaryotes- have & membrane bound organelles Cell - made of Autotrophs/producers- make own energy through

More information

Chapter 7 Lesson 3 Seed Reproduc4on

Chapter 7 Lesson 3 Seed Reproduc4on Chapter 7 Lesson 3 Seed Reproduc4on Demonstrate an understanding of sexual reproduc4on in flowering plants Describe various methods of plant pollina4on What You ll Learn Examine the life cycles of typical

More information

Nonvascular Plants mosses, liverworts and hornworts are nonvascular plants. These lack vascular tissue which is a system of tubes that transport

Nonvascular Plants mosses, liverworts and hornworts are nonvascular plants. These lack vascular tissue which is a system of tubes that transport Nonvascular Plants mosses, liverworts and hornworts are nonvascular plants. These lack vascular tissue which is a system of tubes that transport food, water and minerals throughout the plant. Water and

More information

BOTANY, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 6: PLANT PARTS AND FUNCTIONS Part 4 - Flowers and Fruit

BOTANY, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 6: PLANT PARTS AND FUNCTIONS Part 4 - Flowers and Fruit BOTANY, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 6: PLANT PARTS AND FUNCTIONS Part 4 - Flowers and Fruit Script to Narrate the PowerPoint, 06PowerPointFlowers and Fruit.ppt It is not permitted to export

More information

Directed Reading B. Section: Structures of Seed Plants. 1. What moves water and minerals through a plant? a. xylem c. seeds b. phloem d.

Directed Reading B. Section: Structures of Seed Plants. 1. What moves water and minerals through a plant? a. xylem c. seeds b. phloem d. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Structures of Seed Plants 1. What moves water and minerals through a plant? a. xylem c. seeds b. phloem d. rhizomes 2. What moves food to all plant parts? a.

More information

Bio Ch Plants.notebook. April 09, 2015

Bio Ch Plants.notebook. April 09, 2015 1 Plants are vitally important to all life on Earth, especially humans Form the base of the food chain Medicines Clothing Building Materials 2 Plants for Food Cereals - The grass family - Rich in carbohydrates

More information