Plant Systematics and Plant/Pollinator Interactions. Jacob Landis
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1 Plant Systematics and Plant/Pollinator Interactions Jacob Landis
2 Why study plants Important for food Clothing Drugs
3 Bryophytes Lycophytes,Monilophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts BASIC PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS Ferns and allies Conifers Flowering Plants Charaphytes Chlorophytes Seeds flowers Secondary growth Vascular system Dominant sporophyte Embryo Terrestrial Aquatic
4 Flower Diversity
5 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function 1 1. Sepals 1. Protection
6 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function 2 2. Petals 1 2. Pollinator attraction 1. Sepals 1. Protection
7 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function Stamens 2. Petals 1 3. Male gametes 2. Pollinator attraction 1. Sepals 1. Protection
8 Flower Structure Whorl name/number Function 4. Carpels Female gametes 3. Stamens 3. Male gametes 2. Petals 1 2. Pollinator attraction 1. Sepals 1. Protection
9 Research options Plant systematics relationships among plants Flower Evo-Devo how flowers develop, within or between species Plant/pollinator interactions why does the flower look the way it does to attract its pollinator, and how did it get that way
10 Goal Adaptation Overarching goal is to link genetic changes to observable adaptations (specific pollinators) Genetics Phenotype
11 Phylogenetics Shows relationships between organisms Important in understanding why plants are the way they are
12 Phylogenetics continued Conducted with either morphological or molecular data historically morphology predominately molecular now You will get hands on practice with both methods compare which method is easy, more repeatable
13 POLLINATION MECHANISMS Abiotic Pollination Wind (anemophily) Water (hydrophily) Biotic Pollination Invertebrate Vertebrate
14 FLORAL ADAPTATIONS FOR POLLINATION Rewards Pollen Nectar Oil and other substances Protection Breeding area Sexual attraction (pheromones) Floral Cues Color Shape Size Scent Efficiency Shape Position Distance Pollen-stigma
15
16 BEE POLLINATION SYNDROME Two types: Showy, open, bowl-shaped Showy, complicated, zygomorphic (specialized) All be flowers tend to be yellow, blue, or purple UV nectar guides Sweetly scented Nectar and/or pollen
17
18 BUTTERFLY POLLINATION SYNDROME Large and showy flowers with landing platform Or large clumps of smaller flowers Bright red, pink or lavender Long, narrow tubular flowers Fresh, weak scent Nectar only
19 BIRD POLLINATION SYNDROME Large, showy flowers Red and tubular Exserted stamens/stigma Produce a lot of nectar Usually lack scent
20 If someone asks you the following question: What pollinates the flower you selected? Butterfly Bee Moth Hummingbird
21 Science and CSI
22 Comparison to CSI
23 Comparison to CSI
24 Goal for today Start comparing flowers and their morphology Extract DNA Run PCR Summary and prepare for Wednesday
25 The Plants 12 in total Different types of pollinators Hummingbird Bee Butterfly
26 Hummingbird Pollinated Maltese Cross Cardinal Climber Petunia
27 Bee Snapdragon California Poppy Empress of India Blue Daze
28 Butterfly Pentas Lantana Vinca
29 Unknown Blue Flax Nicotiana
30 Thinking about flowers
31 Hands on Techniques Any ideas why we would do the molecular techniques we will be learning today: extracting DNA and doing a PCR?
32 Hands on Techniques Any ideas why we would do the molecular techniques we will be learning today: extracting DNA and doing a PCR? Think about examples from popular TV shows, such as CSI?
33 CSI and who is the victim Xjw4
34 DNA extractions Label tubes Take hole punch of leaf material Extraction solution Cook at 95 C for 10 minutes Dilution solution
35 Follow protocol on hand outs to extract DNA from the four plants at your table - Collection tubes - Extraction buffer - Dilution buffer
36 Now what do we do? We isolated DNA from the plant material into a solution form. Will this tell us what species the plant is, just like we found out the victim s identity?
37 Now what do we do? We isolated DNA from the plant material into a solution form. Will this tell us what species the plant is, just like we found out the victim s identity? Not quite yet Additional step needed
38 PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplify small section of DNA, makes many many copies Will use common markers
39 How PCR works Polymerase Forward Primer A T G C T A C G C A T Melting Annealing Extending Reverse Primer
40 Increase in product
41 Why do PCR?
42 Your turn to do a PCR
43 Your turn to do a PCR Not in Master Mix
44 Extract DNA? Why did we do this? Summary
45 Extract DNA? Why did we do this? PCR Summary How does this work and why is it necessary?
46 Extract DNA? Why did we do this? PCR Summary How does this work and why is it necessary? Flowers If you look at a flower, do you start getting ideas of what may pollinate it?
47 Goal for Wednesday Run PCR product on gels Talk about how we get sequence data Construct morphological phylogeny Construct molecular phylogeny Compare trees and the evolution of pollination syndromes
48 Any Questions?
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