prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

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1 SOL LS.2 1. Complete each statement about the cell theory. *a. All cells come from _other cells. *b. Cells can carry out all of _life s functions. *c. All living things are made of cells. 2. What scientific instrument has led to the development of the cell theory? microscope 3. a. What two things are found only in plant cells? Chloroplasts and cell wall b. What is the function of each of those things? Chloroplasts- absorb sunlight Cell wall- protection 4. What can plant cells do that animal cells can t? Make their own food 5. What process creates reproductive (sex) cells that carry half the genetic material of the parent cell? meiosis *1 cell = 4 haploid cells 6. What process creates new cells for growth and repair through cell division that are identical to the parent cell? mitosis **1 cell = 2 identical diploid cells 7. What are the phases of the cell cycle? Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis 8. Label the steps of mitosis. prophase metaphase anaphase telophase SOL LS.3 1. Groups of cells create? tissues 2. Groups of tissues create? organs 3. Groups of organs create? systems 4. Organ systems working together are called? organisms 5. What is an organism made of one cell called? unicellular 6. What is an organism made of more than one cell called? multicellular 7. What is the passive transport of water molecules across a cell membrane called? osmosis 8. What is the passive transport of substances other than water molecules across a cell membrane called? diffusion 9. What is the ability of the cell membrane to block some substances, but allow others to pass into the cell? Semi-permeability (sometimes also called selective permeability) SOL LS.4 1. *a. What is the hierarchy of living things? Domain è Kingdom è Phylum è Class è Order è Family è Genus è Species *b. How can you remember the orders of classification? Don t kids prefer candies over fancy green salads? 2. What is the name for the scientific system of naming using the genus and species name? Binomial nomenclature 3. *a. What is a group of similar organisms that have the ability to reproduce called (organisms in this classification group have the most characteristics in common)? Species *b. What is the most general level of classification (organisms in this classification group have the fewest characteristics in common) Kingdom (or Domain) 4. What domain contains single-celled organisms that can survive in extreme conditions? Archaea 5. What domain contains the kingdoms of Protista, Fungi, Animals, and Plants? Eukarya 6. What domain is made up of microscopic organisms that recycle nutrients? Bacteria 7. Identify the animal group (phyla). * a. Jellyfish, sea anemones, and Coralsà cnidarians *b. Clams, oysters, scallops, snails, and octopi (most have shells) à mollusks *c. Segmented worms

2 (earthworms, leeches)à annelids *d. flatworm (tapeworm)à Platyhelminthes *e. round worms (heart worms)à Nematodes *f. Insects, spiders, & crustaceans (lobsters and crabs) à Arthropods *g. Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbersà Echinoderms *h. Fish, frogs, snakes, birds, bears, and humansà chordates 8. Identify the plant group (phyla). *a. Grows close to the ground, not true root system, no flowersà mosses *b. Grows close to the ground, true root system, no flowersà ferns *c. Grows tall, true root system, needles and conesà conifers *d. Variable sizes, true root system, flowers, and often fruità flowering plants photosynthesis 8. What cellular process breaks down food molecules and releases energy? Cellular respiration SOL LS.6 1. Identify the cycle and label the processes below- e. a. *a. evaporation *b. condensation *c. precipitation *d. transpiration *e. runoff 2. *a. Identify the cycle below- Carbon Cycle d. b. c. SOL LS.5 1. *a. What is the process where plants create their own food? photosynthesis *b. What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + Sunlight è C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 2. What source of energy is needed for photosynthesis? sunlight 3. What two resources are the reactants during photosynthesis? Water and carbon dioxide 4. What two resources are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose and oxygen 5. What do plants use glucose for? food 6. What chemical in chloroplasts absorbs or traps sunlight? chlorophyll 7. What process is the foundation of virtually all food webs? *b. Animals release _carbon dioxide while plants carry out photosynthesis

3 3. Identify the cycle below- Nitrogen cycle *a. Animals eat plants & other animals *b. Animals and plants die and produce waste products *c. Decomposers recycle nutrients back into soil 4. Identify the following: Grass è Mouse è Snake è Hawk *a. What is the Producer above? grass *b. What is the 1 st Order (primary) mouse *c. What is the 2 nd Order (secondary) snake *d. What is the 3 rd Order (tertiary) hawk 5. What happens to the number of organisms and the amount of energy as you move through a food pyramid or food web from producer to 3 rd order consumer? It decreases SOL LS.7 1. What are the five needs of all animals? Food, Water, Air, Shelter, and Space 2. What term describes animals that are fighting for the same need? Competition 3. What term describes animals working together to meet a need? Cooperation 4. What term describes organisms within a population that have specific jobs to ensure basic needs are met? (Bees and Ants) Social Hierarchy 5. What term describes an organisms need to establish a habitat in order to meet basic needs and obtain resources? Territorial Imperative 6. (True/False) Too much of any of resource (excess nutrients) can be as harmful as too little. True SOL LS.8 1. Identify each as a producer, consumer, or decomposer. *a. A grasshopper is a consumer. *b. Wheat is a _producer. *c. A mushroom is a decomposer_. 2. *a. Contrast a predator and prey. Predator eats prey *b. Give an example of a predator prey relationship. Ex. snake eats mouse 3. Give an example of a producer consumer relationship. Ex. rabbit eats grass 4. Identify each symbiotic relationship. *a. One thing benefits while the other is harmed. (Tick on a Dog) parasitism *b. One thing benefits while the other isn t affected. (Vultures feed on the scrapes left by a Lion) commensalism *c. Both things benefit. (Sharks are cleaned by a smaller fish) mutualism 5. What is an animal s role or job in the ecosystem called? niche SOL LS.9 1. What are the living organisms within a specific area and their physical environment called? Ecosystem 2. What are the three main types of ecosystems? Terrestrial (land), Marine, & freshwater 3. What are the large regions with ecological communities adapted to the climate and other conditions called? biomes 4. *a. What is an abiotic factor? Nonliving factor *b. Give some examples of abiotic factors. Rocks, water, climate, temperature, sunlight 5. *a. What is a biotic factor? Living factor *b. Give some examples of biotic factors. Trees, animals, cells

4 6. What is the warmest biome? 7. What is the coldest biome? 8. Which biome gets the most rain? Rainforest 9. Which biome gets the least rain? 10. In which biome do the animals need to be able to run fast across open spaces? Grassland 11. In which biome do animals and plants need to store water? 12. In which biome do plants have very large leaves? rainforest 13. In which biome is white fur an advantage? 14. In which biome is being able to climb or fly important? Rainforest 15. In which biome would you find trees with needles and cones? Coniferous forest (Taiga) 16. In which biome would you find oak and maple trees? Deciduous forest 17. In which biome are large feet an advantage? 18. Are there more plants or animals in the grassland or rainforest? Why? Rainforest; more rain and stable climate 19. In which biome would you find corn and wheat growing? Grassland SOL LS.10 & LS What terms describes a plant either growing towards or away from light? Phototropism 2. What term describes an animal that lowers its metabolism in order to deal with cold conditions? Hibernation 3. What term describes a plants ability to suspend its metabolism in order to deal with adverse conditions? Dormancy 4. You re a raccoon. What will happen to your population in each case below? * a. If the size of the habitat increases? *b. If the size of the habitat decreases? *c. If the number of wolves (predators) decrease? *d. If the number of wolves (predators) increase? *e. If the food supply decreases? *f. If the food supply increase? *g. If the number of squirrel (competition) increase? *h. If the number of squirrel (competition) decrease? 5. What is the addition of excess nutrients to an ecosystem called? Eutrophication 6. What can permanently alter a community and ecosystem? Major Climate Changes and Catastrophic Disasters 7. (True/False) Actions by humans can have both a positive and negative effect on the health of an ecosystem and the population of a community. True SOL LS Your individual traits are called? genes 2. What contains DNA and all of your individual traits? chromosomes 3. What is your complete genetic code called? DNA 4. What is the shape of DNA? Double helix (spiral staircase) 5. What is the name for the physical expression of traits? phenotypes 6. What is the name for the genetic code for a trait? Genotype 7. What word describes the trait that controls the phenotype (is expressed even if only one copy is inherited)? dominant 8. What word describes the trait that is hidden by the dominant trait (only shows up in the phenotype if two copies are inherited)? recessive 9. What is the name of the chart that shows possible phenotypes and genotypes? Punnett square 10. What are some characteristics you inherited? Eye color, hair color, bone structure 11. Identify some characteristics determined by your environment. Personality, intelligence, language 12. Who is the Father of Genetics?

5 Gregor Mendel 13. Who discovered DNA? Rosalind Franklin 14. Who created the double helix model of DNA? Watson and Crick 15. What is it called when the genetic code is manipulated to obtain a desired product? Genetic Engineering SOL LS What are changes over time in order to survive? adaptations 2. What is the process where animals select mates with traits best suited for survival? Natural selection 3. What are inheritable changes to an organism s genetic code (a change in a gene)? mutation 4. What term describes when a species completely dies out? extinction 5. What does the fossil record, genetic information, distribution of organisms, and similarities among species show? Evidence of evolution