CHAPTER 2: PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS THE PROKARYOTIC CELL...86 THE EUKARYOTE CELL...92

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1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION... 1 THE STORY OF LIFE ON EARTH... 2 LIVING AND NON-LIVING... 7 THE DOMAINS... 9 SIX KINGDOMS: PRESENTATION...14 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIX KINGDOMS...23 SIX KINGDOMS CHART...26 TREE OF LIFE: PRESENTATION...29 TREE OF LIFE: ARCHAEA KINGDOM TREE OF LIFE: BACTERIA KINGDOM TREE OF LIFE: PROTISTA KINGDOM TREE OF LIFE: FUNGUS KINGDOM...49 TREE OF LIFE: PLANT KINGDOM...56 TREE OF LIFE: ANIMAL KINGDOM...65 CHAPTER 2: PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS THE PROKARYOTIC CELL...86 THE EUKARYOTE CELL...92 CHAPTER 3: THE ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA KINGDOMS INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE KEY EXPERIENCE THE ARCHAEA KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Methanogens Phylum Extreme Thermophiles Phylum Extreme Halophiles THE BACTERIA KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Cyanobacteria Phylum Purple and Green Bacteria

2 Phylum Prochlorophytes Phylum Mycoplasma Phylum Spirochaetae Phylum Thiopneutes Phylum Nitrogen Fixing Aerobic Bacteria Phylum Pseudomonads Phylum Omnibacteria Phylum Chemoautotrophic Bacteria Phylum Myxobacteria Phylum Fermenting Bacteria Phylum Aeroendospora Phylum Micrococci Phylum Actinobacteria BACTERIA REPORTS LIFE CYCLES HOW THE BACTERIA SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES CHAPTER 4: PROTISTA KINGDOM INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE KEY EXPERIENCE THE PROTISTA KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Caryoblastea Phylum Sarcodina The Parts of the Amoeba Phylum Actinopoda The Parts of the Radiolarian Phylum Foraminifera Phylum Ciliophora The Parts of the Paramecium

3 Phylum Apicomplexa Phylum Cnidosporidia Phylum Zoomastigina Phylum Chrysophyta Phylum Haptophyta Phylum Dinophyta Phylum Euglenophyta The Parts of the Euglena Phylum Cryptophyta Phylum Xanthophyta Phylum Bacillariophyta Phylum Phaeophyta The Parts of the Brown Algae (Kelp) Phylum Rhodophyta Phylum Gamophyta Phylum Chlorophyta Phylum Labyrinthulomycota Phylum Acrasiomycota Phylum Myxomycota Phylum Oomycota PROTISTA REPORTS LIFE CYCLES HOW THE PROTIST SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES CHAPTER 5: THE FUNGUS KINGDOM INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE KEY EXPERIENCE EXPERIMENTS WITH YEAST THE FUNGUS KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Chytridiomycota Phylum Zygomycota

4 Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota Deuteromycetes Lichens Mycorrhizae FUNGUS REPORTS LIFE CYCLES HOW THE FUNGUS SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES

5 Biology Manual Part 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 6: THE PLANT KINGDOM INTRODUCTION... 2 TIME LINE OF LIFE... 6 KEY EXPERIENCE: THE PLANT...14 THE PLANT CELL...18 INTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOT - LONGITUDINAL SECTION...28 INTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOT - CROSS SECTION INTERNAL PARTS OF THE HERBACEOUS STEM - CROSS SECTION INTERNAL PARTS OF THE WOODY STEM - CROSS SECTION INTERNAL PARTS OF THE LEAF - CROSS SECTION...50 Photosynthesis...56 KEY EXPERIENCE - THE FLOWER...62 INTERNAL PARTS OF THE FLOWER - CROSS SECTION...67 THE PLANT KINGDOM CHART...74 CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH...75 Phylum Hepatophyta...75 Phylum Anthocerophyta Phylum Bryophyta...78 Phylum Psilophyta...81 Phylum Lycophyta...82 Phylum Sphenophyta Phylum Pterophyta...86 Phylum Cycadophyta Phylum Ginkgophyta...92 Phylum Coniferophyta...93 Phylum Gnetophyta...95 Phylum Anthophyta...97 PLANT REPORTS...99 LIFE CYCLES HOW THE PLANT SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES

6 Biology Manual Part 2 THE WATER CYCLE THE NITROGEN CYCLE THE CARBON CYCLE CHAPTER 7: THE ANIMAL KINGDOM INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE THE ANIMAL CELL THE ANIMAL KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Placozoa Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Ctenophora Phylum Mesozoa Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nemertina Phylum Gnathostomulida Phylum Gastrotricha Phylum Rotifera Phylum Kinorhyncha Phylum Loricifera Phylum Acanthocephala Phylum Entoprocta Phylum Nematoda Phylum Nematomorpha Phylum Ectoprocta Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda Phylum Mollusca Phylum Priapulida Phylum Sipuncula Phylum Echiura Montessori Research and Development 2006

7 Biology Manual Part 2 Phylum Annelida Phylum Tartigrada Phylum Pentastoma Phylum Onychophora Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Pogonophora Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chaetognatha Phylum Hemichordata Phylum Chordata ANIMAL REPORTS INVERTEBRATE/VERTEBRATE PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM CNIDARIA PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES PHYLUM NEMATODA PHYLUM ANNELIDA PHYLUM ARTHROPODA PHYLUM MOLLUSCA PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA VERTEBRATES PHYLUM CHORDATA - FISH PHYLUM CHORDATA - AMPHIBIANS PHYLUM CHORDATA - REPTILES PHYLUM CHORDATA - BIRDS PHYLUM CHORDATA - MAMMALS MOUNTAIN LION (COUGAR) BOBCAT WOLF COYOTE BLACK BEAR THE GREAT RIVER THE SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY Montessori Research and Development 2006

8 Biology Manual Part 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 6: THE PLANT KINGDOM INTRODUCTION... 2 TIME LINE OF LIFE... 6 KEY EXPERIENCE: THE PLANT...14 THE PLANT CELL...18 INTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOT - LONGITUDINAL SECTION...28 INTERNAL PARTS OF THE ROOT - CROSS SECTION INTERNAL PARTS OF THE HERBACEOUS STEM - CROSS SECTION INTERNAL PARTS OF THE WOODY STEM - CROSS SECTION INTERNAL PARTS OF THE LEAF - CROSS SECTION...50 Photosynthesis...56 KEY EXPERIENCE - THE FLOWER...62 INTERNAL PARTS OF THE FLOWER - CROSS SECTION...67 THE PLANT KINGDOM CHART...74 CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH...75 Phylum Hepatophyta...75 Phylum Anthocerophyta Phylum Bryophyta...78 Phylum Psilophyta...81 Phylum Lycophyta...82 Phylum Sphenophyta Phylum Pterophyta...86 Phylum Cycadophyta Phylum Ginkgophyta...92 Phylum Coniferophyta...93 Phylum Gnetophyta...95 Phylum Anthophyta...97 PLANT REPORTS...99 LIFE CYCLES HOW THE PLANT SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES

9 Biology Manual Part 2 THE WATER CYCLE THE NITROGEN CYCLE THE CARBON CYCLE CHAPTER 7: THE ANIMAL KINGDOM INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE THE ANIMAL CELL THE ANIMAL KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Placozoa Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Phylum Ctenophora Phylum Mesozoa Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nemertina Phylum Gnathostomulida Phylum Gastrotricha Phylum Rotifera Phylum Kinorhyncha Phylum Loricifera Phylum Acanthocephala Phylum Entoprocta Phylum Nematoda Phylum Nematomorpha Phylum Ectoprocta Phylum Phoronida Phylum Brachiopoda Phylum Mollusca Phylum Priapulida Phylum Sipuncula Phylum Echiura Montessori Research and Development 2006

10 Biology Manual Part 2 Phylum Annelida Phylum Tartigrada Phylum Pentastoma Phylum Onychophora Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Pogonophora Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chaetognatha Phylum Hemichordata Phylum Chordata ANIMAL REPORTS INVERTEBRATE/VERTEBRATE PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM CNIDARIA PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES PHYLUM NEMATODA PHYLUM ANNELIDA PHYLUM ARTHROPODA PHYLUM MOLLUSCA PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA VERTEBRATES PHYLUM CHORDATA - FISH PHYLUM CHORDATA - AMPHIBIANS PHYLUM CHORDATA - REPTILES PHYLUM CHORDATA - BIRDS PHYLUM CHORDATA - MAMMALS MOUNTAIN LION (COUGAR) BOBCAT WOLF COYOTE BLACK BEAR THE GREAT RIVER THE SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY Montessori Research and Development 2006

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION... 1 THE STORY OF LIFE ON EARTH... 2 LIVING AND NON-LIVING... 7 THE DOMAINS... 9 SIX KINGDOMS: PRESENTATION...14 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SIX KINGDOMS...23 SIX KINGDOMS CHART...26 TREE OF LIFE: PRESENTATION...29 TREE OF LIFE: ARCHAEA KINGDOM TREE OF LIFE: BACTERIA KINGDOM TREE OF LIFE: PROTISTA KINGDOM TREE OF LIFE: FUNGUS KINGDOM...49 TREE OF LIFE: PLANT KINGDOM...56 TREE OF LIFE: ANIMAL KINGDOM...65 CHAPTER 2: PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS THE PROKARYOTIC CELL...86 THE EUKARYOTE CELL...92 CHAPTER 3: THE ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA KINGDOMS INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE KEY EXPERIENCE THE ARCHAEA KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Methanogens Phylum Extreme Thermophiles Phylum Extreme Halophiles THE BACTERIA KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Cyanobacteria Phylum Purple and Green Bacteria

12 Phylum Prochlorophytes Phylum Mycoplasma Phylum Spirochaetae Phylum Thiopneutes Phylum Nitrogen Fixing Aerobic Bacteria Phylum Pseudomonads Phylum Omnibacteria Phylum Chemoautotrophic Bacteria Phylum Myxobacteria Phylum Fermenting Bacteria Phylum Aeroendospora Phylum Micrococci Phylum Actinobacteria BACTERIA REPORTS LIFE CYCLES HOW THE BACTERIA SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES CHAPTER 4: PROTISTA KINGDOM INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE KEY EXPERIENCE THE PROTISTA KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Caryoblastea Phylum Sarcodina The Parts of the Amoeba Phylum Actinopoda The Parts of the Radiolarian Phylum Foraminifera Phylum Ciliophora The Parts of the Paramecium

13 Phylum Apicomplexa Phylum Cnidosporidia Phylum Zoomastigina Phylum Chrysophyta Phylum Haptophyta Phylum Dinophyta Phylum Euglenophyta The Parts of the Euglena Phylum Cryptophyta Phylum Xanthophyta Phylum Bacillariophyta Phylum Phaeophyta The Parts of the Brown Algae (Kelp) Phylum Rhodophyta Phylum Gamophyta Phylum Chlorophyta Phylum Labyrinthulomycota Phylum Acrasiomycota Phylum Myxomycota Phylum Oomycota PROTISTA REPORTS LIFE CYCLES HOW THE PROTIST SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES CHAPTER 5: THE FUNGUS KINGDOM INTRODUCTION TIME LINE OF LIFE KEY EXPERIENCE EXPERIMENTS WITH YEAST THE FUNGUS KINGDOM CHART CLASSIFICATION AND RESEARCH Phylum Chytridiomycota Phylum Zygomycota

14 Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota Deuteromycetes Lichens Mycorrhizae FUNGUS REPORTS LIFE CYCLES HOW THE FUNGUS SATISFIES ITS NEEDS WHO AM I? STORIES

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