Ecology. Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biotic environment: CO 2 O 2

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Ecology. Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biotic environment: CO 2 O 2"

Transcription

1

2 Ecology CO 2 O 2 Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biotic environment: Relationships involve interactions with the physical world as well as interrelationships with other species and individuals of the same species. Nutrients

3 Biological Complexity Living organisms can be studied at different levels of complexity. From least to most complex, these levels are (in an ecological context): Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Individual Population Community Population Individual Ecosystem Biome

4 The Biosphere The biosphere is the region within which all living things are found on Earth. It is the narrow belt around the Earth extending from the bottom of the oceans to the upper troposphere. Image: NASA

5 Exploring the Life exists in all places, from blind white crabs in lightless environments... Biosphere Our knowledge of what constitutes the biosphere continues to develop as scientists continue their exploration of the Earth. As we learn more about the biosphere, we find new kinds of life in areas we previously thought were lifeless! to tube worms in the crushing ocean depths.

6 Biomes The biosphere encompasses all living things on Earth. It comprises a number of aquatic and terrestrial biomes. Biomes are the largest geographically based biotic communities that can be conveniently recognized. Biomes within the same category have specific, characteristic features. Desert biome

7 Terrestrial Biomes Terrestrial biomes are recognized for all the major climatic regions of the world and are classified on the basis of their predominant vegetation type. The same biome may occur in widely separated regions.

8 Biomes and Weather Cells Three air cells circle each hemisphere of the Earth. The interaction of these cells is a major contributor the formation of biomes. Rising air allows cloud formation in temperate regions Air rising at the equator causes the formation of rain clouds After losing its moisture, dry air descends Dry air descends at the poles Hadley cell Ferrel cell Polar cell Polar Temperate Desert Tropical Desert Temperate Polar

9 Hot Deserts Deserts are arid regions (annual rainfall generally less than 25 cm). The hot desert biome is found in two belts, centered at 30 latitude north and south of the Equator. Hot deserts receive most of their rainfall in summer. The driest regions are in central Australia and the middle of the Sahara Desert. The temperature range is approximately 30 C, and the winter and summer are both very warm. Ayres Rock, Australia Sand dunes, Namibia

10 Physical Factors: Hot Deserts Example: Khartoum, Sudan 15.5 N Temperature range: 9 C The winter and summer are both very warm. Annual total rainfall: 15 cm Khartoum

11 Cold Deserts The cold desert biome is found in dry regions in the mid to high latitudes, especially in the interiors of large continents. Cold deserts also occur at high altitudes in the rain shadows of mountain ranges. Cold deserts receive most of their small amount of rainfall in winter. Sierra Nevada, USA Arches National Park, USA

12 Physical Factors: Cold Deserts Example: Cheyenne, Wyoming 41 N Temperature range: 23 C The winters are cold; summers are much warmer. Annual total rainfall: 38 cm Cheyenne

13 Savanna & Thorn Forests Tropical savannas are found in central and eastern Africa, and in tropical and subtropical regions of South America and Australia. Thorn forests are found on the equatorial sides of hot deserts. Both have mild, dry winters and mild, wet summers. Unlike savanna, thorn forests generally lack grasses. This reflects the increased aridity of the climate.

14 Physical Factors: Savannas Example: Kayes, Mali 14 N Temperature range: 10.7 C Annual total rainfall: 74 cm Kayes

15 Tropical Rainforests Tropical evergreen forests are found in equatorial regions where total annual rainfall exceeds 250 cm and the dry season lasts for no more than 2-3 months. These forests are speciesrich. The climate is warm and rainy all year round. Rainforest, Central America

16 Physical Factors: Tropical Rainforests Example: Iquitos, Peru 3 S Temperature range: 2.2 C Annual total rainfall: 262 cm Iquitos

17 Temperate Forests Temperate deciduous forest Temperate forests occur throughout mid latitudes where there is a high annual rainfall. Temperate forests are usually deciduous, but where seasonal fluctuations are moderated by proximity to the coast, the forests are evergreen and are termed temperate rainforests. Temperate rainforests occur in south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, along the Pacific North- West coast of the United States. Temperate rainforest

18 Physical Factors: Temperate Forests Example: Madison, Wisconsin 43 N Temperature range: 31 C The temperature fluctuates dramatically between summer and winter. Total annual rainfall: 81 cm Ample falls throughout the year. Madison

19 Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands or prairies occur in mid latitudes, in regions that are relatively dry for much of the year. They occur in many parts of the world, and include: The Pampas of Argentina The South African veldt The Great Plains of the USA Grasslands are highly productive and large regions have been converted to agriculture.

20 Physical Factors: Temperate Grasslands Example: Pueblo, Colorado 38 N Temperature range: 24 C The temperature fluctuates widely, with hot summers, cold winters. In some grasslands, most precipitation occurs in the winter. In others, the majority falls in summer. Total annual rainfall: 31 cm Pueblo

21 Tundra The tundra biome is found in the Arctic and high in the mountains at all latitudes. It is dominated by low-growing perennial plants. The Arctic tundra is very wet even though rainfall is low and this is because the water cannot drain down through the permafrost (permanently frozen ground). Tundra: northern Canada Arctic tundra

22 Physical Factors: Tundra Example: Greenland 73 N Temperature range: 28 C Total annual rainfall: 23 cm Greenland

23 Mountains and Ice Mountainous regions are associated with their own altitude adapted vegetation. The icy regions of the polar ice caps (the Arctic and Antarctic) form sheets of ice that extend into and over the sea.

24 Latitudinal regions Predicting Biome Distribution 1 Temperature and precipitation are excellent predictors of biome distribution. Temperature decreases from the equator to the poles. Polar Arctic regio n Subarcti c region Temperate region Equatorial Tropical region Annual precipitation (mm)

25 Components of an Ecosystem Physical environment Community A biome is a large geographical region comprising natural units called ecosystems. An ecosystem encompasses the physical environment and the community.

26 Ecosystem Physical environment Abiotic factors atmosphere soil water wind speed Community wind direction current velocity Biotic factors competitors symbionts predators parasites pathogens

27 Ecosystems Light intensity varies Fast flowing water habitat Still water habitat An ecosystem includes: all of the organisms (the community) and their physical environment. There are many different sorts of ecosystems from natural to artificial, and they range in size from large to small. Rock habitat Stream bank habitat Flow rate varies Rainfall level varies

28 Communities A community is a naturally occurring group of organisms living together as an ecological entity; the biological part of the ecosystem. A nudibranch snail feeding on rock encrusting organisms

29 Environments The physical environment refers to the physical surroundings of any organism, including: the medium, e.g. water substrate, e.g. soil climatic (atmospheric) conditions light and other physical properties.

30 Climate and Vegetation The type and extent of vegetation in a particular ecosystem is determined by physical factors on both a large scale and on a very localized (microclimate) level. Vegetation patterns are governed largely by climate (which is broadly related to latitude) and altitude. High latitude climate Temperate climate

31 Factors Affecting Ecosystems Abiotic (physical) factors are the influences of the non-living parts of the ecosystem. Examples include ph, salinity, temperature, turbidity, wind speed and direction, humidity, precipitation, water pressure, and light intensity and quality. Biotic factors are the influences of the living parts of the ecosystem. Producers and consumers interact as competitors, parasites, pathogens, symbionts, and predators.

32 Photo: Courtesy PASCO scientific Monitoring Physical Factors Devices for measuring the physical factors in the field include the following meters: Quantum light meter Dissolved oxygen Oxygen meter ph meter Total dissolved solids (TDS) meter Current meter Multi-purpose meter Hygrometer Wind meter Other equipment includes: Secchi discs Pasco datalogger with attached sensor Nansen bottles

33 Physical Gradients Gradients in abiotic factors are found in almost every environment. They influence habitats and microclimates, and determine patterns of species distribution. The effects of these physical (or environmental) gradients are particularly evident where physical conditions change markedly within a short distance, e.g. in deserts, along rocky shores, in lakes and tropical rainforests, and on mountains.

34 Desert Environments Desert environments experience extremes in temperature and humidity, but they are not uniform with respect to these factors. Physical conditions vary widely within the one general environment. Crevices, burrows, and the presence of rock overhangs and vegetation create microclimates where extremes in physical conditions are reduced compared to the desert surface.

35 Desert Factors Hypothetical values for temperature ( C) and percentage humidity at midday in a desert environment. 300 m altitude 27 C, 20% humidity Desert surface 45 C, <20% humidity 1 m above ground 33 C, 20% humidity Under rock 28 C, 60% humidity Crack/crevice (1 m underground) 27 C, 95% humidity Burrow (2 m underground) 25 C, 95% humidity

36 Rocky Shore Environments Rocky shore environments typically exhibit marked physical gradients as a result of tidal movements. Horizontal and vertical gradients in salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and exposure time are reflected in the communities found at different positions on the shore. Horizontal: from the low tide to the high tide marks Vertical: from the bottom to top surfaces of rocks and boulders.

37 Rocky Shore Factors Hypothetical values for physical factors in rock pools at different places on a rocky shore. Salin: salinity Temp: temperature DO: dissolved oxygen Exp: exposure time (per 12 hour tidal cycle) Salin: 42 gl - 1 Temp: 28 C DO: 20% Exp: 12 h Salin: 39 gl - 1 Temp: 28 C DO: 30% Exp: 10 h Salin: 38.5 gl - 1 Temp: 26 C DO: 42% Exp: 8 h Salin: 37 gl - 1 Temp: 22 C DO: 57% Exp: 6 h Salin: 36 gl - 1 Temp: 19 C DO: 74% Exp: 4 h Salin: 35 gl- - 1 Temp: 17 C DO: 100% Exp: 0 h

38 A Tropical Rainforest The high species diversity of tropical rainforests can be supported because of the wide variety of microhabitats provided by the layered structure of the forest. The physical conditions at the uppermost level are quite different to those at the forest floor with respect to light intensity (and quality), wind speed, and humidity. Canopy Subcanopy Understorey Ground layer

39 Light: light intensity Wind: wind speed Hum: humidity Rainforest Factors Light: 70% Wind: 15 kmh -1 Hum: 67% Light: 50% Wind: 12 kmh -1 Hum: 75% Light: 12% Wind: 9 kmh - 1 Hum: 80% Light: 6% Wind: 5 kmh - 1 Hum: Light: 85% 1% Wind: 3 kmh - 1 Hum: 90% Light: 0% Wind: 0 kmh - 1 Hum: 98%

Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water)

Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water) Biomes There are 2 types: Terrestrial Biomes (on land) Aquatic Biomes (in the water) Terrestrial Biomes Grassland, Desert, and Tundra Biomes: Savanna Temperate grassland Chaparral Desert Tundra Chapter

More information

Biosphere Organization

Biosphere Organization Biosphere Organization What is a biome? Biomes refer to a large region or area characterized by the following: 1. A particular climate pattern of the annual temperature and precipitation distribution,

More information

forest tropical jungle swamp marsh prairie savanna pampas Different Ecosystems (rainforest)

forest tropical jungle swamp marsh prairie savanna pampas Different Ecosystems (rainforest) Different Ecosystems forest A region of land that is covered with many trees and shrubs. tropical jungle (rainforest) swamp A region with dense trees and a variety of plant life. It has a tropical climate.

More information

Tropical Moist Rainforest

Tropical Moist Rainforest Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)

More information

Our Living Planet. Chapter 15

Our Living Planet. Chapter 15 Our Living Planet Chapter 15 Learning Goals I can describe the Earth s climate and how we are affected by the sun. I can describe what causes different climate zones. I can describe what makes up an organisms

More information

Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate

Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question

More information

UNIT 5: ECOLOGY Chapter 15: The Biosphere

UNIT 5: ECOLOGY Chapter 15: The Biosphere CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned

More information

Our climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies.

Our climate system is based on the location of hot and cold air mass regions and the atmospheric circulation created by trade winds and westerlies. CLIMATE REGIONS Have you ever wondered why one area of the world is a desert, another a grassland, and another a rainforest? Or have you wondered why are there different types of forests and deserts with

More information

Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Ecology The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecology Integrates all areas of biological research and informs environmental

More information

WHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS

WHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS WHAT CAN MAPS TELL US ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT GREECE? MAP TYPE 1: CLIMATE MAPS MAP TYPE 2: PHYSICAL AND/OR TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS MAP TYPE 3: POLITICAL MAPS TYPE 4: RESOURCE & TRADE MAPS Descriptions

More information

Climate and Biomes. Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott

Climate and Biomes. Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott Climate and Biomes Adapted by T.Brunetto from: Developed by Steven Taylor Wichmanowski based in part on Pearson Environmental Science by Jay Withgott Remember that an ecosystem consists of all the biotic

More information

Bright blue marble floating in space. Biomes & Ecology

Bright blue marble floating in space. Biomes & Ecology Bright blue marble floating in space Biomes & Ecology Chapter 50 Spheres of life Molecules Cells (Tissues Organ Organ systems) Organisms Populations Community all the organisms of all the species that

More information

World Geography Chapter 3

World Geography Chapter 3 World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse

More information

Module 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes

Module 11: Meteorology Topic 3 Content: Climate Zones Notes Introduction Latitude is such an important climate factor that you can make generalizations about a location's climate based on its latitude. Areas near the equator or the low latitudes are generally hot

More information

Ecosystems Chapter 4. What is an Ecosystem? Section 4-1

Ecosystems Chapter 4. What is an Ecosystem? Section 4-1 Ecosystems Chapter 4 What is an Ecosystem? Section 4-1 Ecosystems Key Idea: An ecosystem includes a community of organisms and their physical environment. A community is a group of various species that

More information

Name Hour. Chapter 4 Review

Name Hour. Chapter 4 Review Name Hour Chapter 4 Review 1. The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation within a particular region are its weather. climate. greenhouse effect. d. biotic factors. 2. The

More information

BIO B.4 Ecology You should be able to: Keystone Vocabulary:

BIO B.4 Ecology You should be able to: Keystone Vocabulary: Name Period BIO B.4 Ecology You should be able to: 1. Describe ecological levels of organization in the biosphere 2. Describe interactions and relationships in an ecosystem.. Keystone Vocabulary: Ecology:

More information

Chapter 7 Part III: Biomes

Chapter 7 Part III: Biomes Chapter 7 Part III: Biomes Biomes Biome: the major types of terrestrial ecosystems determined primarily by climate 2 main factors: Temperature and precipitation Depends on latitude or altitude; proximity

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

Introduction. Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

Introduction. Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. Introduction Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. 1. The interactions between organisms and their environments determine the distribution and abundance

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate

Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate Climate Global Climates Keys to Climate Climate Classification Low Latitude Climates Midlatitude Climates High Latitude Climates Highland Climates Our Changing Climate Keys to Climate Climate the average

More information

GLOBAL CLIMATES FOCUS

GLOBAL CLIMATES FOCUS which you will learn more about in Chapter 6. Refer to the climate map and chart on pages 28-29 as you read the rest of this chapter. FOCUS GLOBAL CLIMATES What are the major influences on climate? Where

More information

Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere AP Biology Guided Reading Name Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Overview 1. What is ecology? 2. Study Figure 52.2. It shows the different levels of the biological hierarchy studied

More information

Earth s Major Terrerstrial Biomes. *Wetlands (found all over Earth)

Earth s Major Terrerstrial Biomes. *Wetlands (found all over Earth) Biomes Biome: the major types of terrestrial ecosystems determined primarily by climate 2 main factors: Depends on ; proximity to ocean; and air and ocean circulation patterns Similar traits of plants

More information

16 Global Climate. Learning Goals. Summary. After studying this chapter, students should be able to:

16 Global Climate. Learning Goals. Summary. After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 16 Global Climate Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. associate the world s six major vegetation biomes to climate (pp. 406 408); 2. describe methods for classifying

More information

Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall

Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Climate Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages 560-573 Elements of weather and climate Temperature Range of temperature Seasonal temperature pattern Rainfall Overall rainfall Seasonal distribution of rainfall

More information

Climate Classification

Climate Classification Chapter 15: World Climates The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University Climate Classification Köppen classification:

More information

Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems

Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems Lesson 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems A terrestrial ecosystem is a land ecosystem. Terrestrial ecosystems include tundra, forests, grasslands, deserts, and rainforests. 1 The arctic tundra is earth s coldest

More information

Name Hour. Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87-89) What Is Climate? (page 87) 1. How is weather different from climate?

Name Hour. Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87-89) What Is Climate? (page 87) 1. How is weather different from climate? Name Hour Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87-89) What Is Climate? (page 87) 1. How is weather different from climate? 2. What factors cause climate? The Greenhouse Effect (page 87) 3. Circle the

More information

CH. 3: Climate and Vegetation

CH. 3: Climate and Vegetation CH. 3: Climate and Vegetation GROUP WORK RUBRIC Score of 50 (5): Superior - 100% A 5 is superior work, and has completed all requirements of the assignments, it is in order and its presentation is almost

More information

Environmental Science

Environmental Science Environmental Science A Study of Interrelationships Cui Jiansheng Hebei University of Science and Technology CH06 Kinds of Ecosystems and Communities Chapter Objectives After reading this chapter, you

More information

Interrelationships. 1. Temperature Wind Fire Rainfall Soil Type Floods Sunlight Altitude Earthquake

Interrelationships. 1. Temperature Wind Fire Rainfall Soil Type Floods Sunlight Altitude Earthquake Interrelationships Abiotic Factors A. A Partial List 1. Temperature Wind Fire Rainfall Soil Type Floods Sunlight Altitude Earthquake B. Aquatic Adaptations 1. Pumping salt out a. Salt water fish 2. Pumping

More information

remain on the trees all year long) Example: Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada

remain on the trees all year long) Example: Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada Coniferous Forest Temperature: -40 C to 20 C, average summer temperature is 10 C Precipitation: 300 to 900 millimeters of rain per year Vegetation: Coniferous-evergreen trees (trees that produce cones

More information

3 Temperate and Polar Zones

3 Temperate and Polar Zones CHAPTER 3 3 Temperate and Polar Zones SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What biomes are found in the temperate zone? What biomes

More information

The Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8

The Global Scope of Climate. The Global Scope of Climate. Keys to Climate. Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate Chapter 8 The Global Scope of Climate In its most general sense, climate is the average weather of a region, but except where conditions change very little during the course

More information

Define Ecology. study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment

Define Ecology. study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment Ecology Define Ecology Define Ecology study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment Describe each of the following terms: Biosphere Biotic Abiotic Describe each of the

More information

How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere s temperature range? What are Earth s three main climate zones?

How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere s temperature range? What are Earth s three main climate zones? Section 4 1 The Role of Climate (pages 87 89) Key Concepts How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere s temperature range? What are Earth s three main climate zones? What Is Climate? (page 87)

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The

More information

Section 8. North American Biomes. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 8. North American Biomes. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Section 8 North American Biomes What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Define the major biomes of North America and identify your community s biome. Understand that organisms on land

More information

Spheres of Life. Ecology. Chapter 52. Impact of Ecology as a Science. Ecology. Biotic Factors Competitors Predators / Parasites Food sources

Spheres of Life. Ecology. Chapter 52. Impact of Ecology as a Science. Ecology. Biotic Factors Competitors Predators / Parasites Food sources "Look again at that dot... That's here. That's home. That's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. Ecology Chapter

More information

Global Biogeography. Natural Vegetation. Structure and Life-Forms of Plants. Terrestrial Ecosystems-The Biomes

Global Biogeography. Natural Vegetation. Structure and Life-Forms of Plants. Terrestrial Ecosystems-The Biomes Global Biogeography Natural Vegetation Structure and Life-Forms of Plants Terrestrial Ecosystems-The Biomes Natural Vegetation natural vegetation is the plant cover that develops with little or no human

More information

Biomes Section 1. Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE

Biomes Section 1. Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE Chapter 6: Biomes Section 1: What is a Biome? DAY ONE What is a Biome? Biomes are large regions characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plant and animal communities. The climate

More information

Factors That Affect Climate

Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude (horizontal lines) increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The tropical zone is between the tropic of Cancer and

More information

CHAPTER 6 & 7 VOCABULARY

CHAPTER 6 & 7 VOCABULARY CHAPTER 6 & 7 VOCABULARY 1. Biome 2. Climate 3. Latitude 4. Altitude 5. Emergent layer 6. Epiphyte 7. Understory 8. Permafrost 9. Wetland 10.Plankton 11.Nekton 12.Benthos 13.Littoral zone 14.Benthic zone

More information

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?

1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures? CHAPTER 3 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ

More information

10/6/ th Grade Ecology and the Environment. Chapter 2: Ecosystems and Biomes

10/6/ th Grade Ecology and the Environment. Chapter 2: Ecosystems and Biomes 7 th Grade Ecology and the Environment Chapter 2: Ecosystems and Biomes Lesson 1 (Energy Flow in Ecosystems) Each organism in an ecosystem fills an energy role. Producer an organism that can make its own

More information

Name Date Class. well as the inland, found near the Tropics. 4. In the, or the regions near the Equator, you may find a lush

Name Date Class. well as the inland, found near the Tropics. 4. In the, or the regions near the Equator, you may find a lush WATER, CLIMATE, AND VEGETATION Vocabulary Activity DIRECTIONS: Fill in the Blanks Select a term from below to complete each of the following sentences. CHAPTER 1. The constant movement of water, a process

More information

Climate Chapter 19. Earth Science, 10e. Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College

Climate Chapter 19. Earth Science, 10e. Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College Climate Chapter 19 Earth Science, 10e Stan Hatfield and Ken Pinzke Southwestern Illinois College The climate system A. Climate is an aggregate of weather B. Involves the exchanges of energy and moisture

More information

Fig Major air masses of the world

Fig Major air masses of the world Fig. 9.3 Major air masses of the world CLASSIFICATION FOUR BASIC CATEGORIES OF AIR MASSES: POLAR - P ARCTIC - A TROPICAL - T EQUATORIAL - E TWO DESIGNATIONS OF SURFACE IN SOURCE REGION MARITIME - m. CONTINENTAL

More information

UNIT 3. World Ecosystems

UNIT 3. World Ecosystems UNIT 3 World Ecosystems Description and Review World Geography 3202 World Ecosystems Climax Vegetation Climax Vegetation is the natural vegetation in the last possible stage of vegetation development.

More information

Chapter 3 Section 3 World Climate Regions In-Depth Resources: Unit 1

Chapter 3 Section 3 World Climate Regions In-Depth Resources: Unit 1 Guided Reading A. Determining Cause and Effect Use the organizer below to show the two most important causes of climate. 1. 2. Climate B. Making Comparisons Use the chart below to compare the different

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The

More information

Unit 1. Sustaining Earth s Ecosystem

Unit 1. Sustaining Earth s Ecosystem Unit 1 Sustaining Earth s Ecosystem 1. Identify distinctive plants, animals, and climatic characteristics of Canadian biomes (tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rainforest, grasslands)

More information

Ecology 312 SI STEVEN F. Last Session: Aquatic Biomes, Review This Session: Plate Tectonics, Lecture Quiz 2

Ecology 312 SI STEVEN F. Last Session: Aquatic Biomes, Review This Session: Plate Tectonics, Lecture Quiz 2 Ecology 312 SI STEVEN F. Last Session: Aquatic Biomes, Review This Session: Plate Tectonics, Lecture Quiz 2 Questions? Warm up: KWL KNOW: On a piece of paper, write down things that you know well enough

More information

What is a Biome? An Overview of Biomes. The Holdridge Life Zones. Tundra 9/14/2010. In the following slides, you ll

What is a Biome? An Overview of Biomes. The Holdridge Life Zones. Tundra 9/14/2010. In the following slides, you ll An Overview of Biomes What is a Biome? A biome describes a habitat type Biomes are primarily described by average temperature, annual precipitation, length of growing season, and dominant vegetation type

More information

BIOMES. Definition of a Biome. Terrestrial referring to land. Climatically controlled sets of ecosystems. Characterized by distinct vegetation

BIOMES. Definition of a Biome. Terrestrial referring to land. Climatically controlled sets of ecosystems. Characterized by distinct vegetation BIOMES An Introduction to the Biomes of the World Definition of a Biome Terrestrial referring to land Climatically controlled sets of ecosystems Characterized by distinct vegetation 1 In a Biome There

More information

EKOLOGI BIOMA (BIOME) TEMA 10. Program Studi Tadris Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember

EKOLOGI BIOMA (BIOME) TEMA 10. Program Studi Tadris Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember EKOLOGI TEMA 10 BIOMA (BIOME) Program Studi Tadris Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Negeri Jember What is difference of this picture????? Why are they different????? Have

More information

* We will go as a class to the bathroom at 8:18!

* We will go as a class to the bathroom at 8:18! Unpack/ Write down homework Turn in ANY papers from home Get computer & book boxes Work on Government Shortcut--DUE THURSDAY! Work on ANY unfinished work- DUE THURSDAY * We will go as a class to the bathroom

More information

soils E) the Coriolis effect causes the moisture to be carried sideways towards the earth's oceans, leaving behind dry land masses

soils E) the Coriolis effect causes the moisture to be carried sideways towards the earth's oceans, leaving behind dry land masses MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A biome is characterized primarily by A) flora and fauna. B) soil structure and flora. C) temperature

More information

The following statements will be changed into TRUE/FALSE Questions. STUDY! (Hi-light important info)

The following statements will be changed into TRUE/FALSE Questions. STUDY! (Hi-light important info) BIOME STUDY GUIDE!!!! ~There will be a map on your Biome Exam! ~ You will also need to know and understand the zones of the marine and freshwater biomes. ~FYI- I will collect your Biome Suitcases on WEDNESDAY

More information

Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism

Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Community Population Organism Ecology ecology - The study of living things and how they relate to their environment Levels of Organization in Ecology organism lowest level one living thing population collection of organisms of the

More information

Summary of the World s Major Terrestrial Biomes

Summary of the World s Major Terrestrial Biomes Summary of the World s Major Terrestrial Biomes Tropical Rainforests Precipitation Pattern: High yearly rainfall >100, generally during a long wet season and a short dry season. Temperature/Growing Season:

More information

Climate. Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages

Climate. Earth Science Chapter 20 Pages Academic Excellence Showcase Thursday, May 27 Two points credit for each talk you attend in Earth science 8:30 to 10:30 AM, in NS 101 General Science video productions: Energy 9:00 to 11:00 AM, in NS 218

More information

Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide

Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide Seasons, Global Wind and Climate Study Guide Seasons 1. Know what is responsible for the change in seasons on Earth. 2. Be able to determine seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres given the position

More information

defined largely by regional variations in climate

defined largely by regional variations in climate 1 Unit 2: Terrestrial Ecosystems EVSC 111 2 Four Units of Course Global Environments Terrestrial Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosystems Environmental management 3 Ecosystems Ecosystem a concept in which the physical

More information

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens

Lecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 20 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors

More information

Bell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions

Bell Work. REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions 9.12.16 Bell Work REVIEW: Our Planet Earth Page 29 Document A & B Questions Intro to Climate & Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhgyoa70q7y Weather vs. Climate Video Climate & Weather 3.1 Weather

More information

Quizizz. Mean Green Science: Interdependency Date and: Life Science Quiz 2. Name : Class : What is a producer?

Quizizz. Mean Green Science: Interdependency Date and: Life Science Quiz 2. Name : Class : What is a producer? Quizizz Name : Class : Mean Green Science: Interdependency Date and: Life Science Quiz 2 1. What is a producer? a) an organism that gets energy from eating other organisms c) an organism that gets energy

More information

Climax Vegetation is the natural vegetation in the last possible stage of vegetation development. Climax vegetation is stable and in balance with the

Climax Vegetation is the natural vegetation in the last possible stage of vegetation development. Climax vegetation is stable and in balance with the Climax Vegetation is the natural vegetation in the last possible stage of vegetation development. Climax vegetation is stable and in balance with the climatic conditions. It should change very little if

More information

Climate Classification Chapter 7

Climate Classification Chapter 7 Climate Classification Chapter 7 Climate Systems Earth is extremely diverse No two places exactly the same Similarities between places allow grouping into regions Climates influence ecosystems Why do we

More information

Chapter 1 Section 2. Land, Water, and Climate

Chapter 1 Section 2. Land, Water, and Climate Chapter 1 Section 2 Land, Water, and Climate Vocabulary 1. Landforms- natural features of the Earth s land surface 2. Elevation- height above sea level 3. Relief- changes in height 4. Core- most inner

More information

Climates of Earth. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region.

Climates of Earth. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. Lesson Outline LESSON 1 A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. 2. Climate depends on how average weather conditions throughout the year. B.

More information

Desertification : loss of productive potential due to human activity. Can happen in A climates as well as in arid climates

Desertification : loss of productive potential due to human activity. Can happen in A climates as well as in arid climates W, S,, m, 60 m 30 0 30 60 What do these all have in common? Small group question: What leaf shape/shedding habit do you expect to find in each of these and why? Tropical Monsoon (m) Found primarily along

More information

Global Patterns Gaston, K.J Nature 405. Benefit Diversity. Threats to Biodiversity

Global Patterns Gaston, K.J Nature 405. Benefit Diversity. Threats to Biodiversity Biodiversity Definitions the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they

More information

Honors Biology Unit 5 Chapter 34 THE BIOSPHERE: AN INTRODUCTION TO EARTH S DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS

Honors Biology Unit 5 Chapter 34 THE BIOSPHERE: AN INTRODUCTION TO EARTH S DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS Honors Biology Unit 5 Chapter 34 THE BIOSPHERE: AN INTRODUCTION TO EARTH S DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS 1. aquatic biomes photic zone aphotic zone 2. 9 terrestrial (land) biomes tropical rain forest savannah (tropical

More information

World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review

World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review World geography 3200/3202 Unit 2 review 1. Does this statement use the terms revolve & rotate correctly? "Saturn revolves on its axis while several moons rotate around it." 2. Does this statement use the

More information

What Is Climate? (page 87) The Greenhouse Effect (page 87) Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87-89) Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities

What Is Climate? (page 87) The Greenhouse Effect (page 87) Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87-89) Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities Chapter 4 Ecosystems and Communities Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87-89) This section explains how the greenhouse effect maintains the biosphere's temperature range. It also describes Earth's

More information

TEST NAME: Biome Test 10/7 TEST ID: GRADE:05 - Fifth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom

TEST NAME: Biome Test 10/7 TEST ID: GRADE:05 - Fifth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom TEST NAME: Biome Test 10/7 TEST ID:1239163 GRADE:05 - Fifth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom Biome Test 10/7 Page 1 of 8 10/07/16, Biome Test 10/7 Student: Class: Date:

More information

Abiotic Factors. Biotic Factors

Abiotic Factors. Biotic Factors Name: Date: Block: Ecology Packet #1 Please read Ch. 3.1 (page 64-68) of your text. Answer questions below and practice organizing the information presented using the following graphic organizers. For

More information

The area on and near the Earth s surface where living things exist. The biosphere:

The area on and near the Earth s surface where living things exist. The biosphere: The area on and near the Earth s surface where living things exist The biosphere: The Biosphere If you use an apple to model the world, which part of the apple would represent the biosphere? Today define:

More information

Ecosystems and Communities

Ecosystems and Communities Ecosystems and Communities Chapter 4 Section Outline Section 4-1 4 1 The Role of Climate A. What Is Climate? 1. Weather is day to day at a particular time and place 2. Climate is year-to-year averages

More information

Name Class Date. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.

Name Class Date. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. 1. biome and tropical zone 2. weather and climate 3. temperate zone and polar zone

More information

Abiotic Dominant Dominant Factors Plants Animals

Abiotic Dominant Dominant Factors Plants Animals TERRESTRIAL BIOMES Abiotic Dominant Dominant Factors Plants Animals Tropical Rain Forest Hot & wet year round Ferns Woody vines Broad leaved evergreen trees Sloths Jaguars Monkeys Toucans Tropical Dry

More information

Biomes and Biodiversity

Biomes and Biodiversity Biomes and Biodiversity Agenda 2/4/13 Biomes review terrestrial and aquatic Biodiversity Climate Change Introduction Weather Terrestrial Biomes Review Tundra Boreal Forest (Taiga) Temperate Forest Temperate

More information

How does the physical environment influence communities and ecosystems? Hoodoos in Cappadocia, Turkey

How does the physical environment influence communities and ecosystems? Hoodoos in Cappadocia, Turkey Biomes of the World How does the physical environment influence communities and ecosystems? Hoodoos in Cappadocia, Turkey ecosystems are shaped by: abiotic factors climate/weather space Rainfall Soil air

More information

Biomes and Ecosystems

Biomes and Ecosystems Name Biomes and Ecosystems Date How do Earth s biomes and ecosystems differ? Before You Read Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about biomes and ecosystems Record your thoughts in the

More information

Where is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the tropical zone?

Where is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found in the tropical zone? Name CHAPTER 3 Class Date Climate 2 The Tropics SECTION BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: Where is the tropical zone? What are three biomes found

More information

BIOMES. Copyright Cmassengale

BIOMES. Copyright Cmassengale BIOMES Continental drift - slow motion of continents Dispersal of organisms Movement of organisms from 1 place to another Dispersal is usually caused by wind, water or living things Species that evolve

More information

BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS

BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES AND ECOSYSTEMS What is a biome? A biome is a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms There are 6 major land biomes and 2 major water ecosystems? LAND (6): RAINFORESTS, DESERTS,

More information

Biosphere. All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere.

Biosphere. All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere. Unit 1 Study Guide Earth s Spheres Biosphere All living things, plants, animals, (even you!) are part of the zone of the earth called the biosphere. Hydrosphere Water covers ¾ of the earth, made up mostly

More information

Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long

Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time Many factors influence weather & climate

More information

The Desert Biome Review

The Desert Biome Review NAME DATE The Desert Biome Review 1) Which best describes the climate in the desert? a) a warm climate c) a hot climate b) a dry climate d) a windy climate 2) What kind of soil is found in the desert?

More information

Biomes. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 4.4 Biomes

Biomes. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 4.4 Biomes Lesson Overview 4.4 THINK ABOUT IT Why does the character of biological communities vary from one place to another? Why, for example, do temperate rain forests grow in the Pacific Northwest while areas

More information

ENVIRONMENTS and LIFE

ENVIRONMENTS and LIFE ENVIRONMENTS and LIFE part III The Terrestrial Realm Notes from (Stanley and Luczaj, 2015) Earth System History, Chapter 4 Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D. A lynx, or bobcat, in the suburban Los Angeles chaparral

More information

Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane

Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Carbon cycle Present in atmosphere in low concentrations Autotrophs incorporate it into organic matter via photosynthesis Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Lecture 23 and Climate Carbon Cycle Respiration

More information

Adopt a Drifter Lesson Plan by Mary Cook, Middle School Science Teacher, Ahlf Jr. High School, Searcy, Arkansas

Adopt a Drifter Lesson Plan by Mary Cook, Middle School Science Teacher, Ahlf Jr. High School, Searcy, Arkansas Adopt a Drifter Lesson Plan by Mary Cook, Middle School Science Teacher, Ahlf Jr. High School, Searcy, Arkansas Do Ocean Surface Currents Influence Climate? Objectives Students will construct climographs

More information

Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10

Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10 Wind: Global Systems Chapter 10 General Circulation of the Atmosphere General circulation of the atmosphere describes average wind patterns and is useful for understanding climate Over the earth, incoming

More information

Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long

Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time Many factors influence weather & climate

More information

Biomes of the World. Plant and Animal Adaptations

Biomes of the World. Plant and Animal Adaptations Biomes of the World Plant and Animal Adaptations Biomes and Adaptations Biome- A large geographic area with similar climate and a distinctive community of organisms. Adaptation- an anatomical, physiological,

More information