Ecological Levels of Organization
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1 Ecological Levels of Organization
2 Foldable (outside): Map of Biomes Earth s Biomes Temperate Deciduous Forest Taiga/Coniferous Forest Tropical Rain Forest Grassland (Savanna) Desert Tundra Water Biomes (Marine, Estuary, Freshwater)
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4 To complete the inside of your foldable Use the Information in this PowerPoint Extra Info: CHAPTER 21 Textbook: Pgs (CLIMATE) See the next slide for the format to use inside the foldable.
5 Land (Terrestrial) Biomes Inside the foldable Illustration of biome. Distinguishing characteristics: (distinguishes it from other biomes) Fold Climate: Plants: Animals: -Temperature -Precipitation -Examples -Adaptations -Examples -Adaptations
6 Earth s Biomes Areas with similar abiotic factors (soil, water & climate) usually have similar biotic factors (plants & animals). Climate average weather pattern in an area over a long period of time. Precipitation & temperature Biome a group of ecosystems with similar climates & organisms Contain related ecosystems
7 Terrestrial or Land Biomes Tundra Taiga / Coniferous (Boreal) Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest Grasslands (Savanna, Steppe, Prairie) Deserts Tropical Rain Forest Temperate Rain Forest
8 Forest Biomes Often found in areas that have mild temperatures and plenty of rain. 3 types (depends on climate): Temperate deciduous forests Coniferous forests (Taiga) Tropical rain forests
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10 Temperate Deciduous Forests Deciduous to fall off trees that shed their leaves to save water during the winter or during the dry season Have 4 distinct seasons in a year (fall, winter, spring, summer) Climate: Precipitation cm of rain/yr. Average temperature summer 28 C, winter 6 C Plants: deciduous trees (oaks, maples); ferns; mosses Animals: deer, bears, snakes, woodpeckers, chipmunks, opossums, mice, skunks
11 Temperate Deciduous Forest
12 Taiga/Coniferous Forests aka: Taiga Conifers trees that produce seeds in cones; needles; aka: evergreen trees Climate: Precipitation cm of rain or snow/yr. Average temperature summer 14 C, winter -10 C Plants: coniferous trees (Douglas fir, spruce); few large plants Adaptations: Conifers with thick, waxy coverings on leaves = keep them from drying out and protect them from cold winter Animals: squirrels; insects; birds (finches, chickadees, jays); herbivores (porcupines, elk, moose, ); bears; foxes; lynx Migration & hibernation
13 Taiga/Coniferous Forest
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15 Tropical Rain Forests Have more biological diversity that any other place on Earth Climate: Precipitation cm of rain/yr. Average temperature daytime 34 C; nighttime 20 C Warmer than temperate rain forests due to location near the equator Plants: ferns, orchids, tall trees Adaptation: low growing plants that don t need much light Animals: birds (parrots); insects; snakes; frogs; monkeys; lizards canopy tree tops
16 Tropical Rain Forests
17 Temperate Rain Forests Found in New Zealand, southern Chile, & the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. Climate: Precipitation 200 cm 400 cm of rainfall/yr. Avg. temperature 9 C 12 C Plants: trees with needlelike leaves (Douglas fir, cedar, spruce) Animals: black bear; cougar; bobcat; northern spotted owl; amphibians
18 Temperate Rain Forests
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20 Grasslands Also know as: o Steppes (Asia) o Prairies (N. America) o Savannas (Africa) o Pampas (S. America) Found on every continent except Antarctica 2 Types: o Temperate Grasslands o Savannas
21 Temperate Grasslands Climate: Precipitation cm of rain/yr. Average temperature summer 30 C; winter 0 C Plants: grasses; flowering plants; few trees; crops wheat, rye, barley, corn Animals: small, seed-eating animals (prairie dogs & mice); large grass-eaters (bison); kangaroos; cattle & sheep
22 Savannas Climate: Precipitation cm rain/yr. Average temperature dry season 34 C; wet season 16 C Plants: scattered clumps of trees; grasses Animals: large herbivores (elephants, giraffes, zebras, wildebeests)
23 Savanna
24 Grasslands
25 Deserts Driest biome on Earth Climate: Precipitation less than 25 cm of rain/yr. Avg. temperature summer 38 C; winter 7 C Temperature shifts from day to night Ex: Gobi desert in Asia freezing temperatures in the winter Plants: cacti Adaptations grow far apart; shallow roots; store water; waxy-coated leaves Animals: toads, tortoises, kangaroo rat, scorpions, few large animals; reptiles Adaptations nocturnal (active at night); dormant during dry season; store water; big ears
26 Deserts
27 Deserts
28
29 Tundra Cold, dry region; cold desert Climate: Precipitation cm of rain/yr. Avg. temperature summer 12 C; winter - 26 C Slow decomposition due to cold temperatures. 2 Types: Polar tundra Alpine tundra
30 Polar Tundras Found near the North Pole permafrost layer of soil that stays frozen all the time; only the surface thaws Plants: shallow-rooted plants (grasses & small shrubs); mosses; lichens; no trees Animals: insects, migratory birds (ducks, geese, shorebirds & songbirds); hawks; owls; arctic hares; musk oxen; wolves; caribou; reindeer
31 Polar Tundra
32 Alpine Tundra Top of tall mountains Also has permafrost Found above the tree line Gets plenty of sunlight & precipitation
33 Mountains & Ice Mountains can contain many different biomes. Temperature & precipitation change with elevation Ice Usually fits in with the tundra biome
34 Mountains
35 Water Biomes Inside the foldable Illustration of Marine Biome (Ocean) Illustration of Freshwater Biome (Pond Water) Illustration of Estuary 1. What are three abiotic factors that shape marine ecosystems? Explain each. 1. Describe one abiotic factor that affects freshwater ecosystems. 2. Describe: 1. Streams & Rivers 2. Ponds & Lakes 3. Wetlands 1. Marsh 2. Swamp 1. Define estuary 2. Why is an estuary a rich habitat for living things?
36 Marine Biomes Oceans cover almost ¾ of the Earth s surface. Abiotic factors that affect marine ecosystems: Water temperature Water depth Amount of sunlight that passes into the water
37 Marine Biomes Water temperature Decreases as the depth of the water increases Temperatures at the surface zone vary Latitude Time of year
38 Marine Biomes Water temperature Affects the animals that life in marine ecosystems Adaptations to warm or cold water Migration to warmer areas Impacts whether some animals can eat
39 Marine Biomes Water depth and sunlight
40 Estuaries Areas where fresh water from streams and rivers spill into the ocean Fresh water + Salt water Plants and animals must be able to adapt to the changing concentrations of salt. Rich in nutrients Rivers and streams carry silt and nutrient-rich soil
41 Freshwater Biomes An important abiotic factor that affects freshwater biomes is how quickly water moves. Streams & Rivers Plants line the edges of streams & rivers Fish live in open waters Clams & snails live in mud at the bottom Adaptations to fast moving water Algae & moss are attached to rocks Tadpoles & frogs use suction disks to hold onto rocks Insects live under rocks
42 Rivers & Streams
43 Freshwater Biomes Ponds & Lakes Water depth and sunlight are important abiotic factors
44 Ponds & Lakes Littoral zone Sunlight reaches the bottom Plants and algae can grow here Small animals frogs, salamanders, turtles, fish, snakes, snails, insects, clams & worms Open-water zone Top layer of water As deep as sunlight can reach Bass, lake trout, other fishes Photosynthetic plankton Deep-water zone No sunlight Catfish, carp, worms, crustaceans, fungi & bacteria Feed on dead organisms that sink from above
45 Freshwater Biomes Wetlands An area of land that is sometimes underwater or whose soil contains a great deal of moisture Benefits Support many different plants & animals Flood control Replenishing underground water supplies 2 types Marshes Swamps
46 Marshes Treeless wetland ecosystems where plants grow Often found in shallow areas along the shores of lakes, ponds, rivers & streams Plants Grasses, reeds & wild rice Animals Muskrats, turtles, frogs, birds
47 Marshes
48 Swamps Wetland ecosystems in which trees and vines grow Found in low-lying areas and beside slowmoving rivers Plants Willows, bald cypresses, oaks, vines, orchids, water lilies Animals Fishes, snakes, birds
49 Swamps
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