Taxonomy. Branch of Biology dealing with classification and naming of living things

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1 Taxonomy Branch of Biology dealing with classification and naming of living things

2 Species of Organisms There are an estimated 3 to 100 million species of organisms (most agree with 11 million) This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified 2

3 Carolus Linnaeus aka Father of Taxonomy -- Based on structural similarities -- Early classification system: only 2 categories -- Developed naming system used today (binomial nomenclature) ** Origin & Evolution video clip 27-29:19 **

4 Binomial Nomenclature RULES 1. Write using genus and species 2. Capitalize genus, lowercase species 3. Underline OR italicize 4. H. sapiens for short (in text) Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens

5 Criteria for Classification Linnaeus used structural similarities As technology and knowledge changed Biochemical information DNA (genetic information), protein analysis Cytological information-cell structure Embryonic development Behavior

6 Why use scientific names? -More precise/accurate -Universally accepted -Specific to organism

7 Chimp vs Human

8 Chimp Human Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Pongidae Pan troglodytes Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens

9 Binomial Nomenclature Which TWO are more closely related? 9

10 Taxon Levels Taxon (taxa plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups from broadest to most specific

11 Dumb King Phillip Came Over For Gooseberry Soup! 11

12 12

13 Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membranebound organelles 13

14 Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Domains Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membranebound organelles 14

15 Domain: ARCHAEA Probably the 1 st cells to evolve Live in HARSH environments Found in: Thermal or Volcanic Vents (thermophiles) Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) (halophiles) 15

16 ARCHAEAN 16

17 Domain: EUBACTERIA Some may cause DISEASE Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones Important decomposers for environment Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc. 17

18 Live in the intestines of animals 18

19 Domain: Eukarya Divided into Kingdoms Protista (protozoans, algae ) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts ) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals) 19

20 Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic Aquatic 20

21 Multicellular, except yeast Absorptive heterotrophs (digest food outside their body & then absorb it) Cell walls made of chitin Fungi 21

22 Multicellular Autotrophic Plantae Absorb sunlight to make glucose Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose 22

23 Animalia Multicellular Ingestive heterotrophs (consume food & digest it inside their bodies) Feed on plants or animals 23

24 24

25 Taxonomic Keys Tools used to identify organisms already classified by taxonomists a.k.a. dichotomous keys Consist of a series of paired statements that describe alternative characteristics of the organism Statements describe presence or absence of a characteristic/structure

26

27 Smallmouth Bass Scientific classification Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Centrarchidae Genus: Micropterus Species: M. dolomieu Binomial name Micropterus dolomieu

28 Largemouth Bass Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Centrarchidae Genus: Micropterus Species: M. salmoides Binomial name Micropterus salmoides

29 Striped Bass Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Moronidae Genus: Morone Species: M. saxatilis Binomial name Morone saxatilis

30 Many species that are known as basses include: * The Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata, a member of the perch family, Percichthyidae. * The black sea bass, Centropristis striata, a member of the family Serranidae. * The giant sea bass Stereolepis gigas, also known as the black sea bass, a member of the family Polyprionidae. * The Chilean sea bass, Dissostichus eleginoides, more commonly known as the Patagonian toothfish. * The European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax. * The Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides * The Smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui. * The Striped bass, Morone saxatilis * The Spotted bass, Micropterus punctulatus

31 Prokaryote Eukaryote

32 Unicellular

33 Colonial

34 Multicellular-specialized cells/tissues

35 Level of Organization: Cell tissue organ Organ system organism

36 Mode of nutrition Heterotroph Absorption Ingestion Autotroph Photosynthetic / chemosynthetic

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