Nemesia arenifera Bester & H.M.Steyn

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1 Page 1 of 8 Login Register General site search HOME ABOUT PLANTS OF THE WEEK VEGETATION OF SOUTH AFRICA INFORMATION LIBRARY CONTACT Nemesia arenifera Bester & H.M.Steyn Family: Scrophulariaceae Common names: None recorded. Go to Plants of the Week Advanced Search View other plants in this family QR code link View other plants in this genus The newest nemesia, Nemesia arenifera, was described in 2013 as a new species. It has been overlooke was confused with Nemesia viscosa. It grows on sandy soils in the coastal zone of Namaqualand and is a and widespread plant. Diagnostic characters of N. arenifera include the erect, sparsely branched habit, sm flowers, the orientation of the spur, and the densely sticky, glandular hairy indumentum.

2 Page 2 of 8 Description This is an annual, erect herb, with simple or branched stems, mm high. All parts of the plants are except most of the corolla. The leaves are simple, mostly opposite and sessile to shortly petiolate. The bla lanceolate and sparsely toothed. The calyx is 5-lobed, weakly 2-lipped with 2 lobes somewhat broader than the other 3. The flowers are m axils or in lax racemes, up to 80 mm long, small, 5-lobed and strongly 2-lipped with the upper lip 4-lobed lobed, entirely yellow but sometimes with faint magenta streaks on the lower lobe. The tube is very shor

3 Page 3 of 8 into a conical, single spur that is 2 5 mm long and held ± parallel to the pedicel. Stamens are 4, of 2 diffe s-twisted around each other. Capsules are ± oblong-ovoid in outline, mm, laterally compressed with a notched or bi-lobed a Seeds are widely ovate, ± mm, light brown, with wart-like surface and with membranous wings fruiting takes place during August September.

4 Page 4 of 8 Conservation Status Nemesia arenifera currently has a threat status of LC (Least Concern). Despite having a restricted range, i Some of the populations may be declining due to habitat loss because of mining, but this represents a low its full distribution range. Distribution and habitat This species is restricted to the arid coastal dune systems in Namaqualand, Northern Cape Province, Sou from Alexander Bay in the north to Groen River Mouth in the south, at an altitude below 300 m above sea current distribution records, it seems to be a Northern Cape, coastal endemic. It occurs in deep, loose wind-blown sand, ranging from white through yellow to red.

5 Page 5 of 8 This species is known only from the Namaqualand Sandveld Bioregion and Sand Fynbos Bioregion within Karoo and Fynbos Biomes respectively. Winter rains are predominant in these areas between May and Au average of mm per annum. Dense fog, especially in winter, contributes to the precipitation, and fro Derivation of name and historical aspects The genus Nemesia is derived from the ancient Greek name for a similar plant called Nemesion. The spe arenifera ( sand-loving ) is in reference to the affinity of this species for deep, loose, sandy soils. The glan whole plant surface, exude a sticky substance and sand adheres to this, so the plants are mostly literally The genus Nemesia is placed in the snapdragon-family (Scrophulariaceae). It consists of ± 66 species of a perennial herbs of which ± 95% are endemic to southern Africa. Most of the southern African species are Western and Northern Cape, and extend into southern Namibia. Nemesia arenifera does not closely resemble any other Nemesia from southern Africa. Diagnostic charac erect habit, small yellow flowers with the spur carried parallel to the pedicel and the sticky indumentum o arenifera has long been confused with N. viscosa, from which it differs in habit, leaf and floral characters. arenifera, that inhabits the coastal dune systems along the Atlantic Ocean, N. viscosa is restricted to the d the Orange River instead. In N. arenifera, the lower lip of the flower is in line with the spur and parallel to the pedicel the only othe this feature is present is N. rupicola from the high Drakensberg Mountains. Ecology Unlike the relative large flowers of most other Nemesia species, N. arenifera has small flowers, but a sing many flowers. These will probably not attract butterflies, but rather small insects as pollinators. The winged seed (minute versions of Combretum fruit / samara) are adapted for easy distribution by wind establish quickly and in a short time produce enough seed for the seedbank for the next generation, the being relatively short. Uses No medicinal or cultural uses could be traced for this plant. In the natural vegetation, plants are sparsely d evidence of them being grazed has been observed. Growing Nemesia arenifera

6 Page 6 of 8 Nemesia arenifera is an annual and naturally occurs in areas that have relatively low minimum and high m temperatures. It is commercially currently not available, but like other nemesias, may be suited for growin beds or rock gardens, as borders or edging plants or in hanging baskets, containers or window boxes pro drainage is excellent. The genus Nemesia is widely cultivated and numerous cultivars and hybrids are available for displays in Most grow in full sun, but some will also do well in semi-shade. Many species are short-lived bedding pla succession to ensure a long bloom period. The most widely cultivated species are Nemesia strumosa an and their hybrids. Other pure species include N. affinis, N. barbata, N. bicornis, N. caerulea, N. cheiranthu General cultivation notes for Nemesia: Perennials may be grown from cuttings. Annuals best propagated from seed in autumn or early spring. So (to ± bloom in July August) in a sandy mix or in vermiculite in autumn, and water regularly throughout the from below. Germinate in 1 3 weeks to in a temperature of C or longer in cooler areas. Seedlings a transplant, then space them cm apart. Plants are grown easily and flower from a young age. A mix sand provide a good growth mediam. Plants need afternoon shade, good drainage, rich and moist soil wi and watering. Young plants should be pinched back at the tips to promote a bushy growth. Plants are ten areas of mild winters. They flower on average up to 2 months. References Bester, S.P. & Steyn, H.M Nemesia arenifera (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Sandveld, N Province, South Africa, and the lectotypification of N. viscosa. Phytotaxa 126 (1): Bester, S.P., Steyn, H.M. & Von Staden, L Nemesia arenifera Bester & H.M.Steyn. National Assess South African Plants version Accessed on 2015/07/20 Eliovson, S South African wild flowers for the garden. Macmillan, Johannesburg. Eliovson, S The complete gardening book for South Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesbur Fabian, A. & Germishuizen, G Wild flowers of northern South Africa. Fernwood Press, Vlaeberg.

7 Page 7 of 8 Hiern, W.P Nemesia. In W.T. Thiselton-Dyer, Flora capensis 4(2): Reeve, London. Accessed on 20/07/2015. Joffe, P The gardener s guide to South African plants. Tafelberg Publishers, Cape Town. Leistner, O.A. (ed.) Seeds plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia 10. National B Pretoria. Manning, J Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town. Mucina, L. & Rutherford, M.C The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19 National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Van der Spuy, U Die groot veldblomboek vir die tuin. Tafelberg, Cape Town. Koekemoer, M., Steyn, H.M. & Bester, S.P Guide to Plant Families of southern Africa. Strelitzia 31. print. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. Pienaar, K The South African what flower is that? Struik Publishers, Cape Town. S.P. Bester & H.M. Steyn National Herbarium August 2015 Plant Attributes: Plant Type: Bi/Annual SA Distribution: Northern Cape Soil type: Sandy Flowering season: Spring, Early Summer PH: Neutral Flower colour: Yellow Aspect: Full Sun Gardening skill: Average Special Features: Good potplant Pioneer plant Horticultural zones Zone 1 Coastal summer rainfall, frost free Zone 2 Coastal winter rainfall, frost free

8 Page 8 of 8 Zone 3 Winter rainfall Karoo, light frost Zone 4 Summer rainfall Karoo and Highveld, Frost in winter Zone 5 Bushveld summer rainfall, Light frost Rate this article Article well written and informative Rate this plant Is this an interesting plant? No votes yet No votes yet Login to add your Comment Not registered yet? Click here to register. Back to top SA National Biodiversity Institute Copyright Site Map

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