1. Why do you have to breath in

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1 1. Why do you have to breath in O2? 2.Why is hyperventilating bad? 3.Why is it hard to breath on top of a mountain? 4.Why does being at high altitude make you tired?

2 Unit 4 Assessment is on Tuesday December 18 th Sections 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.3 It cannot be taken early LAST DAY TO RETAKE UNIT 3 IS TODAY!! Logistics

3 Describe why ATP is useful for cells

4 Describe why ATP is useful for cells: ATP stores energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate, and ADP can be recycled

5 Describe the process and formula of photosynthesis, including the transfer of energy that occurs

6 Describe the process and formula of photosynthesis, including the transfer of energy that occurs Light dependent and independent reactions 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Sun -> ATP/NADPH -> Glucose

7 Describe the role of pigments in photosynthesis:

8 Describe the role of pigments in photosynthesis: pigments, like chlorophyll, capture energy from sunlight to start the light dependent reactions

9 Explain the function of electron carrier molecules

10 Explain the function of electron carrier molecules: electron carrier molecules (like NADPH) transport electrons from one reaction to another, powering the light independent reactions

11 Describe the light-dependent reactions

12 Describe the light-dependent reactions: 1. Sun excites electrons in water 2. Electons release energy, which is used to make ATP 3. Electrons captured by NADPH 4. O2 is released

13 Describe the light-independent reactions

14 Describe the light-independent reactions: 1. Energy from ATP and NADPH is used to convert CO2 into G3P sugar 2. ADP and NADP+ are recycled 3. G3P is converted into glucose AND SOMETIMES OTHER MOLECULES OF LIFE

15 Describe the factors that affect photosynthesis

16 Describe the factors that affect photosynthesis: 1. Temperature too hot = enzymes denature too cold = root damage 2. Light (energy) 3. Carbon dioxide (matter) 4. Water (matter)

17 Describe where organisms get energy

18 Describe where organisms get energy: Autotrophs make their own (sun) Chemosynthesis (chemicals) Heterotrophs consume other organisms

19 Describe the process and formula of cellular respiration, including the transfer of energy that occurs

20 Describe the process and formula of cellular respiration, including the transfer of energy that occurs Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, ETC C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose -> ATP

21 Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

22 Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration makes glucose, which is needed for cellular respiration

23 Describe glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle

24 Describe glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 1. Molecule breaks (glucose, pyruvic acid) 2. Energy excites electrons, which release energy 3. Energy used to make 2 ATP 4. Electrons captured by NADH and FADH2

25 Explain how the ETC uses high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

26 Explain how the ETC uses high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the ETC

27 Describe how much ATP cellular respiration generates

28 Describe how much ATP cellular respiration generates UP TO 32 Glycolysis: 2 Krebs: 2 ETC: UP TO 28

29 Describe how organisms make energy when no oxygen is available

30 Describe how organisms make energy when no oxygen is available Bacteria and yeast: Alcoholic Fermentation pyruvic acid -> ethyl alcohol + CO2 Animals and bacteria: Lactic Acid Fermentation pyruvic acid -> lactic acid

31 Describe how the body produced ATP during the different stages of exercise

32 Describe how the body produced ATP during the different stages of exercise Short bursts: Long distance:

33 Describe how the body produced ATP during the different stages of exercise Short bursts: lactic acid fermentation Long distance: cellular respiration

34 1. Respiration Lab get checked off 2. Flow of Energy get checked off 3. Tape in to notebook: Optimal Conditions for Photo - pg. 36 Spinach Lab pg. 37 and Cell Resp pg Study To-do:

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