Biology 5094 O Level 2013 Answers Scheme

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1 Biology 5094 O Level 2013 Answers Scheme Paper B C C D D A D C D C C D A A D B C C B D D B A C B B B A B B B B D C C D C B B A

2 Paper 2: Section A Qn Answers Topic Link and Notes for Understanding 1ai P right atrium Q chordae tendineae aii Straightforward labelling of aorta b Blood enters heart through pulmonary vein into left atrium; [1] left atrium contracts, forcing blood; [1] through bicuspid valve into left ventricle; [1] When muscle of left ventricle wall contracts (ventricular systole), bicuspid valve closes; [1] High pressure in left ventricle forces blood into aorta; [1] Semi-lunar valves open as they are forced open by pressure of blood; [1] [Max 4] Transport in Human Chordae tendineae refers to the tendons connecting the valves and the walls of the ventricles Note: Detailed description of ventricular systole required Contraction of the muscle of the ventricle Instead of simply stating that semilunar valve opens, more specific description required; semilunar valve were forced opened by the pressure of the blood in the ventricle this is due to the fact that pressure in ventricle itself rises during systole. ci 0.3s Necessary to state correct units. cii Line 2 2a Translocation refers to the transport of manufactured food; [1] up and down a plant through the phloem; [1] The food is transported in the form of sucrose; [1] c Weedkillers dissolve in water and enter roots of plant; [1] by diffusion through the partially permeable membrane of root hair cell; [1] enters xylem; [1] moves up the stem of the plant by transpiration pull; [1] Leaves the xylem and diffuse into mesophyll cells/chloroplast of leaves; [1] [Max 4] Transport in Plants Note: Food is transported as sucrose in the phloem, not glucose. To exhibit good understanding, reference to phloem instead of loosely using the term food is transported in the plant

3 3a Arteriole or branch of renal artery Excretion Note: Renal Artery is incorrect bi 0.0 and 0.1 bii Protein is present in region P but absent in region R. Proteins are large molecule hence are not pass through the glomerulus into R. [1] Hence they are retained in P to be transported to the glomerular capillaries. [1] biii Glucose is found in Q but absent in R. Glucose is passed into Q through ultrafiltration then selectively reabsorbed by the walls of proximal convoluted tubule and back into its blood capillaries. [1] c ADH cause the cells in the walls of the collecting ducts to be more permeable to water; [1] Increase reabsorption of water from collecting duct (R)into blood capillaries; [1] Resulting in smaller volume of urine which is more concentrated [1] 4a Activation energy refers to the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction bi Boiling tube 1 ph 2 is a suitable ph for the protease to work, [1] causing it to digest the gelatine; [1] to release the silver particles; [1] Do not merely state that protein are too large, more specifically they are large molecules. Clear explanation of action of ADH on the relevant part of nephron is necessary, avoiding vague description such as kidney tubule was more or less permeable Boiling tube 2 and 3 at ph 7 and 10, the protease is denatured; [1] Shape of the active site changes and substrate can no longer fit; [1] No enzyme reaction occurs with the gelatine. [1] bii Temperature of experiment Duration of experiment *any other acceptable answer 5bi Microscopic green plants; Water plants bii Producers are organisms that are able to make their own food; [1] by converting light energy to chemical energy; [1] Producers are the first organisms in a food chain or food web. [1] 6a Individual 1 Bb; [1] Individual 1&2 have offspring 5 who is a homozygous recessive bb, hence both parents possessed at least 1 recessive allele b to pass on to individual 5. Since Individual 1 is brown Ecology Note: Zooplankton is not a producer. Heredity Clear explanation is critical here. Show understanding that alleles are being inherited/pass on instead of

4 eye, he also possessed allele B. merely stating parents genotype. Individual 10 Bb; Individual 10 has a parent (4) who is a homozygous recessive blue eye bb, hence he has inherited an allele b from individual 4. Since he is brown eye, he also has allele B. b 2, 6, 8, 10 c Discontinuous variation 7ai Hormones are chemical messengers; [1] Secreted by endocrine glands; [1] Released into bloodstream; [1] Transported by blood to target organs; [1] Destroyed by the liver [1] Hormones aii As a passageway for milk to move out of breast for feeding babies. b Water and sugar

5 Paper 2: Section B Qn Answers Topic Link and Notes for Understanding 8a bi 700mm bii 14.3 kj per kg per hour biii As the mean body length increases, the mean rate of heat production decreases. c Respiration d Temperature receptor in skin detect rise in temperature; [1] Nerve impulses send to hypothalamus of brain to activate corrective mechanism; [1] Arterioles in skin dilate, shunt vessel constrict, more blood flows in blood capillaries in skin; [1] Sweat gland more active, more sweat produced, more latent heat lost; [1] Metabolic rate decreases; [1] Body temperature is restored to norm

6 9a Transgenic organism refers to any organism that acquires a foreign gene from a different species; [1] For example, bacterial cells with human genes inserted in them; [1] Transgenic organisms are created through the process of genetic engineering; [1] Molecular Genetics b 1. For mass production of insulin as treatment for diabetes; 2. To develop plants that are resistant to pests so that pesticides need not be used; 3. To increase yield of crops, by making them grow larger or faster. 4. To increase nutritional value of crops for consumers health benefit c Temperature; concentration of oxygen; ph; concentration of nutrients 10 Either 10a Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves fusion of a male and a female Does not involve the fusion of gamete gamete to form a zygote Requires two parents Only one parent required Offspring are genetically different Offspring are genetically identical Slower method Relatively quicker method b Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains; [1] from the anthers to the stigmas [1] c 1. For insect pollinated flowers, pollen grains are large with rough surfaces so insect can readily cling onto body of insects. For wind pollinated flowers pollen grains are small with smooth surface so that they are easily blown about by the wind. Sexual Reproduction in Plants Note: Recommended to use a table so that point to point comparison will be clear. Complete sentences will be ideal. Genetically similarity is not synonymous to identical. The former is incorrect. Make clear point to point comparison such as large vs small and smooth vs rough. 2. Nectar guide is present for insect pollinated flowers to guide insects. For wind pollinated flowers nectar guide absent as it is not required.

7 10 Or 10a Transpiration is the loss of water from aerial parts of the plants, mainly through stomata of leaves. [1] Thin film of moisture lining spongy mesophyll cells evaporate and moves into intercellular air spaces; [1] Water vapour diffuse out of the leaves through the stomata into drier air outside; [1] More water evaporates to replace loss of water vapour; [1] creating a force which pulls water up the xylem vessel; [1] This is transpiration pull. [Max 4] bi High humidity of air means concentration of water vapour in the air is high [1] Water vapour concentration gradient between air and intercellular air space of leave is less steep [1] Hence, water vapour diffuse out of leave through stomata at a slower rate [1] Rate of transpiration decrease as plant lose less water [1] bii High temperature of air results in high rate of evaporation of water from spongy mesophyll cell lining into intercellular air spaces; [1] This increases the water vapour concentration gradient between air and in the leaf [1] Water vapour diffuse out of leave though stomata at higher rate [1] hence higher rate of transpiration [1] Transport in Plants

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