Name: Lab section? 1:30 or 3:30 (circle one) FOR 320 Spring 2012 First Hourly Exam Feb 10, 2012

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1 Name: Lab section? 1:30 or 3:30 (circle one) FOR 320 Spring 2012 First Hourly Exam Feb 10, ) (27 pts) On the left are all of the species that we covered in this section of the course. Match the letter of the description of an unknown plant given on the right with the species on the left. Not all of the choices of descriptions will be used, but all species should be represented (only one correct answer per species). A) Understory tree in mesic forest west of the Cascades in Washington; leaves linear, mucronate, alternate and distichous. Ginkgo biloba Araucaria araucana Taxus brevifolia Thuja plicata Thuja occidentalis Calocedrus decurrens Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chamaecyparis thyoides Xanthocyparis nootkatensis B) Tree on the northern California coast; ca. 250 feet tall; leaves linear; ovuliferous cone ca. 1 long with spirally arranged bract/scales C) Tree in the Cascades of southern Oregon; scale-like leaves 4-ranked, decurrent; ovuliferous cones resembling a duck s bill D) Dominant tree in a mesic forest in north Idaho, ca. 175 tall with a buttressed trunk; bark reddish and shredding; leaves scale-like E) Ornamental evergreen tree growing in Seattle; branches whorled; leaves triangular, tough, very sharp, spirally arranged, and persistent from many years forming densely leafy, rope-like branches F) Deciduous tree; leaves linear, opposite; branchlets borne on determinate short shoots G) Ornamental street tree; leaves flabellate, mostly clustered on short shoots; appears to be deciduous H) Tree ca. 50 feet tall in mostly pure stand in freshwater swamp along the Atlantic coast of Virginia; bark gray, shredding; branchlets round, irregularly arranged; leaves scale-like. I) Tree ca. 40 feet tall in swampy area in northern Michigan; scale leaves opposite and decussate, facial leaves with a prominent gland; ovuliferous cones with 8-12 bract/scales J) Ornamental shrub; leaves scale-like, glaucous, tips of laterals appressed to stem on young branchlets; branchlets arranged in sprays; ovuliferous cone globose and unarmed K) Tree ca. 80 feet tall in lowland mixed conifer forest in southeast Alaska; scale-like leaves opposite and decussate; branchlets drooping; ovuliferous cones globose, bract/scales with prominent boss

2 2) (14 pts) Fill in the blanks to make the following statements complete and correct. Plant life cycles are said to exhibit alternation of generations. The transitions from one generation to the next are important stages in the lives of plants. In the plant life cycle, the first cell of the sporophyte generation is called the and is the product of. The first cell of the gametophyte generation is called the and is the product of meiosis. A is a similarity in two or more organisms that can be traced to a common ancestor. A group of species identified by a shared derived similarity is, a group identified by a convergent similarity is, and a group identified by a shared ancestral similarity is. 3) (8 pts) Circle the best answer from the choices available with each question. An ingroup and its sister group make up a(n) a) paraphyletic group b) outgroup c) polyphyletic group d) monophyletic group e) family You have discovered a plant here-to-fore unknown to science. It has characteristics suggesting either Taxaceae or Cupressaceae s.l. Which of the following characteristics absolutely confirms its membership in one of these families? a) absence of a seed cone b) absence of pollen cones c) leaves alternate d) leaves linear e) leaves acicular Thuja plicata and Thuja occidentalis represent two closely-related species that are morphologically very similar, especially as juveniles; however, it is easy to tell the species apart because: a) the bract-scale complex on the seed cones of Thuja plicata have divergent tips b) the bract-scale complex on the seed cones of Thuja occidentalis have divergent tips c) Thuja occidenatlis has prominent glands on facial leaves d) Thuja plicata has prominent glands on facial leaves e) both a) & c) are correct Which of the following families of gymnosperms is restricted to the southern hemisphere? a) Cupressaceae b) Ginkgoaceae c) Taxaceae d) Both b & c are correct e) None of the above are correct

3 4) (15 pts) To complete the timeline of the development of biological classification: FIRST fill in the blanks with the appropriate names of people that have made important contributions to the field of systematics to make each of the statements complete and correct. THEN, match the letter of the contribution with the appropriate place on the timeline. NOTE: Not all of the names will be used, but all descriptions should be represented by one person (only one correct answer per description). PEOPLE: Willi Hennig, Carolus Linnaeus, Charles Bonnet, Charles Darwin, Walter Zimmermann, Ernst Haeckel, Ernst Mayr A) was the first to suggest that biological classifications should be genealogical, reflecting the natural hierarchy of life on earth due to common ancestry. B) formalized the definition of phylogenetic relationship, indicating that two species are more closely related to each other than either is to a third species if and only if they share a more recent common ancestor. C) formalized the concept of homology, which states that similarities among organisms can be traced to a common ancestor. D) was the author of Species Plantarum and introduced the concept of binomial nomenclature. E) formalized the methods used to construct phylogenies and the discipline known as Phylogenetic Systematics. Time

4 5) (10 pts) Answer the questions below about the phylogenetic trees depicted here. A B C D E A E D B C Tree #1 Tree #2 How do relationships among species A-E depicted in these two trees differ? Which one of these groups is paraphyletic in Tree #2? a) Species E,D b) Species E,D,B,C c) Species A,E,D d) Species A,E,D,B,C e) All of the groups in a-d are monophyletic! What is the sister group to species A in Tree #1? a) B + C b) B + C + D + E c) D + E d) B e) B + C + D List all the monophyletic groups having more than one species in Tree #1.

5 6) (12 pts) Briefly contrast the following pairs of terms. NOTE: Your answer MUST include a brief statement of how these terms are similar, as well as how they are different; also, you may supplement your description with an illustration, if you d like. Artificial Classification and Natural Classification Simple Cone and Compound Cone Apophysis and Umbo 7) (6 pts) In this section of the course we covered two species that were described as being mesic disjuncts. Define mesic disjunct and list the two species.

6 8) (8 pts) Traditional classifications recognize Taxodiaceae and Cuppressaceae s.s. as separate families. a) Describe a vegetative feature (and the character state in each group) that was used to treat these two groups as separate families in traditional classifications. b) List one species that is an exception with respect to its traditional classification using this characteristic and explain why. c) Explain why the definition of Cupressaceae has been expanded to include both the traditional Taxodiaceae (indicated by the circled branches on the figure above) and Cupressaceae s.s. (the Callitroid and Cupressoid clades on the tree above) in an expanded monophyletic family Cupressaceae s.l. (NOTE: your answer MUST include the synapomorphy for Cupressaceae s.l.). EXTRA CREDIT (2 pts) What prominent (deceased) scientist s birthday is on February 12 (Sunday)