Resources. Biology EOC Review. ATP, Photosynthesis, Cellular RespiraEon Chapter 4 Pg 100
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1 Textbook Pg Khan Academy Bozman science UCBerkley Brightstorm Classzone.com Resources Biology EOC Review ATP, Photosynthesis, Cellular RespiraEon Chapter 4 Pg 100 1
2 What You Need to Know! You need to understand how ATP is connected with energy transfers within the cell You need to know how photosynthesis and cellular respiraeon are related (that the products of one are the reactants of the other). You need to know the reactants, products and basic funceons of photosynthesis, aerobic, and anaerobic respiraeon. You need to know that photosynthesis stores energy while cellular respiraeon releases energy. ATP 2
3 What type(s) of carbon- based molecules (organic compounds) are the source for most of the energy in the foods you eat? 1. Carbohydrates * 2. Lipids * 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids * Most Important Where is the energy stored in these molecules? The chemical energy is stored in the bonds 3
4 Cell Energy: Cells usable source of energy is called ATP ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate IdenEfy the parts of ATP. Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate Label the ADP Molecule. Adenine Ribose 2 Phosphate groups 4
5 All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds breaking the bond releases the energy When the cell has energy available it can store this energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP ATP is converted into ADP by breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups and releasing energy for cellular processes. Who has more energy ATP or ADP? 5
6 Photosynthesis 6
7 Cell Energy (Photosynthesis and Respira>on) Notes Energy: Energy for living things comes from food. Originally, the energy in food comes from the sun. Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and proests) 7
8 Organisms that CANNOT use the sun s energy to make food heterotrophs Ex: animals and most microorganisms Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which the energy of sunlight is converted into the energy of glucose What type of light do plants absorb? 8
9 Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plants Light absorbing compound is a pigment pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others the color our eyes see is the color that the pigment reflects 9
10 Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids. General formula for photosynthesis: carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 10
11 Let s examine the formula? Endothermic Endo - absorb Exothermic Exo = outside Examples: Photosynthesis MelEng Ice Water VaporizaEon Examples: CombusEon (burning) RusEng NeutralizaEon (combine acids + base = NaCl + H 2 0) 11
12 Diagram Light Reactants H 2 O CO 2 NADP+ ADP + P Light Dependent Reac>on ATP Calvin Cycle NADPH Chloroplast O 2 Products C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose Summary: Light Dependent Reac>on H 2 O is broken down and light energy is stored temporarily in inorganic energy carriers, ATP and NADPH Calvin Cycle energy is transferred from ATP and NADPH to the organic compound glucose 12
13 Cellular RespiraEon Cellular Respira>on: (2 kinds Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiraeon is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circula>on, etc ) 13
14 Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released by cellular respira>on and repackaged into the energy of ATP. 14
15 RespiraEon occurs in ALL cells and can take place either with or without oxygen present. Aerobic Respira>on: requires oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell Total of 36 ATP molecules produced General formula for aerobic respiraeon: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 glucose + oxygen 6 CO 2 + 6H 2O + 36 ATP carbon dioxide + water + energy Human cells contain a specialized structure the mitochondrion that generates energy. 15
16 Diagram Electrons carried in NADH Mitochondria In Cytoplasm Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Summary: 3 steps: 1 st glycolysis 2 nd Krebs cycle 3 rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 16
17 Anaerobic Respira>on: occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and LacEc Acid) Also called fermenta>on Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiraeon Alcoholic fermentaeon occurs in bacteria and yeast Process used in the baking and brewing industry yeast produces CO 2 gas during fermentaeon to make dough rise and give bread its holes glucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP 17
18 Lac>c acid fermentaeon occurs in muscle cells LacEc acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the >ssues causes burning sensa>on in muscles glucose lacec acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP First step in anaerobic respiraeon is also glycolysis Diagram C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose Cytoplasm glycolysis Anaerobic Respira>on Alcoholic fermentaeon Bacteria, Yeast 2 ATP Lac>c acid fermentaeon Muscle cells 2 ATP Aerobic Respira>on 36 ATP Krebs Cycle Mitochondria ETC 18
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