BIOLOGY REVISION SHEET FINAL EXAM TERM-I GRADE 10 Session:

Transcription

1 BIOLOGY REVISION SHEET FINAL EXAM TERM-I GRADE 10 Session: Note: The students should first study from their textbook and then try to solve this revision sheet independently Materials included in the FINAL exam: CHAPTER 3 SECTIONS: 4 & 5 CHAPTER 4 Sections: 1,2 & 3 Textbook Pages: The FINAL exam paper will be on Thursday 6/12/2018 Student Name:..

2 SECTION 3.4 AND 3.5 Q.1: Complete the concept map below about passive transport: Transport across cell membrane Moves... gradient From... to... Moves... gradient From... to... Diffsion Example:... Isotonic... occurs by the help of... includes:... Endocytosis Q.2: Answer the following questions: a. What is a gradient? b. What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a gradient? c. What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse against a gradient?

3 d. Which solution has the highest of particles? e. Which solution has the lowest of water molecules? f. Which solution has the lowest of particles? g. Which solution has the highest of water molecules? h. So, The higher the of dissolved particles in a solution, the the of water molecules in that solution. Q.3: Complete the Y diagram below to compare and contrast the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. Under the heading endocytosis, list the characteristics of endocytosis. Under the heading exocytosis, list the characteristics of exocytosis. At the bottom of the Y, write the characteristics that both processes have in common. Then lightly cross out those characteristics at the top of the Y. Endocytosis Exocytosis Both

4 SECTION 4.1 MAIN IDEA: Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP. Q.1: Put the letter for each of the following six statements into the appropriate list to identify the roles of different types of molecules when they are broken down to make ATP. a. molecules least likely to be broken down b. molecules most commonly broken down c. molecules that store most of the energy in a person s body d. triglyceride yields about 146 ATP e. glucose yields about 36 ATP f. store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates Type of Molecule Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Role in ATP Production 4 calories per mg (4 Calories per gram) 9 calories per mg (9 Calories per gram) 9 calories 4 calories per mg (4 Calories per gram) Q.2: Answer the following questions. a.the prefix tri- means three, and the prefix di- means two. How do these pref ixes tell you the difference between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)? b.the prefix chemo- means chemical, and synthesis comes from a Greek word that means to put together. How do these meanings tell you what chemosynthesis does?

5 SECTION 4.2 Q.1: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis? a. Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars. b. Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane. c. Light breaks down water molecules and releases carbon dioxide. d. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy. 2. What is the term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy? a. decomposer b. producer c. chloroplast d. protist 3. The main light-absorbing molecules found in plant leaves are called a. chloroplasts. b. thylakoids. c. chlorophyll. d. grana. 4. The function of the light-dependent reactions is to a. build sugars. b. capture and transfer energy. c. release carbon dioxide. d. form water molecules. 5. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need a. carbon dioxide. b. oxygen. c. water. d. cellulose. MAIN IDEA: Photosynthetic organisms are producers. 1. Why are some organisms called producers? 2. What is the function of photosynthesis? 3. What is chlorophyll?

6 MAIN IDEA: Photosynthesis in plants occurs in chloroplasts. 4. What are chloroplasts? 5. In which two parts of a chloroplast does photosynthesis take place? 6. What are thylakoids? 7. Write the chemical equation for the overall process of photosynthesis. Then explain what the equation means and identify the reactants, products, and the meaning of the several arrows SECTION 4.3 Q.1: Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following takes place in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? a. Sugars are made. b. Energy is captured. c. Chlorophyll is pumped. d. CO2 is formed. 2. Where do the hydrogen ions for the photosystems of the light-dependent reactions come from? a. sugars b. sunlight c. acids d. water 3. Which phrase best describes the electron transport chain in photosynthesis? a. a chain of photosynthetic proteins located in the stroma b. a collection of enzymes used to make ADP c. a series of proteins located in the thylakoid membrane d. a group of enzymes that carries energy to the Calvin cycle

7 4. In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, a. CO2 enters the Calvin cycle and sugars are made. b. H2O is broken down and oxygen is released. c. NADPH is produced and transferred to photosystem I. d. electrons are energized and used to pump H + ions. 5. What is the relationship between the photosystems and the Calvin cycle? a. The photosystems produce ATP synthase for the Calvin cycle. b. The photosystems transfer hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide to the Calvin cycle. c. The photosystems transfer energy to the Calvin cycle through ATP and NADPH. d. The photosystems build sugars with the carbon dioxide produced by the Calvin cycle. Q.2: Answer the following questions: 1. Overall, what is the function of the light-dependent reactions? 2. What are photosystems? 3. Which molecules carry energy to the light-independent reactions? 4. What is the electron transport chain? 5. The first part of an enzyme s name tells you about its function. All enzymes end with the suffix -ase. What does this information tell you about ATP synthase? 6. What does the word cycle tell you about the chemical reactions of the Calvin cycle? 7.What is the function of the Calvin cycle?

8 Q.3: Fill in the sequence diagram below to follow the seven steps of the light-dependent reactions. Using the diagram on the next page, put each letter from the statements below into a box to show the seven steps of the light-dependent reactions. a. ATP synthase produces ATP. b. Chlorophyll (in the thylakoid membrane) absorbs energy from sunlight, and energized electrons enter the electron transport chain. c. Energized electrons leave the electron transport chain and are used to produce NADPH. d. Energy from electrons in the transport chain is used to pump hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane. e. Hydrogen ions flow through a channel coupled to ATP synthase. f. More energy is absorbed and transferred to electrons. g. Water molecules are broken down. Oxygen is released as waste and electrons enter chlorophyll.

9 Q.4: Fill in the cycle diagram to summarize the four steps of the Calvin cycle: Using the diagram down, put the letter from each of the following statements into the appropriate box to show the four steps of the Calvin cycle. a. A three-carbon molecule exits the cycle. Other three-carbon molecules stay in the cycle. b. Carbon dioxide is added to the Calvin cycle. c. Energy is used to convert the remaining three-carbon molecules into five-carbon molecules. d. Energy is used to split six-carbon molecules. Three-carbon molecules are formed and rearranged. e. When two three-carbon molecules have left the cycle they bond to form a six-carbon sugar (glucose).