GE Consumer & Industrial Lighting. Lighting for growth. Lamps and lighting for horticulture

Transcription

1 GE Consumer & Industrial Lighting Lighting for growth Lamps and lighting for horticulture

2 Extending daylight Growth and development of plants and vegetables is strongly influenced by the quality and amount of light they receive, and the cycle of day and night. Artificial lighting therefore plays a significant role in the horticultural industry, where it enables producers to extend and control the periods of plant growth. GE horticultural lamps allow growers to be less reliant on daylight and improve their productivity. GE lamps enable lighting regimes that assist the natural cycles of plants GE horticultural lamps are colour balanced for growth and shape PAR Photosynthesis Active Radiation (PAR, measured in micromole/sec) is essential for plant growth. GE Lucalox PSL (PhotoSynthesis Light) high pressure sodium lamps are designed to produce the best possible PAR performance and this performance is covered by warranty. Spectral range PAR in relation to wavelength. Plants respond to light of varying colour. In general, red light causes plants to become tall and leggy while blue light, when used alone, can cause low, stocky growth. A proper balance of red and blue energy produces plants that have normal growth and shape. Relative sensitivity. Wavelength nm Plants have different sensitivity to different wavelengths.

3 Effect of spectral range GE lighting for fruit and vegetables UV-B - nm Deleterious for growth. UV-C - nm Might have additive effect to blue radiation. BLUE - nm Necessary for elongation control. GREEN - nm Less important in photosynthesis than red spectral range for certain plants. RED - nm Optimisation is necessary because unoptimised red portion will cause abnormal development. IR (Far-red) - nm Enhancement of flowering & stem elongation. Research Examples Cucumber Blue only or green only irradiation did not cause development. Optimal growth was found when the irradiation of the plants contained -% blue irradiation, rest of the spectrum was balanced with green and red irradiation. Tomato High productivity requires the dominance of the nm-nm red part in irradiation spectrum. Saturation of the crop yield was achieved with -% red irradiation, the rest of the spectrum was balanced by blue and green irradiation. Reference: Prikupets & Tikhomirov, proceedings of Int. Lighting in controlled environments workshop, Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin,, p Growers of food plants find artificial light just as important as it is for flowering plants. Artificial light can improve the yield of a crop, and its quality. And, as with flowering plants, it enables growth to be timed to meet market demands. When an artificial lighting regime is applied to food crops, these are some of the benefits: Plants can be used for over a longer period In winter, fruit can be produced with taste to match summer fruit Production can start earlier Year-round cultivation is possible It is therefore possible for growers to enhance product quality and take advantage of marketing opportunities throughout the year.

4 Nature s rhythms Photoperiodism The relative length of day and night and the seasons is important to plants. The number of hours of darkness in a -hour cycle is an important factor in determining blossoming and growing time. Night length triggers seed germination, tuber and bulb formation, and other growth characteristics such as colour, enlargement of leaves and stem size and shape. This rhythmic characteristic is called photoperiodism and is of great value to growers. Plants can be classified according to photoperiodicity. Short-day (long-night) Long-day (short-night) Indeterminate or day-neutral The perennial Chrysanthemum and the Poinsettia, which flower in the autumn, are examples of short-day (long-night) plants. They fail to flower when the day length, or period of light, is extended beyond a critical value. Long-day plants, such as the China Aster and Tuberous Rooted Begonia, flower only with a day length longer than a critical value. Day-neutral plants, such as the Rose and Carnation are not limited by photoperiod. Understanding these principles enables commercial growers to use artificial light profitably, so that flowering and vegetable harvesting can be timed for markets. GE lamps can: Supplement daylight Extend day length Extend growing season Completely replace daylight Setting the clock Artificial light can be used in a variety of lighting regimes. The main ones are: As an additional daytime source of light, boosting existing light levels and aiding photosynthesis. As a means of extending the growth time per day. Lights can be switched on at dusk or other non daylight hours. As an extension to the growing season through usage during the winter months. As a complete natural light substitute for total environmental control in growing rooms and biological research establishments.

5 Putting light into action Short day length Plant colour and leaf formation The Perennial Chrysanthemum is a short day length plant that will not flower when the day is long (short night). To postpone flowering, Chrysanthemum growers, instead of lengthening the day, interrupt the night for about four hours. This makes the night appear short to plants, which then continue to grow vegetatively instead of starting to flower. A more economical method of postponing flowering of chrysanthemums is to apply cycles of light, switching light on for minutes and off for minutes, for four hours during the night, instead of applying light continuously. This is cyclic lighting. It is an effective way of growing flowers. If lighting levels are higher then the grower will see better stem and flower quality and less opportunity for disease. Photoperiod also influences plant responses such as colour and formation of the leaves. Coleus, for example, under continuous lighting, produces dark red leaves with bright green edges. Less than hours of light per day results in less sturdy plants and paler colours. The tulip bulb is the main source of food reserve, and the light is needed mainly to develop the plants green colour. Stems attain their greatest length if grown under lighting. Long day length The China Aster is a typical long-day (short-night) plant. Long-day plants can be brought to flower ahead of the normal time by lengthening the day. Relatively low intensities of light are enough to induce flowering, when applied early in the morning or at the end of the day. A dark-period interruption - from a few minutes to a few hours - as with other long-day plants, effectively induces flowering just as it inhibits flowering of short-day plants. Poinsettias must have complete and continuous darkness for about hours a day in order to flower. Even minute of light in the middle of the dark period will prevent their flowering. Tuberous Begonias flower only when daily dark periods are short - less than hours, but they require long dark periods for best production of tubers. Flowering of tomatoes, however, is not influenced by photoperiod.

6 GE lamp range GE High Intensity Discharge (HID), incandescent and fluorescent lamps all have uses in horticulture. HID lamps can be used for large area lighting either as a supplement or total replacement for daylight. Standard incandescent lamps are usually used for cyclic lighting both in greenhouses and outdoors. Linear fluorescent lamps may be used to propagate bedding plants in bench greenhouses. Compact fluorescent lamps can also be used, mounted vertically, base up, in between plants. HID lamps HID lamps can be used for large area lighting either as a supplement or total replacement for daylight. High Pressure Sodium (HPS) Specially developed for greenhouses, GE s Lucalox TM PSL high pressure sodium (HPS) range offers the twin benefits of stable lumen maintenance and a full spectrum content that promotes photosynthesis. Lucalox TM PSL lamps provide an average % additional PAR. Lucalox PSL developed for greenhouse use Other solutions include fluorescent and incandescent HPS CMH Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) GE CMH lamps also have many benefits for horticulturalists. With a stronger blue light content, they favour seeding and vegetative growth. They can be used in a mixed scheme in which HPS and CMH are switched or combined to give growers maximum control over their crop. They have excellent lumen maintenance characteristics.

7 Other lighting solutions Standard incandescent lamps are usually used for cyclic lighting both in greenhouses and outdoors. These lamps supply the relatively low levels of light needed, installation costs are low, and light is rich in the red energy to which plants are sensitive for photoperiodic response. Fluorescent lamps may be used to propagate bedding plants in bench greenhouses. Mounted under the benches, they furnish light energy for propagation in areas that might otherwise be used only for storage. Fluorescent lamps may also be used to extend day length in small greenhouses. Mixed regimes For accurate control of periodicity and cycling, lamp types can be mixed. For example, high intensity discharge lamps in overhead luminaires can be used to promote growth, with incandescent lamps added for photoperiodic or cyclic control. Guaranteed performance GE lighting is constantly engaged in the global quality process. A statistical quality system, designated SIX SIGMA, is applied in all areas of the company from manufacturing through to sales. Warranty GE offers warranties to distributors of its GE brand V --W and V - W Lucalox PSL (PhotoSynthesis Light) High Pressure Sodium lamps. The lamps comply with the IEC/EN standards, and are in accordance with the specifications set out in the GE Consumer & Industrial - Lighting Spectrum Lamp catalogue, and in the Lucalox PSL, PhotoSynthesis Light Lamp brochure. The warranty comprises two parts: Warranty on Lamp Reliability (Lamp Survival) Warranty on PAR (Photosynthesis Active Radiation) Maintenance

8 Lucalox TM PhotoSynthesis Lamp Specially developed for greenhouses, Lucalox TM PSL high pressure sodium lamps offer the benefits of stable lumen and micromole maintenance and a full spectrum content that promotes photosynthesis. Photosynthesis Active Radiation (PAR, measured in micromole/sec) is essential for plant growth. Lucalox TM is available in three power strengths, W, W and W. Leading Technology Simple light or lumen maintenance is not enough to create plant growth. Plants require a certain radiation level to help with photosynthesis. The Lucalox PSL lamp has been specially developed to provide stable lumen maintenance and increased PAR output. Radiation (PAR) Measured in micromole/sec, the increased PAR output of the Lucalox XO PSL lamp best simulates natural daylight to maintain plant growth under artificial lighting conditions. The PAR value of -W Lucalox TM PSL products is on average % higher than the standard GE Lucalox TM products. Reliability (%) Relative PAR maintenance (%) High performance As well as the scientific Fluorescent technology dataof light output, reliability and performance have also been key Lumen factors maintenance in the development of the Lucalox PSL lamp range. Robust construction, reliable starting technology and improved lumen maintenance % ensure peace of mind Life (thousand hours) against early lamp failures and provide the Typical PAR maintenance consistency demanded for perfect growing conditions. LU/W/PSL LU/W/PSL LU/W/PSL Plant sensitivity curve PSL data Typical lamp survival Life (thousand hours) Wavelength (nm) Relative Sensitivity Packed for profit Bulk Pack Top Marking All lamps are available in a time-saving Voltage and wattage are clearly marked bulk pack for easy installation on site on the tops of lamps to ensure correct and transporting used lamps to recycling installation - especially important with centres. The sturdy recycled cardboard the increased use of V systems. Operating hours (thousand hours) pack has carrying handles, and is provided at no extra cost. % Operating hours (thousand hours) Lamp survival rate Standard Packing: lamps/box, boxes/pallet LUV/W/PSL LUV/W/PSL Plant sensitivity curve hrs cycle hrs cycle Wavelength (nm) Relative Sensitivity Relative PAR maintenance (%) Typical PAR maintenance Life (thousand hours)

9 PSL data Specially developed for greenhouses Provide an average % additional PAR (Photosynthesis Active Radiation) Stable lumen maintenance Full spectrum Photosynthesis active W, W and W PSL technology Superb performance and high reliability GE s advanced sodium resistant ceramic helps eliminate early failures to give a rated service life of, hours for the Lucalox TM PSL products. In order to achieve maximum performance, GE recommends lamp replacement when the Rated Service Life is reached. The lamps use extra rugged monolithic arc tubes equipped with GE Reliable Starting Technology which provides continuous high performance. High xenon-fill gas delivers: extra light and PAR (Photosynthesis Active Radiation) output. more resistance to mains voltage fluctuations. Zirconium gettering system improves PAR maintenance that drives constant and uniform plant growth. The diameter of the frame wire in the lamp has been minimised to reduce shading in the installation without affecting the robustness of the lamp. Monolithic arc tube construction for durability and lumen maintenance. Photometric data LUW/PSL, % LUW/PSL Life, (thousand hours) Reliability (%) LUV/W/PSL Typical PAR maintenance, LUV/W/PSL, Lamp / Watts Volts Current Power V A W LUW/PSL. LUW/PSL. LUW/PSL. Life (thousand hours) LUV/W/PSL. Relative PAR maintenance (%) Typical lamp survival LU/W/PSL LU/W/PSL LU/W/PSL Plant sensitivity curve Wavelength (nm) LUV/W/PSL LUV/W/PSL Plant sensitivity curve hour Lumens LUW/PSL, hour PAR μmole/ sec LUV/W/PSL. Depending on system conditions, lamp power can vary by ±.% Spectral power distribution - V PSL Wavelength (nm) Relative Sensitivity Relative Sensitivity % L L P Spectral power distribution - V PSL

10 Other lighting solutions GE s extensive lamps range includes many products which offer advantages to horticulture. These include incandescent reflector lamps, fluorescent tubes and metal halide. Qualities such as energy efficiency and long life are inherent in all GE lamps. However, there are other features that are beneficial to both horticultural luminaire manufacturers and to users. Following is a selection of product highlights. However, there are many more and we will be pleased to advise about specific requirements. T linear fluorescent Linear fluorescent lamps are available in a wide range of sizes, wattages and colours, including daylight. The T range, at just mm diameter, delivers the light of much larger wattage systems and make use of GE s Starcoat coating to provide unrivalled colour rendering and lumen maintenance. (CRI and lumen maintenance, % at % rated life.) PSL data The operating cost of these lamps is relatively low and their Rated Average Life is Typical lamp survival, hours. Reliability (%) Relative PAR maintenance (%) effectively. Fluorescent data Lumen maintenance Lumen maintenance % % Life (thousand hours) Typical PAR maintenance Operating hours (thousand hours) Lamp Operating survival hours rate (thousand hours) Lamp survival rate Standard hrs hrs % cycle cycle Life (thousand hours) Available in two ranges, optimised for either efficiency or output Up to lumens per Watt High output range Up to lumens Both ranges offer: Peak lumen output at C for optimum light output within fittings Designed for HF operation: higher lamp efficacy and lower ballast losses Starcoat Increased visible light Starcoat alumina reflective coating % less glass and phosphor than T tubes Pure triphosphor coating Starcoat is a proprietary coating technology developed by GE for its fluorescent products. It eliminates the need for lower quality halophoshpor coating by reflecting the UV light more Operating hours (thousand hours) Compact fluorescent BIAX compact fluorescent lamps have the size advantage of incandescent lamps with the energy saving and life benefits of fluorescent. % of the energy consumption of incandescent lamps Up to times longer life than incandescents Variety of shapes and sizes, including reflector version LU/W/PSL LU/W/PSL LU/W/PSL Plant sensitivity curve Relative Sensitivity LUV/W/PSL LUV/W/PSL Plant sensitivity curve Relative Sensitivity

11 Incandescent GE incandescent lamps have been developed and researched over a century and the current range represent stateof-the-art lamps for commercial and residential applications. Incandescent lamps are commonly available in a large variety of size, shape, colour and wattage. Long Life GLS lamps up to hours are available from to Watts. Extra Long Life GLS lamps up to - hours are available in and Watts. Reflector Lamps A full range of reflector lamps in a variety of sizes with up to hours life including neodymium reflectors. T linear fluorescent BIAX compact fluorescent Incandescent

12 Product data Lucalox PSL clear tubular V and V Lamp / Watts A Max. length B Arc gap C LCL D Diameter (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Cap Bulb glass Operating position Standard product code () Bulk product code () LUW/PSL E/ Hard Universal LUW/PSL E/ Hard Universal LUW/PSL E/ Hard Universal LUV/W/PSL E/ Hard Universal LUV/W/PSL E/ Hard Universal For full details of all other GE lamps, visit or see the Spectrum lamp catalogue. General Electric Company and General Electric are registered trademarks of General Electric Company. GE Lighting is constantly developing and improving its products. For this reason, all product descriptions in this brochure are intended as a general guide, and we may change specifications from time to time in the interest of product development, without prior notification or public announcement. All descriptions in this publication present only general particulars of the goods to which they refer and shall not form part of any contract. Data in this guide has been obtained in controlled experimental conditions. However, GE Lighting cannot accept any liability arising from the reliance on such data to the extent permitted by law. contact@lighting.ge.com Or contact your local GE sales office. Horticulture- English -