SOBA Bee School April, 2015
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1 SOBA Bee School April, 2015
2 Bee Girl - University of Montana, Missoula - Iridovirus and Microsporidian Linked to CCD - Sonagraphic analysis of hive health - Pesticide effects - Bomb sniffing bees - OLLI
3 The Bee Girl mission is to inspire and empower communities to conserve bees and their habitat.
4 Beekeeping Education // Honey Bee Conservation
5 PRESENT ACTIVITIES Kids and Bees Beekeeping Workshops Farming for Bees Initiative Public Education Next Generation Beekeepers Initiative Bees and Honey!
6 APPLYING BASIC BEE BIOLOGY AKA - BEEKEEPING
7 APIS MELLIFERA = WESTERN HONEY BEE
8 HOW DOES APIS MELLIFERA HAVE SUCH AN EXPANSIVE RANGE? Thermoregulation Honey stores
9 NATIVE RANGE OF APIS MELLIFERA BEES ARE CLOSELY TIED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT, AND HAVE ADAPTED TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL REGIONS (none of them in North America) Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: Apis Species: A. mellifera
10 ARE BEES ANIMALS?
11 WHAT DO ANIMALS NEED? Colony can weigh about 10 lbs picture a small dog Water Shelter Food Medicine
12 EUSOCIAL INSECTS Individual Organisms and a Super Organism
13 INDIVIDUAL BEE = ORGANISM COLONY = SUPER ORGANISM
14 GOAL OF THE ORGANISM (INDIVIDUAL BEE)= SURVIVE, AID IN COLONY REPRODUCTION
15 GOALS OF THE SUPER ORGANISM (COLONY) Survive (get enough food to make it through the winter) Reproduce
16 INDIVIDUAL BEE BIOLOGY The best beekeepers will Learn how to think like a bee Learn why bees are the most amazing creatures ever!
17 POP QUIZ! Do bees have bones? Exoskeleton of chitin - glucose polymer, covered in wax Don't lose water, and don't grow Do bees have blood? Open circulatory system - no veins - hemolymph Do bees have lungs? Breathe through a complex structure of network of tracheas and air sacs Do bees have brains? pretty sophisticated - sensory input and processing, short term and long term memory formation.
18 WORKER BEES: MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT days since egg-laying
19 THREE MAJOR PARTS: HEAD, THORAX, ABDOMEN Head = Sensory Thorax = Locomotion Abdomen = Digestion and other business
20 HEAD Think about all the types of information that they receive and process. * Bees do not process the world the same way that we do understanding how they perceive and respond to their environment is imperative to their care What is it like inside a bee hive? Hive is dark - smell and touch are very important
21 HEAD Antennae s of sensory organs - for touch, smell and taste, even kind of hear - sensing air movement Mouth parts - combined both mandibles and a proboscis - Can chew and suck (grasshoppers can chew, moths can suck)
22 HEAD - EYES Two compound eyes - individual cells - light focusing elements (rods and cones) and light sensing cells (retina) Don't see high resolution images like our eyes, but a mosaic image - good for motion detection. Three simple eyes - ocelli don't focus but provide information about light intensity. See different parts of the spectrum why is this important?
23 THORAX Thorax - Center for locomotion Spiricles for letting in air 2 pairs of wings 3 pairs of legs
24 THORAX - WINGS Wings 2 pairs hooked together Powered by two sets of muscles in the thorax Longitudinal and vertical Fulcrum like structure at base Flight muscles can contract several times on a single nerve impulse Winter- detach wings and contract muscles for heat
25 THORAX - LEGS Very versatile Claws good grip on rough surfaces Soft pad walk on smooth surfaces (glass) Pollen basket Front legs special structure for cleaning antennae
26 ABDOMEN Sting only external structure Has barbs prevents pulling out breaks off and left behind Part of digestive system The sting, venom gland, and muscles will work autonomously to pump venom into the victim Alarm pheromone released mark victim
27 ABDOMEN - DIGESTIVE TRACT Esophagus Crop (honey stomach) Can expand (nearly ½ abdomen in successful forager) Proventriculous valves and teeth remove pollen grains in nectar and stop backflow of food Midgut (stomach) Malpighian tubules function like kidney Removes nitrogen waste (uric acid crystals) Intestine / rectum Expandable - chitin layer can hold it.
28 GLANDS - WAX Workers 6-12 days old can produce wax scales Workers chew them and add saliva becomes more whitish
29 COLONY / SUPER ORGANISM BIOLOGY
30 COLONY / SUPER ORGANISM BIOLOGY Worker Queen Drone
31 HONEY BEES CASTE SYSTEM
32 THE COLONY 21 Days from Egg to Adult Worker The Everybee
33 Age-Related Activities of Workers First 2 days: cell cleaning 3-10 days: queen care nursing (feeding young) wax work days: wax work nectar processing guarding undertaking days foraging (water, nectar, pollen, propolis) colony defense
34 THE COLONY 24 Days from Egg to Adult Gets Down to Business. And That s it. Drone The Gigolo
35 THE COLONY Days from Egg to Adult Lays up to 2,000 Eggs in a Day Lays about 200,000 Eggs in a Year Lays about ½ Million in Her Lifetime Average Lifespan is 2-3 Years Only Bee Who Can Lay Female Eggs The Queen Mother One of a Kind
36 QUEEN REPRODUCTION Supersedure Swarm Emergency
37 QUEEN REPRODUCTION Supersedure Mated Queen Lays in Queen Cups Workers Ball Mated Queen Before Virgin Queen Emerges Daughter Queen Fights Mated Queen Rare Coexistence
38 QUEEN REPRODUCTION Swarm Plethora of Resources & Bees Mated Queen Lays in Queen Cups (edges of brood) Slows Down Laying 10 Days Before Virgin Queen s Emergence Matted Queen Leaves with 41-80% of the Colony Virgin Queens Fight it Out
39 QUEEN REPRODUCTION Emergency Beekeeper Error Disease or Pest Mortality Event Workers Draw Out a Worker Bee Cell
40 The Queen Mother The Coronation THE COLONY
41 QUESTIONS?
42
28 3 Insects Slide 1 of 44
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