WHAT IS SCIENCE? Chapter 1. Key concept: What is the goal of science?

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1 WHAT IS SCIENCE? Chapter 1 Key concept: What is the goal of science?

2 SCIENCE: Is an Uses to events Collects and organizes Deals only with Looks for patterns and organized method evidence connections explain information natural world Image from:

3 Scientists: propose explanations that can be TESTED by examining evidence

4 not just facts Science is but a WAY OF KNOWING Because of new tools, techniques, & discoveries, our understanding of science is. ALWAYS CHANGING

5 AIDS Global warming Renewable fuels Alternative energy Stem Cell Research Cancer Endangered species Bird flu Cloning Nuclear power Pollution Our understanding of science is essential in making intelligent decisions about a wide variety of issues that affect our lives.

6 BIOLOGY The science of LIFE = = Study of living things Image from: Bacteria

7 Characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS 1.Made of cells 2. Reproduce 3. Based on a universal genetic code 4. Grow and develop 5. Obtain & use materials & energy 6. Respond to their environment 7. Maintain a stable internal environment 8. As a group, change over time

8 ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: CELL Made of cells The is the. basic unit of life

9 ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: UNICELLULAR Made of cells organisms are made of only 1 cell bacteria (Ex: ) Image from:

10 ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: Made of cells MULTICELLULAR organisms BEGIN as ONE CELL but as adults are MADE OF MANY CELLS Ex: ( a human a tree ) Images from:

11 ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce SEXUAL REPRODUCTION combines the genetic material from 2 parents sperm + egg = baby Seen in animals and plants Family image from:

12 ALL LIVING THINGS Reproduce ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION makes a new organism using the genetic material from ONLY 1 PARENT Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals Planaria animation:

13 All living things share a universal genetic code Hereditary material = DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID Segment of DNA with PROTEIN instructions for one is called a. GENE Image from:

14 ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell SINGLE CELLED organisms, like a bacterium, grow by INCREASING in SIZE.

15 ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop Image by Riedell Image from: Multicellular organisms grow bigger by increasing cell size AND. increasing cell number

16 MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don t just contain MANY CELLS but many DIFFERENT KINDS of cells with DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS Image from:

17 The PROCESS OF CHANGING EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS into different looking ADULT cells doing different jobs = DIFFERENTIATION Image from:

18 All cells have the SAME DNA... different what makes them is WHICH GENES TURNED ON or OFF are See end of show for image sources

19 It s like having a whole library full of books, but reading only the books that are important to you.

20 ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy To,organisms grow and develop need a constant supply of BUILDING MATERIALS & ENERGY! This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGY in the food it eats to make more sheep

21 ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy AUTOTROPHS use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food Image from: Ex: GREEN PLANTS use to photosynthesis turn into glucose

22 ALL LIVING THINGS Take in Materials & Use Energy HETEROTROPHS get their energy by consuming other organisms Ex: Animals (including you) and most bacteria Image from:

23 The combination of all the chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes = metabolism

24 ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A signal to which an organism responds = STIMULUS Image from:

25 ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment Image from: A stimulus can be EXTERNAL Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward. Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up.

26 Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry. ALL LIVING THINGS Respond to their environment A stimulus can be INTERNAL

27 VOCAB WORD A cell works to keep conditions inside the cell constant = HOMEOSTASIS IF temperature, water content, nutrients, acidity change too much... the cell will die.

28 HOMEOSTASIS involves internal FEEDBACK mechanisms If body temp drops too low, shivering produces heat to warm you up. If temp is too hot, sweating cools you down.

29 HOMEOSTASIS Drinking a BIG GULP increases the amount of water in your body Your next stop gets rid of the excess water. (OSMOREGULATION)

30 ALL LIVING THINGS as a group, change over time EVOLUTION = Allows survival of species in a changing world

31 SOURCES Muscle: RBC: Nerve: Bone: Cheek:

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