Animal Kingdom Characteristics

Transcription

1 ANIMAL KINGDOM

2 Animal Kingdom Characteristics 1. No Cell Wall 2. Symmetry 3. Body Symmetry 4. Heterotrophic and Motility 5. Survival Behavior and Adaptations 6. Diploid Reproduction 7. Multicellular formation

3 1. Absence of a Cell Wall * All cells have a cell membrane * Animals DO NOT have a cell wall Only plants do

4 The Animal Cell Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Lysosome Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Cell Membrane Vesicle Cytoplasm Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

5 Multicellular Animal Cell Parts 1. Nucleus Control center; DNA production 2. Vesicle Storage sac for food and water 3. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell; cellular respiration

6 Which of the following is true? A. All cells are multicellular meaning they have more than one cell. B. Animals have a cell membrane, not a cell wall. C. Animals have a cell wall and a nucleus. D. Animals cell are diploid which is another term for having 2 cells.

7 Multicellular Animal Cell Parts 4. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance for cell structure and organelle support 5. Cell Membrane allows passage of molecules and protection 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum transport of RNA and proteins * Rough = with ribosomes * Smooth = No ribosomes

8 Multicellular Animal Cell Parts 7. Ribosome makes proteins; found on the ER and in the cytoplasm 8. Lysosome digestion enzymes 9. Golgi Apparatus packaging and transport of proteins

9 Multicellular Animal Cell Parts 10. Chromatin DNA genetic information 13. Nucleolus produces ribosomes

10 The mitochondira provides energy for the cell. A. True B. False

11 Which organelle is not matched correctly? A. Nucleus the boss of the cell B. Golgi Apparatus transports proteins around C. Mitochondrion powerhouse of the cell providing energy D. Lysosomes help provide support to all of the organelles

12 2. Symmetry Body symmetry -body plan of an animal; how its arranged 1. asymmetry no pattern 2. radial symmetry Ex. corals & sponges shaped like a wheel Ex. starfish & jellyfish 3. bilateral symmetry - has a right and left side Ex. humans, insects, cats

13 3. Body Symmetry *Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head with sensory organs) *Sides of the bilateral symmetrical animal: a. anterior - toward the head b. posterior toward the tail c. dorsal back side d. ventral belly side Segmentation advanced animals Ex. humans are segmented ribs and spine Earthworms

14 4. Nutrition * HETEROTROPHIC * do not produce their own food

15 4. Motility * The ability to move Animals are capable of movement at some stage in their lives due to muscles

16 An autotroph must make its own food, where a heterotroph must obtain its own food. A. True B. False

17 Which of the following represents radial symmetry accurately? A. When there is no symmetry or equal such as a sponge. B. When symmetry is the same all the way around like a human. C. When symmetry is equal on both sides like a dog. D. When symmetry is the same all the way around like a starfish.

18 Are humans cephalized? A. Yes B. No

19 5. Survival Behavior and Adaptations Migration moving to warmer climates for food Warning Coloration Mimicry when a nonpoisonous organisms mimics the warning colors of poisonous organism Camouflage blending in with environment for survival King Coral

20 If you are looking at the dorsal side of fish, where are you looking? A. The back side B. The belly side C. The right side D. The head region

21 6. Diploid Reproduction 2 types: Asexual or Sexual 1. Asexual - one parent, offspring and parent =identical a. Regeneration fragmentation and re-growth Ex. sponges, starfish b. Budding growth of a clone and release Ex. hydra

22 Reproduction 2. Sexual 1 haploid egg + 1 sperm (2 parents) producing a diploid zygote a. Hermaphrodite -animals that produce both egg and sperm, have both sexes, but still have to have a mate Ex. flatworm, sea slugs

23 Reproduction Zebra fish b. External fertilization -sperm is released and male fertilizes outside of female Ex. Fish c. Internal fertilization sperm and egg join within the female body Ex. Human, birds

24 Which of these men were the first to see a cell? A. Anton Van Leewenhoek B. Robert Hooke C. Matthais Schledein D. Rudolf Virchow

25 Which of the following represent asexual reproduction? A. Hermaphrodite B. External Fertilization C. Regeneration D. Internal Fertilization

26 7. Multicellular formation --many cells working together to carry out life processes * Main purpose of animal cell = synthesis of proteins)

27 Blastula (tissue) Formation the beginning of every multicelled organism 1. Blastula hollow ball of cells 2. Gastrula the blastula pinches inward, now an embryo

28 Blastula Formation * 3 distinct layers: 1. Ectoderm -outer layer of skin 2. Endoderm -inner lining (digestive tract) 3. Mesoderm -middle layer: skeleton, muscles

29 The harmless king snake has the same coloring as the poisonous coral snake. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the success of this adaptation? A. The food supply is limited B. Predators avoid eating the king snake C. King snakes need to survive the changing season D. King snakes must compete for a mate

30 Before the embryo can turn into a zygote, the gastrula must pinch inward forming the blastula. A. True B. False

31 What is the blastula? A. A hollow ball of cells. B. An embryo ready to be born. C. Only skeletal tissue. D. A zygote.

32 Animal Body Systems 1. Digestion and Excretion 2. Respiration 3. Circulation 4. Nervous 5. Skeletal

33 System Digestion Respiration Circulation Nervous Skeletal

34 Digestion and Excretion * The removal of wastes from the body ~break down food into nutrients used by cell -Digestive tract (gut) two openings (one for food intake, one for waste expelling)

35 Respiration * Taking in oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide 1. Diffusion across moist surface Ex. earthworms, frogs 2. Gills in aquatic animals 3. Lungs in terrestrial animals

36 Circulation * How oxygen and nutrients are transported throughout body

37 Nervous * Coordinates body activities * Neurons- nerve cells that send impulses

38 Skeletal * How the body maintains its shape; support a. Hydrostatic skeleton -water pressure Ex. jellyfish, worms b. Exoskeleton -outside skeleton Ex. insects and crabs c. Endoskeleton inside skeleton Ex. vertebrates

39 Which system is used to help move blood throughout the body? A. Circulatory B. Respiratory C. Digestive D. Skeletal

40 The respiratory system A. Cannot work unless you have lungs B. Works in many vertebrates but not invertebrates C. Is used to get rid of waste in the body D. Can work with gills, lungs or diffusion through your skin

41 Neurons are made from nerve cells. A. True B. False

42 Do invertebrates have a backbone? A. Yes B. No

43 The Breakdown of the Animal Invertebrates Kingdom Vertebrates

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45 Invertebrates * Animals without a backbone * Most abundant group * Can reproduce asexually and sexually * Kingdom Animalia 7 Phyla we will study Squid Egg Cases

46 Phylum Porifera Exs: (Sponges) *Simplest animal * No organs or systems

47 Who are the simplest invertebrates (phylum name please)? Porifera

48 Which of the following represent sexual reproduction? A. Hermaphrodite B. Budding C. Regeneration D. All of these

49 Phylum Cnidaria *Characteristics: ~nematocysts (stinging cells used to defend themselves and to obtain food) Jelly Fish Hydra Sea Anemone Coral

50 Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Planarian * Flat bodies * Bilateral Symetry Hermaphrodite Tape Worm Ex: Tapeworm, Fluke Fluke

51 Phylum Annelida Called the segmented worms Classified by their bristles Earthworms have setae Hermaphroditic Good they aerate the soil Ex. Earthworm, Leeches, Bristle worms

52 Why phylum of invertebrates have segments? A. Platyhelminthes B. Annelida C. Mollusca D. Cnidaria

53 Phylum Mollusca (Mollusks) Soft bodies some have shells outside their bodies Snails Oysters Cuttlefish Octopus

54 Which phyla of invertebrates houses the jellyfish? A. Porifera B. Echnidermata C. Cnidaria D. Mollusks

55 Phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms) Starfish * Reproduce sexually and can regenerate (asexual) * Known for spiny skin * Tube feet Sea Urchins * Strong enough to pry open mollusk shells

56 Phylum Arthropoda (arthropods) ¾ of all animal species Arthropod = jointed foot Have an exoskeleton which they shed This is molting Have 3 main regions Head Thorax Abdomen

57 What is the blastula? A. A hollow ball of cells. B. An embryo ready to be born. C. Only skeletal tissue. D. A zygote.

58 Phylum Arthropoda Has 3 distinct classes we will study: Arachnida Crustacean Insecta

59 Which phylum has tube feet? A. Annelida B. Cnidaria C. Mollusca D. Echinoderms

60 Class Arachnida Have a cephlothrorax (combined head and thorax) 8 legs Ex. spiders, horseshoe crab, mites, ticks

61 Class Insecta Most abundant class with over 70,000 known species 6 legs Goes through metamorphosis

62 Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis Ex. Butterfly Incomplete Metamorphosis Ex. Crickets, grasshoppers

63 Class Crustacean 2 pairs of antennae Lobster, shrimp, roly-poly, crayfish, crabs

64 Which phylum houses ¾ of all organisms? A. Arthropoda B. Insecta C. Echniderma D. Cnidaria

65 * 3 key characteristics: Vertebrates 1. Notochord firm, flexible rod for support (backbone) 2. Gill slits openings used in respiration 3. Endoskeleton an internal skeleton composed of bones, cartilage, or both

66 Vertebrate Classification *** DOMAIN EUKARYA **Kingdom Animalia ~Phylum Chordata

67 Which of the following is correct? A. Complete metamorphosis does not go through a pupa stage. B. Barnacles are motile. C. Arachnids have six legs. D. Arthropods have three main regions.

68 Class Osteichthyes Have lateral line detects vibrations, orients fish Largest grouping of verts Swim bladder buoyancy (Bony Fish)

69 Class Chondrichthyes Cartilage skeleton No gill cover must keep moving to breathe Ex.. Sting rays, manta rays, sharks (Cartilage Fish)

70 Class Amphibia (Amphibians) Skin respiration (frogs) Lungs Spend time in water and on land Frogs = slimy skin Toads = dry bumpy skin Ex.. Salamanders, frogs

71 Crustaceans are a member of A. Reptilia B. Chondrichthyes C. Arthropoda D. Insecta [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]

72 Class Reptilia (Reptiles) Ectothermic = cold blooded Dry scaly skin Amniotic Egg Internal fertilization Ex. Snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators, crocodiles

73 Which trait makes osteichthyes and chondrichthyes different? cartilage

74 Amniotic Egg

75 Class Aves (Birds) Feathers Endothermic Wings to fly

76 Which class of vertebrates is cold blooded? A. Amphibia B. Aves C. Reptilia D. Osteichthyes

77 Class Mammalia (Mammals) 1. Marsupials pouched mammals Ex. kangaroos, opossums 2. Placentals develop young in uterus 3. Monotremes lay eggs Ex. Spiny Anteater and Duckbill Platypus

78 Class Mammalia (Mammals) Young nourished by placenta in uterus Mammary glands produce milk Endothermic Hair/fur

79 Which verts are in phylum chordata? [Default] [MC Any] [MC All] A. Aves B. Chondrichthyes C. Osteichthyes D. Reptilia E. Amphiba F. Mammalia

80 Which vertebrate grouping must constantly move to breathe? A. [Default] B. [MC Any] C. [MC All] A. Aves B. Chondrichthyes C. Osteichthyes D. Reptilia E. Amphiba F. Mammalia

81 Which grouping has an amniotic egg, breathes through lungs, and is ectothermic? A. [Default] B. [MC Any] C. [MC All] A. Aves B. Chondrichthyes C. Osteichthyes D. Reptilia E. Amphiba F. Mammalia