ABC Transporter Vesicle Assay: Comparison of Cold (LC-MS/MS) and Hot (Radiolabeled) Methods. Na Li, PhD. BD Biosciences Discovery Labware May 29, 2012
|
|
- Henry Atkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ABC Transporter Vesicle Assay: Comparison of Cold (LC-MS/MS) and Hot (Radiolabeled) Methods Na Li, PhD BD Biosciences Discovery Labware May 29, 212
2 Today s Topics Overview of the important role of ABC transporters in drug ADME and toxicity. Overview of in vitro ABC transporter models Application of vesicle uptake assay in characterizing transporter substrates and inhibitors Hot (Radiolabeled) vesicle uptake assay procedure Cold vesicle uptake assay procedure Fluorescent compound (Spectrophotometer) Non-radiolabeled compound (LC-MS/MS) 2
3 Transporters Across Human Tissues Kitamura S, et al. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 377(4-6): (28). 3
4 Transporters in Drug Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Systemic exposure: Oral bioavailability and Organ Disposition Drug absorption in small intestine (BCRP, MDR1/P-gp) (Topotecan, sulphasalazine) SLC transporter involved DDI OATP1B1: increase in statin AUC when co-administrated with cyclosporine MDR1/P-gp involved DDI Digoxin clearance reduced when co-administrated with Quinidine, Ritonavir, and other P-gp inhibitors Inhibition of MRP2/BSEP induced toxicity Cholestasis Hyperbilirubinemia 4
5 Transporter-Mediated Drug Clearance Challenge in Drug Discovery Low Extensive P45 or Phase II enzyme mediated drug metabolism, e.g. High drug clearance Rational compound structure optimization is needed Confidence in prediction Metabolic stability Moderate High Optimal P45 or Phase II enzyme mediated drug metabolism, e.g. moderate drug clearance DDI potential, metabolites, interspecies scaling and IVIVC are assessable Metabolic stability unknown routes of elimination (all transporter mediated) DDI, interspecies scaling and IVIVC are difficult to assess 5
6 Selected Human Transporters Figure from Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery (21) 9: Recombinant transporters available from BD
7 Drug Transporters of Emerging Clinical Importance in the Absorption and Disposition of Drugs SLC transporters Transporters/alias OATP1B1/OATP-C, OATP2 (SLCO1B1) OATP1B3/OATP-8 (SLCO1B3) OAT1 (SLC22A6) OAT3 (SLC22A8) OCT2 (SLC22A2) OATP1A2/OATP-A (SLCO1A2) OATP2B1/OATP-B (SLCO2B1) OCT1 (SLC22A1) PEPT1 (SLC15A1) PEPT2 (SLC15A2) MATE1 (SLC47A1) MATE2-K (SLC47A2) ITC 1 Tissue Distribution Liver Liver Kidney, placenta Kidney, liver, brain Kidney, brain Brain Liver Liver, intestine Intestine, kidney Kidney, lung Kidney, liver, skeletal muscle Kidney EMA 1 ABC transporters Transporters/alias MDR1/P-gp (ABCB1) BCRP/MXR (ABCG2) BSEP (ABCB11) MRP2/cMOAT (ABCC2) MRP3 (ABCC3) MRP4 (ABCC4) MDR3 (ABCB4) FDA 6 Organ/cells Intestine, Kidney, liver, brain Intestine, liver, kidney, brain, placenta, breast Liver Liver, kidney, intestine Liver, intestine Kidney, liver, Liver ITC 1 EMA 1 Clinical Drug drug interaction white paper, 26, FDA Membrane Transporters in Drug Development, ITC, Nature Review/Drug Discovery, March (vol 9): (21). EMA, 21 7
8 Overview of In Vitro Transporter Models SLC transporters: Expressed in Xenopus oocyte system (Transportocytes) OATP, OCT, OAT, and NTCP Uptake assays for both radiolabeled and non-radiolabeled compounds SLC transporters overexpressed in mammalian cell lines Hepatocyte suspension assay using oil-filtration method Plateable transporter qualified cryopreserved human hepatocytes ABC transporters: Inside-out vesicles: MRP, BCRP, and BSEP Uptake assays for both radiolabeled and non-radiolabeled compounds Membranes: P-gp, MRP, and BCRP ATPase assay Polarized cell line expressing human P-gp, MRP2 or BCRP Plateable transporter qualified cryopreserved human hepatocytes Sandwich cultured hepatocytes-abc transporter on canalicular membrane 8
9 Summary of BD Biosciences In Vitro Transporter Models Drug Transporter Model ABC Transporter SLC Transporter Non-cell based cell based cell based (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 Vesicle Uptake assay Vesicle, Reagent Kit ATPase assay Membrane, Reagent Kit Hepatocytes Caco-2 Assay LLCPK- MDR1 Cells Transporter Qualified human CryoHepatocytes Suspension, Oil filtration kit Transporter Qualified Plateable Human CryoHepatocytes Fresh Human Platec Hepatocytes CryoHepatocytes: human, plateable, transporter qualified Fresh Hepatocytes: Human, plateable 9
10 ABC Transporter Assays ATPase Assay Vesicles Uptake Assay PGP ATP ADP + Pi BD Gentest ABC transporter membrane Indirect Assay: measures the ability of a drug-stimulated ATP hydrolysis (substrates and inhibitors) Rapid, High-throughput Colorimetric assay (any compound) No extractions/separations/transfers ATP Drug ADP + Pi BD Gentest ABC transporter vesicles Direct Assay: Measurement of transportermediated uptake of drugs into vesicles (substrates and inhibitors) Can be high throughput: using 96-well plate and cell harvester / vacuum manifold Assays developed for both radiolabeled and non-radiolabeled compounds 1
11 BD Gentest ABC Transporter Vesicles Inside Out Vesicles Human MRP1 Human MRP2 Human MRP3 Rat Mrp1 Rat Mrp2 Human BSEP Rat Bsep Human BCRP Rat Bcrp Mouse Bcrp Vesicles Assay Kit MRP/BCRP Vesicle Kit (cat. no. 4591) One kit supports all BD MRP and BCRP transporter vesicle assays 2 assays Probe substrate for MRP1, MRP2, MRP3 and BCRP Fluorescent substrate (CDCF) for MRP2 and MRP3 2 Year shelf-life Reagents only BSEP Vesicle Kit (cat. no 45911) Supports BSEP transporter vesicle assays 2 assays Probe substrate for BSEP 2 Year shelf-life Reagents only 1 X Wash Buffer for MRP/BCRP Vesicle Assay (cat. no 456) 1 X Wash Buffer for BSEP Vesicle Assay (cat. no 4561) 11
12 Vesicle Uptake Assays» Radiolabel Compound» Fluorescent Compound» Cold Compound 12
13 Overview of Assay Procedure Example of BSEP IC 5 Study Uptake activity with ATP Uptake activity with AMP ATP-dependent uptake activity = Uptake activity with ATP (pmol/min/mg) - Uptake activity with AMP (pmol/min/mg) Signal to Noise Ratio= Uptake activity with ATP (pmol/min/mg) Uptake activity with AMP (pmol/min/mg) IC 5 Calculation: 13
14 Vesicle Assay Procedure for using Radiolabeled Compound Scintillation Counter Reaction Pre-condition the filter plate Condition with: Stop reaction by transferring to vacuum manifold Wash the filter plate Vacuum Filter (facing down) 1) dh2o Dry the filter plate at room temp for 1-2 hrs Well Add 5 μl of scintillation liquid into each sample well LC-MS/MS analysis 14
15 Using Radio-labeled Compounds in Vesicle Uptake Assays Equipment Vacuum manifold/cell harvester, or alternative rapid filtration system scintillation counter (if 96-well glass fiber filter plate is used, MicroBeta scintillation counter, Perkin Elmer is needed) Advantages Extraction step in sample preparation is not required Recovery is not an issue Quick solution for inhibition study Disadvantages Radiolabeled test articles are not always available for transporter phenotyping studies Limit the application spectrum Waste removal and radiation license requirements associated with radiolabeled compound Expensive 15
16 Vesicle Assay Procedure for using Fluorescent Compound Spectrophotometer Pre-condition the filter plate Condition with: 1) dh2o 2) 1X wash buffer 3) 1X blocking buffer Reaction Stop reaction by transferring to vacuum manifold Wash the filter plate Dry the filter plate at room temp for 1-2 hrs Elute into a new 96- well plate Elution Step: 1. Add 1 µl of.1n NaOH into each sample well 2. Incubate at Room temperature for 1 min 3. Elute by applying vacuum or centrifuge at 4 rpm for 5 min LC-MS/MS analysis 16
17 Using a Fluorescent Substrate in Vesicle Uptake Assays Equipment Vacuum manifold or alternative rapid filtration system spectrophotometer Compared with the physiologically relevant, high-affinity substrate, LTC 4, CDCF is: More robust MRP2 substrate, with similar kinetics as LTC 4 Optimal for high throughput screening of compound interactions No need for radiolabeled compound Requires a simple elution step in sample preparation Less expensive, more convenient, higher S/N ratio compared to using radiolabeled compound 17
18 Structure of 5(6)-Carboxy-2, 7 - Dichlorofluorescein (CDCF) Esterases CDA Fluorescent Ex: 485 nm Em: 538 nm 18
19 Time-Dependent Uptake of CDCF in MRP2/MRP3 Vesicle CDCF uptake in MRP/Mrp Vesicles (pmol/mg) human MRP2 S/N:4 S/N:3 S/N: rat Mrp2 S/N:9 S/N: human MRP3 S/N: Time (min) S/N:6 ATP-dependent uptake of CDCF is linear for at least 3 minutes for hmrp2/rmrp2, hmrp3 membrane vesicles. with ATP without ATP 19
20 Kinetic Study of CDCF in Human MRP Km of CDCF in MRP2 and MRP3 CDCF Uptake Activity (pmol/mg/min) human MRP2 rat Mrp2 human MRP CDCF Concentration (um) Vesicles K m values (μm) V max (pmol/mg/min) Average K m Average V max hmrp hmrp rmrp
21 CDCF is an Alternative to LTC 4 as an MRP2 Substrate Like LTC 4 (Leukotriene C 4 ), CDCF is transported by MRP2/Mrp2 in time-dependent, concentration dependent manner following Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. Comparison of IC 5 values of human MRP2 modulators. % of Remaining uptake Activity in hmrp LTC 4 as substrate Concentration of Inhibitor (μm) % of Remaining uptake Activity in hmrp CDCF as substrate Concentration of Inhibitor (μm) Indomethacin Benzbromarone MK571 Terfenadine Test compounds IC 5 (µm) Test compounds IC 5 (µm) Benzbromarone 7.8 Benzbromarone 3.3 MK MK Terfenadine 41.6 Terfenadine 45.8 Indomethacin Indomethacin
22 Cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF) CLF is a fluorescent bile salt derivative and has been developed as a potential agent for assessing in vivo liver function (Milkiewicz et al., 2). CLF uptake into human hepatocytes involves NTCP (Dawson et al, 29) and OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 (Hagenbuch, et al, 24). Indirect evidence demonstrates CLF is effluxed by BSEP, as same biliary excretion of CLF was observed in normal and TR(-) (Mrp2-deficient) Wistar rats (Mills, et al, 1999). CLF is going to be introduced as a novel agent for determination of in vivo liver function in a clinical setting. 22
23 Time-Dependent Uptake of CLF in Human MRP inside-out Vesicles 9 8 CLF Time-Dependent Uptake in MRP Inside-out Vesicles hmrp2 (S/N ~ 5) [CLF]:.8 μm Protein Conc. : 5 μg No GSH in reaction Control vesicle is used as control 7 CLF Uptake (pmol/mg) hmrp3 hmrp1 Control AMP Control ATP hmrp1 AMP hmrp1 ATP hmrp2 AMP hmrp2 ATP hmrp3 AMP hmrp3 ATP Incubation Time (min) 23
24 Time-Dependent Uptake of CLF in Human BSEP inside-out Vesicles 25 CLF Time-Dependent Uptake in BSEP Inside-out Vesicles hbsep (S/N ~ 2) [CLF]:.8 μm Protein Conc. : 5 μg Control vesicle is used as control 2 CLF Uptake (pmol/mg) 15 1 Control AMP Control ATP hbsep AMP hbsep ATP Incubation Time (min) 24
25 CLF Uptake in MRP2 is Saturable GSH has no effect on CLF uptake in human MRP2 vesicle CLF Uptake: Michaelis-Menten Kinetics K m = 2.7 μm 3 V max = pmol/min/mg AMP ATP Rate (pmol/min/mg) % of Inhibition of CLF Uptake Activity MK571 inhibition on CLF Uptake IC 5 = 29 μm MK571 Concentration (um) [Substrate] (µm). with GSH without GSH CLF uptake in human MRP2 vesicles is not stimulated by co-incubation with GSH. CLF uptake in human MRP2 vesicles follows Michaelis Menten Kinetics. CLF uptake in human BSEP vesicle is not saturable. 25
26 CLF Bile Accumulation is Inhibited by Cyclosporin A and MK571 5 μm CLF 5 μm CLF + 5 μm MK571 CLF Hepatic Uptake (Lot 295) CLF Uptake in Hepatocytes (pmol/mg) Incubation Time (min) [CLF]= 5μM 5 um CLF 5 um CLF + 1uM CsA MK571 is MRP2 inhibitor, can inhibit CDA bile excretion efficiently at concentration 5 μm. Cyclosporin A is inhibitor for OATP1B1/1B3, BSEP and MRP2 Hepatic uptake of CLF is mediated by OATP1B3, but not NTCP (Dirk R. de Waart, et al., JPET, 334:78-86, 21). 5 μm CLF 5 μm CLF + 1 μm Cyclosporin A 26
27 Summary Vesicle uptake assay using fluorescent substrate was validated. CDCF is a robust and convenient tool to characterize drug interactions with MRP transporters vs radiolabeled substrates. Uptake of CLF, a fluorescent bile salt derivative, in MRP2 vesicle is saturable and inhibited by MRP2 inhibitors. Our data indicated most likely MRP2 mediated biliary excretion of CLF. 27
28 Vesicle Assay Procedure for using Cold Compound LC-MS/MS analysis Pre-condition the filter plate Condition with: 1) dh2o 2) 1x wash buffer 3) 1x Blocking buffer Reaction Stop reaction by transferring to vacuum manifold Wash the filter plate Dry the filter plate at room temp for 1-2 hrs Elute into a new 96- well plate Elution Steps: 1.Add elution buffer with internal standard on filer plate 2.Incubate for 2 min at RT 3.Attach filter plate with a new 96- well receiver plate, centrifuge at 4 rpm for 5 min to collect the eluent 4.Analyze the sample on LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS analysis 28
29 Using a Non-Radiolabeled (cold) Substrate in Vesicle Uptake Assays Equipment: Vacuum manifold or alternative rapid filtration system LC-MS/MS Advantage: Broad the application spectrum for all compounds Transporter substrate identification and inhibition study Can be used in any lab with analycal capability (LC-MS/MS) No radioactive hazard waste Disadvantage: Requires an elution step in sample preparation Compounds with strong non-specific binding on the filter device 29
30 Elution Buffer Optimization A LTC4 Uptake in hmrp2 Vesicle B E17bG Uptake in hmrp2 Vesicle Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N) Uptake Activity (pmol/mg/min) Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N) Uptake Activity (pmol/mg/min) 2 2 Elution 1 Elution 2 Elution 3 Elution 4 Elution 1 Elution 2 Elution 3 Elution 4 C S/N Uptake Activity E3S Uptake in hbcrp Vesicle S/N Uptake Activity Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N) Uptake Activity (pmol/mg/min) Elution Buffer: Elution 1: 8% Methanol; Elution 2: 8% Acetonitrile; Elution 3: 5 mm NaHCO3 in water; Elution 4: 5 mm NaHCO3 in 5/5 Methanol/Water. E lution 1 E lution 2 E lution 3 E lution 4 S/N U ptake A ctivity 3
31 Elution Time Optimization E17bG Transporter in MRP2 Vesicle Elution Time (min) 8% Methanol 5mM NaHCO3 in H2O LTC4 Transport in MRP2 Vesicle Elution Time (min) 8% Methanol 5mM NaHCO3 in H2O 31
32 Time-dependent Uptake of MRP2 Substrates LTC4 Uptake in hmrp2 E17bG Uptake in hmrp ATP AMP ATP AMP LTC4 Uptake (pmol/mg) E17bG Uptake (pmol/mg) Time (min) Time (min) 32
33 Time-dependent Uptake of BCRP Substrates MTX Uptake in hbcrp Chlorothiazide Uptake in hbcrp 1 3 MTX Uptake (pmol/mg) ATP AMP Chlorothiazide Uptake (pmol/mg) ATP AMP Time (min) Time (min) 33
34 Comparison of K m : LC-MS/MS vs Radiolabeled Compound LC-MS/MS Radiolabeled Uptake activity in MRP2 Vesicle (pmol/min/mg) K m : 148 M V max : 123 (pmol/min/mg) Hill coefficient : K m : 171 M V max : 145 (pmol/min/mg) Hill coefficient : 2.1 E17βG Uptake in hmrp2 Vesicle Incubation time: 5 min Protein Conc.: 5 M [Estradiol-17-Glucuronide] (µm) Uptake Activity in BCRP Vesicle(pmol/min/mg) K m : 7.2 M V max : 515 (pmol/min/mg) [E3S] (µm) ATP-dependent Uptake Activity of E3S (pmol/mg/min) [E3S] (μm) K m : 14.2±1.9 M V max : 56.±25.3 (pmol/min/mg) E3S Uptake in hbcrp Vesicle Incubation time: 3 min Protein Conc.: 5 M
35 Comparison of K m : LC-MS/MS vs Radiolabeled Compound 35
36 Vesicle Inhibition IC 5 Assay Radiolabeled vs Cold Substrates LC-MS/MS Analysis of E17bG Radiolabeled [3H] E 2 17BG MRP2 Substrate: E17βG Inhibitor: Benzbromarone % of Remaining E17bG Uptake Activity IC5=36 μm % of Remaining E17bG Uptake Activity IC5=36 μm Concentration of Benzbromarone (um) Concentration of Benzbromarone (µm) LC-MS/MS Analysis of E3S Radiolabeled [3H] E3S 1 12 BCRP Substrate: E3S Inhibitor: Sulfasalazine % of Remaining E3S Uptake Activity IC5=.4 μm % of Remaining E3S Uptake Activity IC5=.7 μm Concentration of Sulfasalazine (um) Concentration of Sulfasalazine (um) 36
37 Comparison of IC5: LC-MS/MS vs Radiolabeled Compound 37
38 Effect of Elution Buffer on Transport Kinetics and Inhibition Table 1 Effect of elution buffer on MRP2 substrate uptake kinetics Table 4 Effect of elution buffer on MRP2 inhibitor Benzbromarone IC 5 38
39 Summary The assay method was developed for inside-out vesicle uptake assay for non-radiolabeled chemicals using rapid filtration system and LC-MS/MS detection approach. Assay procedure was optimized for the selected MRP2 and BCRP substrates. There is no dramatic difference among the four elution buffers on the compound recovery, uptake ratio and kinetics in vesicle assay. Compound recovery is not affected by elution time significantly. The method was validated using kinetic assay of selected probe substrates and IC5 assay using selected inhibitors for both human MRP2 and BCRP transporters inside-out vesicles. The Km values and IC5 values determined by using LC-MS/MS were comparable with using radiolabeled compounds and literature report. 39
40 Summary of BD Biosciences In Vitro Transporter Models ABC Transporters Inside-out vesicles MRP/BCRP vesicle kit (4591); BSEP vesicle kit (45911) 1X wash buffer for MRP/BCRP vesicle assay (456) 1X wash buffer for BSEP vesicle assay (4561) Membranes ATPase assay kit (4596) Fresh Human Hepatocytes and Transporter Qualified Plateable Human CryoHepatocytes MDR1-LLPK cells/caco-2 cells SLC Transporters Hepatocyte suspension assay using oil-filtration method Uptake and inhibitory assays Fresh Human Hepatocytes and Transporter Qualified Plateable Human CryoHepatocytes 4
41 Q&A Questions? Contact information: Na Li, PhD Technical Support: tel: bdbiosciences.com/webinars For research use only. Not intended for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. BD, BD Logo, and all other trademarks are property of Becton, Dickinson and Company. 21 BD 41
Na Li, PhD. Application of a Fluorescent Substrate / Inside-Out Transporter Vesicle Assay for Identifying Inhibitors of MRP Transport
Application of a Fluorescent Substrate / Inside-Out Transporter Vesicle Assay for Identifying Inhibitors of MRP Transport Na Li, PhD BD Biosciences October 20, 2010 BD Gentest Transporter Seminar Series
More informationIn Vitro Transporter Testing Alignment with Regulatory Agency Guidelines and ITC Recommendations. Elke S. Perloff, Ph.D.
In Vitro Transporter Testing Alignment with Regulatory Agency Guidelines and ITC Recommendations Elke S. Perloff, Ph.D. BD Biosciences February 23, 2011 Presentation Overview Guidance documents and position
More informationSuccinate (Succinic Acid) Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
Succinate (Succinic Acid) Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Catalog Number KA3955 100 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background...
More informationNavigating the Transporter Wave of 2013: A Review of the Seven Recent ITC Publications on Drug Transporters
Navigating the Transporter Wave of 2013: A Review of the Seven Recent ITC Publications on Drug Transporters Greg Loewen, Andrea Wolff, Amanda Hays, Ph.D. XenoTech Drug Transport Group XenoTech brief introduction
More informationGenetically Modified Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (RPTEC/TERT1) A New Model for Drug Toxicity Studies
Genetically Modified Human Renal Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells (RPTEC/TERT1) A New Model for Drug Toxicity Studies Chaozhong Zou, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, ATCC About ATCC Founded in 1925, ATCC is a non-profit
More informationArginase Assay Kit. Catalog Number KA assays Version: 05. Intended for research use only.
Arginase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA1609 200 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationMeasurement of Metabolic Stability Using SIM and Identification of Metabolites by Data Dependent Full-Scan MS/MS and CNL Scanning
Application Note: 349 Measurement of Metabolic Stability Using SIM and Identification of Metabolites by Data Dependent Full-Scan MS/MS and CNL Scanning Peter B Ehmer, Ethirajulu Kantharaj, Katie De Wagter,
More informationTag lite: assessment of compound dissociation from GPCRs. Israel Ramos Villullas Group leader of GPCRs and Ion Channels unit BRADS Department
Tag lite: assessment of compound dissociation from GPCRs Israel Ramos Villullas Group leader of GPCRs and Ion Channels unit BRADS Department 1 INTRODUCTION Compound residence time at protein targets is
More informationFor the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Urea levels in various samples.
ab83362 Urea Assay Kit Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Urea levels in various samples. This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic
More informationThe PAMPA Work Flow and Comparison of UV-Plate Reader Method vs. LC/MS Method Kevin Chen, Ph.D. BD Biosciences August 13, 2009
The PAMPA Work Flow and Comparison of UV-Plate Reader Method vs. LC/MS Method Kevin Chen, Ph.D. BD Biosciences August 13, 2009 The Traditional PAMPA Workflow 96-well filter plate, un-coated Coat filter
More informationBile salt transport profiling of hepatic transporters. Peter Krajcsi
Bile salt transport profiling of hepatic transporters Peter Krajcsi The human bile Carey and Duane: The liver, 3rd edition Bile acids / salts Cholesterol Hepatocytes Primary bile acids: Chenodeoxycholic
More informationLIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTERS. {Beta Counters}
LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTERS {Beta Counters} We offer a range of Alpha, Beta & Gama counters, from Hidex Oy, Finland to meet your specific Liquid Scintillation counting requirements. Triathler LSC Sense
More informationNitric Oxide Synthase Assay Kit
Nitric Oxide Synthase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA1634 96 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay...
More informationPrinciples of Drug Design
Advanced Medicinal Chemistry II Principles of Drug Design Tentative Course Outline Instructors: Longqin Hu and John Kerrigan Direct questions and enquiries to the Course Coordinator: Longqin Hu I. Introduction
More informationNitric Oxide Assay Kit
Nitric Oxide Assay Kit Catalog Number KA1641 100 assays Version: 06 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General
More informationBIOO FOOD AND FEED SAFETY. Histamine Enzymatic Assay Kit Manual. Catalog #: Reference #:
BIOO FOOD AND FEED SAFETY Histamine Enzymatic Assay Kit Manual Catalog #: 1032-05 Reference #: 1032-05 BIOO Scientific Corp. 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION... 1 Product Description... 1 Procedure
More informationit is assumed that only EH and ESH are catalytically active Michaelis-Menten equation for this model is:
initial rates for many enzymatic reactions exhibit bell-shaped curves as a function of ph curves reflect the ionizations of certain amino acid residues that must be in a specific ionization state for enzyme
More informationAlkaline Phosphatase Colorimetric Assay Kit
Alkaline Phosphatase Colorimetric Assay Kit Catalog No. KM0018 Detection and Quantification of Alkaline Phosphatase Concentrations in Biological Samples. Research Purposes Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic
More informationNAD + /NADH Assay [Colorimetric]
G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name NAD + /NADH Assay [Colorimetric] (Cat. #786 1539, 786 1540) think proteins! think G-Biosciences
More informationCypExpress 3A4 Catalyzed Conversion of Testosterone (TE) to 6β- Hydroxytestosterone (HT)
TM CASE STUDY CypExpress 3A4 Catalyzed Conversion of Testosterone (TE) to 6β- Hydroxytestosterone (HT) Shuvendu Das, 1 Enrique Martinez, 2 and Mani Subramanian 1 1 Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing,
More informationPreparation of Tritium Labeled Compounds and Their Scintillation Proximity Assays
Preparation of Tritium Labeled Compounds and Their Scintillation Proximity Assays Michael P. O'Malley*, Yui S. Tang, and Nadine M. Gan PerkinElmer Health Sciences, Inc. * Main author: e-mail Mike.O Malley@Perkinelmer.com
More informationAlcohol dehydrogenase Assay Kit
Alcohol dehydrogenase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA3785 100 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 General
More informationNonlinear pharmacokinetics
5 Nonlinear pharmacokinetics 5 Introduction 33 5 Capacity-limited metabolism 35 53 Estimation of Michaelis Menten parameters(v max andk m ) 37 55 Time to reach a given fraction of steady state 56 Example:
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Theoretical Approach for Determination of True Quantitative Values of Proteins in Pure Membrane Fraction. During the preparation of membrane fractions, some contamination with other
More informationOptimization of an Adapta Kinase Assay for CAMK1
Overview Optimization of an Adapta Kinase Assay for CAMK1 This protocol describes how to perform an Adapta assay with the kinase CAMK1. To maximize the ability of the assay to detect ATP-competitive inhibitors,
More informationSupplementary information Addendum to Quantifying the impact of transporters on cellular drug permeability
Supplementary information Addendum to Quantifying the impact of transporters on cellular drug permeability Pär Matsson, Luca A. Fenu, Patrik Lundquist, Jacek R. Wiśniewski, Manfred Kansy and Per Artursson
More informationab Arginase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab180877 Arginase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Arginase in various samples. This product is for research use only and is not
More informationNitric Oxide Synthase Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Assay
Package Insert Nitric Oxide Synthase Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Assay 96 Wells For Research Use Only v. 2.0 09.20.17 Eagle Biosciences, Inc. 20A NW Blvd., Suite 112, Nashua, NH 03063 Phone: 866-419-2019
More informationab Uricase Assay Kit (Fluorometric) 1
Version 1 Last updated 26 April 2018 ab234042 Uricase Assay Kit (Fluorometric) For the measurement of Uricase activity in various biological samples/preparations. This product is for research use only
More informationNitric Oxide Assay Kit
Nitric Oxide Assay Kit Catalog Number KA1641 100 assays Version: 04 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3 General
More informationImaging Bile Canaliculi in 3D Liver Microtissues using the Opera Phenix High-Content Screening System
APPLICATION NOTE Cholestasis Cellular Imaging and Analysis Liver Tox Bile Canaliculi Area Key Features: Quantification of bile efflux transporter activity in 3D liver microtissues High quality confocal
More informationACTIVE TRANSPORT AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORT. (Chapter 14 and 15, pp and pp )
ACTIVE TRANSPORT AND GLUCOSE TRANSPORT (Chapter 14 and 15, pp 140-143 and pp 146-151) Overview Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against their concentration
More informationNORBUPRENORPHINE (Buprenorphine s Metabolite ) BUPRENORPHINE in urine by GC/MS Code GC Method of Confirmation by GC-MS
NORBUPRENORPHINE (Buprenorphine s Metabolite ) BUPRENORPHINE in urine by GC/MS Code GC44010 Method of Confirmation by GC-MS INTRODUCTION Buprenorphine is an analgesic with a long-time action, 25 to 40
More informationGLUTATHIONE IN WHOLE BLOOD BY FLUORIMETRY CODE Z30010
GLUTATHIONE IN WHOLE BLOOD BY FLUORIMETRY CODE Z30010 INTRODUCTION Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide. It contains an unusual peptide linkage between the amine group of cysteine and the carboxyl group of
More informationConfirmation of In Vitro Nefazodone Metabolites using the Superior Fragmentation of the QTRAP 5500 LC/MS/MS System
Confirmation of In Vitro Nefazodone Metabolites using the Superior Fragmentation of the QTRAP 5500 LC/MS/MS System Claire Bramwell-German, Elliott Jones and Daniel Lebre AB SCIEX, Foster City, California
More informationATP-Binding Cassette Efflux Transporters and Passive Membrane Permeability in Drug Absorption and Disposition
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Pharmacy 67 ATP-Binding Cassette Efflux Transporters and Passive Membrane Permeability in Drug Absorption and Disposition PÄR
More informationPyruvate Assay Kit. Catalog Number KA assays Version: 02. Intended for research use only.
Pyruvate Assay Kit Catalog Number KA1674 100 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 General Information...
More informationHuman Creatinine Serum Detection Kit
Human Creatinine Serum Detection Kit Catalog No: IRAAKT2508 Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE The Serum Creatinine kit is designed to quantitatively measure creatinine present in serum samples. Please read the
More informationab83360 Ammonia Assay Kit
Version 8 Last updated 18 December 2017 ab83360 Ammonia Assay Kit For the measurement of total ammonia and ammonium levels in various samples This product is for research use only and is not intended for
More informationKey Words Q Exactive, Accela, MetQuest, Mass Frontier, Drug Discovery
Metabolite Stability Screening and Hotspot Metabolite Identification by Combining High-Resolution, Accurate-Mass Nonselective and Selective Fragmentation Tim Stratton, Caroline Ding, Yingying Huang, Dan
More informationIntroduction Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most important enzymes involved in nerve transmission. The enzyme is bound to cellular membrane
Cell Technology PROTOCOL acella - AChE * Bioluminescence Assay for Monitoring Acetylcholinesterase Activity *Patent Pending Contact Information Address Cell Technology Inc 950 Rengstorff Ave Suite D Mountain
More informationNAD/NADH Assay Kit. Catalog Number KA assays Version: 03. Intended for research use only.
NAD/NADH Assay Kit Catalog Number KA3777 100 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 General Information...
More informationab Acetate Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab204719 Acetate Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For rapid, sensitive and accurate measuring of Acetate. This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. Version
More informationLactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab102526 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Lactate Dehydrogenase in various samples. This product is for research
More informationFor the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Caspase 9 activity in cell and tissue lysates.
ab65608 Caspase 9 Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Caspase 9 activity in cell and tissue lysates. This product is for research use only
More informationCaspase Substrate Kit (Colorimetric)
ab102486 Caspase Substrate Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Caspase activity in cell culture This product is for research use only and is not
More informationADME studies with radiolabeled compounds. Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit
ADME studies with radiolabeled compounds Miguel Ángel Morcillo Alonso Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales
More informationab Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit (Fluorometric)
ab197000 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit (Fluorometric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Lactate Dehydrogenase in various samples. This product is for research
More informationGlutamate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA0879 100 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4
More informationD-Lactate Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit
D-Lactate Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit Catalog No. KM0096 Detection and Quantification of D-Lactate Concentrations in Biological Samples. Research Purposes Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Clinical
More informationab83362 Urea Assay kit (Colorimetric)
ab83362 Urea Assay kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Urea levels in various samples. This product is for research use only and is not intended
More informationHIGH-THROUGHPUT DETERMINATION OF AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY, PRECIPITATION OR COLLOIDAL AGGREGATE FORMATION IN SMALL MOLECULE SCREENING SETS
HIGH-THROUGHPUT DETERMINATION OF AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY, PRECIPITATION OR COLLOIDAL AGGREGATE FORMATION IN SMALL MOLECULE SCREENING SETS Introduction: Determining the aqueous solubility of a compound is an
More informationCharacterization of Reversible Kinase Inhibitors using Microfluidic Mobility-Shift Assays
Application Note 211 Characterization of Reversible Kinase Inhibitors using Microfluidic Mobility-Shift Assays Introduction Current drug discovery efforts typically focus on developing small molecule inhibitors
More informationab83360 Ammonia Assay Kit
Version 9 Last updated 7 February 2019 ab83360 Ammonia Assay Kit For the measurement of total ammonia and ammonium levels in various samples View kit datasheet: www.abcam.com/ab83360 (use www.abcam.cn/ab83360
More informationab Phospholipase D Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab183306 Phospholipase D Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For rapid, sensitive and accurate detection of Phospholipase D Activity. This product is for research use only and is not
More informationADH Activity Assay Kit
ADH Activity Assay Kit Catalog Number KA3713 100 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationcamp Direct Immunoassay Kit
camp Direct Immunoassay Kit Catalog Number KA0886 100 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationCreatinine Colorimetric Detection Kit
Creatinine Colorimetric Detection Kit For the quantitative determination of creatinine in urine. For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog Number: 74-CRNHU-E02 Size: 2x96 Wells
More informationHigh Sensitivity Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit
High Sensitivity Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit Cat. No.:DEIA6158 Pkg.Size:96T Intended use High Sensitivity Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ELISA Kit is High Sensitivity ELISA for the Measurement of PEG
More informationCypExpress 2C9 Catalyzed Conversion of Diclofenac (DN) to to 4- Hydroxydiclofenac (HDN)
TM CASE STUDY CypExpress 2C9 Catalyzed Conversion of Diclofenac (DN) to to 4- Hydroxydiclofenac (HDN) Shuvendu Das, 1 Enrique Martinez, 2 and Mani Subramanian 1 1 Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing,
More informationAldehyde Quantification Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab112113 Aldehyde Quantification Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For detecting quantifying aldehyde in a variety of applications using a one step colorimetric method This product is for research
More informationPredicting human hepatic clearance and DDI effects from in vitro metabolism and transport data
Predicting uman epatic clearance and DDI effects from in vitro abolism and transport data Kenici Umeara, Birk Poller, Annett Kunze and Gian Camenisc Novartis Parma AG, DMPK DDI-2015, International Conference
More informationPyruvate Kinase Assay Kit
Pyruvate Kinase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA0873 100 assays Version: 05 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationMembrane transport 1. Summary
Membrane transport 1. Summary A. Simple diffusion 1) Diffusion by electrochemical gradient no energy required 2) No channel or carrier (or transporter protein) is needed B. Passive transport (= Facilitated
More informationab83359 ADP Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric)
ab83359 ADP Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of ADP levels in various samples. This product is for research use only and is not
More informationApplication Note. Edgar Naegele. Abstract
Fast identification of main drug metabolites by quadrupole time-of-flight LC/MS Measuring accurate MS and MS/MS data with the Agilent 651 Q-TOF LC/MS and identification of main meta-bolites by comparison
More information13 Determining the Efficiency of the Enzyme Acetylcholine Esterase Using Steady-State Kinetic Experiment
13 Determining the Efficiency of the Enzyme Acetylcholine Esterase Using Steady-State Kinetic Experiment 131 Learning Objective This laboratory introduces you to steady-state kinetic analysis, a fundamental
More informationab Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Assay Kit
ab204710 Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Assay Kit Instructions for Use For rapid, sensitive and accurate measuring of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) in a variety of samples. This product is for research
More informationab Formaldehyde Assay Kit (Fluorometric)
ab196997 Formaldehyde Assay Kit (Fluorometric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Formaldehyde in animal tissue, cells and biological fluids. This product is for
More informationXanthine Oxidase Assay Kit
ab102522 Xanthine Oxidase Assay Kit Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Xanthine Oxidase activity in various samples. This product is for research use only and is
More informationUse of fluorescent probes to monitor the efflux transporters P- Glycoprotein and MRP1 in BeWo cells.**
]. Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2007 35(1): 19-27 RESEARCH ARTICLE Use of fluorescent probes to monitor the efflux transporters P- Glycoprotein and MRP1 in BeWo cells.** DJVedra Karunaratne 1 * and Kenneth
More informationNitrate Reductase (NR) Colorimetric Assay Kit
(FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. DO NOT USE IT IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS!) Nitrate Reductase (NR) Colorimetric Assay Kit Catalog No: E-BC-K158 Method: Colorimetric method Specification: 100 Assays This manual must
More informationDrug Transporters and Na + /H + Exchange Regulatory Factor PSD-95/Drosophila Discs Large/ZO-1 Proteins
1521-0081/67/3/656 680$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pr.115.010728 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 67:656 680, July 2015 Copyright 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental
More informationRetrieving hits through in silico screening and expert assessment M. N. Drwal a,b and R. Griffith a
Retrieving hits through in silico screening and expert assessment M.. Drwal a,b and R. Griffith a a: School of Medical Sciences/Pharmacology, USW, Sydney, Australia b: Charité Berlin, Germany Abstract:
More informationLactate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit
Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA0878 500 assays Version: 08 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationab Succinate Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab204718 Succinate Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For rapid, sensitive and accurate measuring of Succinate. This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use.
More informationScintillation Proximity Assay on the TopCount Microplate Scintillation Counter
TCA-004 Scintillation Proximity Assay on the TopCount Microplate Scintillation Counter Abstract Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) is a technique for performing binding assays without separation of bound
More informationMouse Creatinine Urinary Detection Kit
Mouse Creatinine Urinary Detection Kit Catalog No: IRAAKT2549 Lot No: SAMPLE INTENDED USE BACKGROUND Creatinine (2 amino 1 methyl 5H imadazol 4 one) is a metabolite of phosphocreatine (p creatine), a molecule
More informationDefinitive EtG/EtS LC-MS/MS Analysis:
Definitive / LC- Analysis: A Rugged 4-Min Method for High-Throughput Labs By Justin Steimling and Frances Carroll Abstract Methods for monitoring alcohol consumption biomarkers and are generally limited
More informationab Carrez Clarification Reagent Kit
ab202373 Carrez Clarification Reagent Kit Instructions for Use For the preparation of food and blood samples for further analysis (e.g. bioassay, HPLC, etc.). This product is for research use only and
More informationab83360 Ammonia Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab83360 Ammonia Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of ammonia levels in various samples. This product is for research use only and is not intended
More informationIntroduction to Pharmacokinetic Modelling Rationale
Introduction to Pharmacokinetic Modelling Rationale Michael Weiss michael.weiss@medizin.uni-halle.de Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Philippus von Hohenheim, known as Paracelsus (1493-1541) Everything
More informationValidation of the GastroPlus TM Software Tool and Applications
Validation of the GastroPlus TM Software Tool and Applications Fagen Zhang and Leah Luna The Dow Chemical Company FZ/MB 01.11.11 Acknowledgements Michael Bartels Barun Bhhatarai (Novartis) Tyler Auernhammer
More informationPhospholipase C Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit
Phospholipase C Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit Catalog No. KM0129 Detection and Quantification of Phospholipase C Concentrations in Biological Samples. Research Purposes Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic
More informationFor the sensitive and accurate measurement of α-glucosidase activity in a variety of samples
ab174093 Alpha-Glucosidase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the sensitive and accurate measurement of α-glucosidase activity in a variety of samples This product is for research
More informationCaspase Substrate Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
Caspase Substrate Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Catalog Number KA3694 7 x 25 assays Version: 02 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information...
More informationPyruvate Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric) For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of pyruvate levels in various samples.
ab65342 Pyruvate Assay Kit (Colorimetric/Fluorometric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of pyruvate levels in various samples. This product is for research use only
More informationHIPPURIC ACID, o-m-p-methylhippuric ACIDS and CREATININE IN URINE by UV CODE Z07510
HIPPURIC ACID, o-m-p-methylhippuric ACIDS and CREATININE IN URINE by UV CODE Z07510 Biochemistry The determination of Hippuric Acid ( HPA ) in urine is important to determine the risk due to the exposition
More informationab Creatine Kinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab155901 Creatine Kinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the sensitive and accurate measurement of creatine kinase activity in various samples. This product is for research use
More informationin reaction buffer (40 mm Tris-HCl, ph 8.0, 100 mm NaCl and 10 mm MgCl 2 ). After
Supplementary Notes Enzymatic Assays a. Synthesis of 32 P-c-di-AMP 32 P-c-di-AMP synthesis: 333 nm 32 P-ATP and 5 μm DisA (Bacillus subtilis) were mixed in reaction buffer (40 mm Tris-HCl, ph 8.0, 100
More informationColorimetric GAPDH Assay Cat. No. 8148, 100 tests
Colorimetric GAPDH Assay Cat. No. 8148, 1 tests Introduction Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a tetrameric enzyme that catalyzes glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for
More informationLactate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit
Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay Kit Catalog Number KA0878 500 assays Version: 10 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Background... 3 General Information... 4 Materials
More informationEarly Stages of Drug Discovery in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Early Stages of Drug Discovery in the Pharmaceutical Industry Daniel Seeliger / Jan Kriegl, Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim September 29, 2016 Historical Drug Discovery From Accidential Discovery
More informationab Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI) Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
ab197001 Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TPI) Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Instructions for Use For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of Triosephosphate Isomerase activity in a variety of
More informationOrgan-on-a-chip: practical applications & challenges. Remko van Vught
Organ-on-a-chip: practical applications & challenges Remko van Vught 10-4-2018 A leap forward in physiological relevance The challenge of reductionism: Make things as simple as possible, but not simpler,
More informationNuclear Medicine Department, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
[ 3 H]-Spiperone Competition Binding to Dopamine D2, D3 and D4 Receptors Jan-Peter van Wieringen 1 and Martin C. Michel 2* 1 Nuclear Medicine Department, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
More informationATP Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit
ATP Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit Catalog No. KM0028 Detection and Quantification of ATP Concentrations in Biological Samples. Research Purposes Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Clinical Procedures.
More informationCatalase Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit
Catalase Fluorometric/Colorimetric Assay Kit Catalog No. KM0044 Detection and Quantification of Catalase Concentrations in Biological Samples. Research Purposes Only. Not Intended for Diagnostic or Clinical
More informationab Phosphofructokinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
Version 4 Last updated 23 June 2017 ab155898 6-Phosphofructokinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric) For the rapid, sensitive and accurate measurement of 6- phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in various
More informationUltrafast Analysis of Buprenorphine and Norbuprenorphine in Urine Using the Agilent RapidFire High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry System
Ultrafast Analysis of Buprenorphine and Norbuprenorphine in Urine Using the Agilent RapidFire High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry System Application Note Authors Mohamed Youssef and Vaughn P. Miller Agilent
More information