4th Six Weeks Exam Review Cell Structure and Function

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1 Mrs. Keadle H Science 4th Six Weeks Exam Review Questions for your 4th six weeks exam will be similar to these questions. Make sure you understand the question and why the answer reviewed is correct. The questions on the exam may be worded differently and answer choices may be different. ell Structure and unction Questions In what way could two eukaryotic cells be different from each other? A One eukaryotic cell could have cytoplasm while another does not. B One eukaryotic cell could have a cell membrane while another does not. Two eukaryotic cells could differ in the number and types of organelles they contain. D Two eukaryotic cells could differ in the number and types of prokaryotes they contain. 4 In which way is the function of cell walls of plants similar to the function of the human skeletal system? The cell wall helps plants to move. G The cell wall helps to support the cell and the organism. H The cell wall allows plants to eat other organisms. The cell wall helps the cell to make two new cells. 1

2 Mrs. Keadle H Science 5 Which structures are all living things composed of? A cells B eukaryotes organs D prokaryotes 6 Multicellular organisms differ from unicellular organisms because cells of multicellular organisms perform - all functions. G specific functions. H random functions. the function of any cell it touches. 7 The following picture shows a diagram of blood. Blood is made up of different types of cells that work together. Which of the following levels of organization best classifies blood? A cell B tissue organ D organ system 2

3 Mrs. Keadle H Science 8 All cells share certain functions necessary for life. Which of the following is not a function performed by every cell? takes in energy G gets rid of wastes H performs photosynthesis replicates to make new cells 9 What is a difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? A Only prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm. B Only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane. Only prokaryotic cells have genetic material. D Only eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles. 3

4 Mrs. Keadle H Science ells Alive! Exploration Questions Which phrase BEST describes the function of mitochondria? 46 In what plant cell structure is water stored? A located in the cytoplasm A chloroplast B bacteria-sized organelle B cell wall converts energy for cell use vacuole D contains a folded inner membrane D cytoplasm 45 Which of the following describes the cytoskeleton? The outer covering of a cell that separates it from the environment. 47 Under a high powered microscope, Dan sees a cellular organelle. The organelle has a double membrane, and the inner membrane is folded. The organelle contains its own DNA. Which organelle does Dan see? G A membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material. H A web of proteins that gives shape and support to the cell endoplasmic reticulum G mitochondria H ribosome The structure that contains the information about how to make proteins. nucleus 4

5 Mrs. Keadle H Science 48 A strainer allows certain items through, but not others. Which of the following cell parts functions like a strainer? 49 What is the function of the cell wall? to protect and support the cell A mitochondria B cell membrane ribosome G to perform different functions in each cell H to prevent water from passing through the cell. D nucleus to prevent oxygen from entering the cell 50 Which numbered part of the plant cell shown above is a liquid like substance that fills the cell? A 1 B 2 3 D 4 5

Mrs. Keadle H Science Directions: Use the following diagram to answer the questions on this page. 51 What kind of cell is this? 53 Which cell structure functions like a school principal s office?

6 Mrs. Keadle H Science Directions: Use the following diagram to answer the questions on this page. 51 What kind of cell is this? 53 Which cell structure functions like a school principal s office? animal G plant H bacteria virus 1 G 2 H Identify the structure through which waste exits the cell. 54 Which organelle provides energy for all cell functions? A 1 A 5 B 2 B D 4 D 8 6

7 Mrs. Keadle H Science Directions: Use the following diagram to answer the questions on this page. 55 What kind of cell is this? animal 57 Identify the organelle responsible for the process of photosynthesis. G plant 1 H bacteria G 3 virus H Which structures tell you this is a plant cell? 58 Which structure regulates the movement of substances in and out of the plant cell? A 1, 4, 8, 9 B 2, 4, 9 1, 2, 4 D 2, 4, 8 A 1 B 2 6 D 7 7

8 Mrs. Keadle H Science 59 Which structures perform similar functions in plant and animal cells? 60 hloroplasts in cells make it possible for the cells to - mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane A reproduce B hold their rigid shape G vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall absorb and excrete materials H cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus D carry out photosynthesis Ribosome, cell membrane, chloroplast 61 Which of the following statements accurately represents the difference in plant and animal cells? Only plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole. Directions: Use the following diagram to answer the questions on G Only animal cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central this page. vacuole. H Only plant cells have a cell membrane, mitochondria and cytoplasm. Only animal cells have a cell membrane, mitochondria and cytoplasm. 8

Mrs. Keadle H Science You make a model of a cell in a large, rectangular, clear plastic container filled with the following: gelatin, green M&M s, red licorice, several beans, one small inflated

9 Mrs. Keadle H Science You make a model of a cell in a large, rectangular, clear plastic container filled with the following: gelatin, green M&M s, red licorice, several beans, one small inflated balloon, candy sprinkles, and an avocado seed. 62 How is using the model to study cells helpful? G It is overly simplistic and not to scale. It allows you to visualize something microscopic. H It is quickly assembled and easily disposed. It helps you understand the relationship between structure and function of cell parts. 63 A membrane bound organelle that contains the cell s DNA is the 64 Which of the following describes the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum? A nucleus B chloroplast central vacuole a system of folded membranes G a tiny organelle that has no membrane D mitochindria H a rigid, protective layer found outside the cell membrane. an organelle surrounded by a double membrane and contains DNA 9

10 Mrs. Keadle H Science 65 What types of organisms have cells with very large vacuoles? A animals B bacteria fungi D plants 66 ells that use a great amount of energy usually contain numerous - lysosomes G ribosomes H vacuoles mitochondria Directions: Use the passage and table below to answer the following question(s). As part of a science class, a group of students went on a fieldtrip to a nearby pond where they collected samples of pond water and a sample of a pond plant. The students used a microscope to study the cells within their samples and also a sample of their own cheek cells. Their observations are recorded in the table below. sample nucleus plasma cell cytoplasm chloroplast vacuole membrane wall cheek cells pond plant cells pond organism #1 pond organism #2 67 According to the table above, which pond organism was an animal? A pond organism #1 B pond organism #2 pond organism #1 and #2 D neither pond organism 10

11 Mrs. Keadle H Science Onion ell Mitosis Questions Why does cell division take place in unicellular organisms? 13 Which of these statements most likely describes what happens if DNA is not duplicated during interphase? A B D or the organism to grow. To reproduce and pass on genetic information. To enable the organisms to heal injured tissues. to make specialized cells for different functions. G H The new cells would be more numerous. The new cells would have too many chromosomes. The new cells would have too many or too few nuclei. The new cells would have an incorrect number of chromosomes. 14 Allia uses a microscope to look at slides of onion cells. The slides show the stages of the cell cycle. The slides are labeled and in the correct order, starting with interphase. In which slide would Allia first see chromosomes? A anaphase B prophase telophase D cytokinesis 11

12 Mrs. Keadle H Science 15 Organisms grow, repair damaged tissues and reproduce because - cells divide. 16 If you damage your skin, what process do your cells use to make repairs (scabs and new skin)? G H new DNA is created. new cells live in old cells. A spontaneous generation B mitosis cell tissue is stored. meiosis D the cell theory 17 Which statement best describes the process of mitosis? One cell splitting into numerous cells in order to maintain homeostasis (balance). G One cell splits into two cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. H One cell splits into two cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Two cells join together by sharing genetic material to make a complete set of chromosomes. 12

13 Mrs. Keadle H Science 18 What would happen to an organism if its cells could no longer undergo mitosis? A nothing B it would grow larger it would stop growing and die D it would shrink 20 After mitosis is complete, how are the two cells alike? A they both have double the chromosomes B they are identical copies of each other the new cell has half the DNA D one cell is newer than the other 19 In which phase of the cell cycle do cells spend 95% of their time? metaphase G anaphase H interphase prophase 13

14 Mrs. Keadle H Science 21 Beginning with interphase, what are the phases of mitosis in order? G telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase H prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase 14

15 Mrs. Keadle H Science 22 During mitosis, DNA is copied and passed on to new cells. In which part of the cell is this hereditary material located? A cell membrane B cytoplasm nucleus D cell wall 23 During which phase of mitosis do the two separate nuclei appear? telophase G anaphase H early prophase late prophase 24 Based on the process shown in the diagram above, which of the following is a valid conclusion? A irst the cells divide, then mitosis occurs, and then the chromosomes are copied. B irst mitosis occurs, then the cells divide, and then mitosis occurs again. irst the chromosomes are copied, then endocytosis occurs, and then the cells divide. D irst the chromosomes are copied, then mitosis occurs, and then the cells divide. 15

Mrs. Keadle H Science Spontaneous Generation and the Discovery of the ell Questions 1-10 1 All of the following are characteristics of both living organisms and cells EXEPT - A remove waste from

16 Mrs. Keadle H Science Spontaneous Generation and the Discovery of the ell Questions All of the following are characteristics of both living organisms and cells EXEPT - A remove waste from themselves B being composed of complex cells grow and die D extract energy from food 2 Ashley repeated rancisco Redi s experiment for a spontaneous generation project. She placed meat in two identical jars. She placed a stopper in the top of one jar and left the other uncovered. After a few days, Ashley observed young flies (maggots) on the meat in the open jar. There were no flies in the sealed jar. What hypothesis was Ashley trying to test? G Decaying meat produces maggots Maggots prefer one type of meat over another. H Maggots need a certain temperature to appear. Plastic wrap keeps meat from spoiling. 16

17 Mrs. Keadle H Science 3 Which of the following scientists gave us a modern understanding of cell reproduction (mitosis)? 4 Which invention most influenced the development of the cell theory? A Schleiden centrifuge B Schwann G microscope Virchow H thermometer D All of the above spring scale 5 In all living things, the presence of what structure supports the cell theory. 6 Which factor contributed most to the development of the cell theory? A cell wall B cell membrane vacuole D chloroplast G H The discovery of many new species during the last century. The development of technology that can determine chemical composition The increase in knowledge about rates of evolution. The improvement in microscopes over the last 200 years. 17

18 H Science Mrs. Keadle 7 Living things contain units of structure and function that come from preexisting units. This statement best describes the - A cell theory 9 According to the cell theory, where did this cell come from? A another living cell B energy from the sun B lock-and-key model of enzyme activity concept of natural selection D a multicellular organism the nonliving environment D heterotrophy hypothesis 8 Which statement represents an exception to the cell theory? 10 What type of cell has membranebound organelles? All plants and animals are eukaryotic cells G composed of cells. ells arise from preexisting cells by the process of mitosis. G H prokaryotic cells both prokaryotic and eukaryotic H Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic material and can replicate. neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic The specialization of cells enables an organism to function 4th Six Weeks Exam Review

Anaphase. Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell

Anaphase. Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell Anaphase Third phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. Animal Cell Antony Van Leevwenhoek 1643- Dutch microscope maker and merchant, observed and described