Living Things are made of Cells

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1 1 Diversity of Living Things

2 2 Living Things are made of Cells Living things are called organisms. Organisms are made up of one or more cells. (unicellular or multicellular) A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Cells = the of life.

3 3 What is a Cell? It took a long time for people to discover cells and figure out what they were all about. They need sophisticated equipment (microscopes) to be able to see cells. Every thing we know about cells we call cell theory.

4 4 Cell Theory says that. 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things. In other words, cells are like the building blocks of all living things. 3. New cells are only made from existing cells.

5 Cells come in all shapes and sizes! 5

6 6 These are two distinct types of cells with STRUCTURAL differences. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria Animal Plant

7 7

8 8 Living Things use and need Energy All organisms need and use energy to live. Energy is the ability to do work. Sunlight is the source of energy for most living things. - Plants use the energy in sunlight to make food, and animals get energy by eating plants or other animals that have eaten plants.

9 9 Living Things Adapt to their surroundings Organisms are adapted, or suited, to their surroundings. All organisms have features that help them survive in their surroundings. For example: fish have gills

10 Living Things React to change Organisms react to change in their surroundings. Any reaction to change is called a response. For example: A bright light may cause you to blink. ameoba responding to chemoattractant ameoba eats two paramecium Protozoa reproducing 10

11 Living Things How do we know is something is living? All living things are characterised as being able to do seven things These are usually remembered by the mnemonic MRS NERG M R S N E R G Can you guess what these letters stand for? 11

12 The 7 characteristics of Living Things Movement Animals move to find food and keep away from predators, plants move to face the light Reproduction the ability to produce offspring to keep the species in existence Sensitivity responding and reacting to the environment Nutrition Animals need food for respiration, plants need minerals from the soil Excretion Getting rid of waste Respiration Turning food into energy Growth Growing larger and stronger becoming adult size 12

13 Organizing Information 13

14 14 A-E A Shoe by any other name.. F-J K-O P-T Take a GOOD look at the 20 shoes in the picture. Your mission is to creation a classification system for these shoes. You must place the shoes into one of 5 groups (it does not have to be an even distribution. Name each group AND each shoe.

15 15 Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms Characteristics given in pairs Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

16 A Spider Key can help you get organized to create a Dichotomous Key. 16

17 Example of a Dichotomous Key 17

18 18 Example of Dichotomous Key 1a Tentacles present Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent Go to 3 2a Eight Tentacles Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles 3 3a Tentacles hang down go to 4 3b Tentacles upright Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped - 5

19 19 Species of Organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified

20 20 What is Classification? Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

21 21 Benefits of Classifying Accurately & uniformly names organisms Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea horse??

22 22 Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

23 23 Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

24 24 Quiz based on previous slides September, 2015

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