Name: Monster Synthesis Activity

Transcription

1 Name: Monster Synthesis ctivity Purpose: To examine how an organism s DN determines their phenotypes. blem: How can traits on a particular chromosome be determined? How can these traits determine the characteristics of an organism? Background Information: Your unique body characteristics (traits), such as hair color or blood type, are determined by the proteins your body produces. teins are the building block of life - in fact, about 45% of the human body is made of protein. These organic macromolecules perform a wide range of functions including body repair, regulation, and protection. teins are created by bonding groups of amino acids that are coded for by the nucleotide base sequences (, T,, and ) in your DN. enes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. enes are lengths of DN molecules that determine the structure of polypeptides (the building blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DN determines the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides, and thus the structure of proteins. In a process called transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RN (mrn) reads and copies the DN's nucleotide sequences in the form of a complementary RN molecule. Then the mrn carries this information in the form of a code to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. The code, in DN or mrn, specifies the order in which the amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mrn, however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. nother type of RN called transfer RN (trn) is needed to bring the mrn and amino acids together. s the code carried by mrn is "read" on a ribosome, the proper trns arrive in turn and give up the amino acids they carry to the growing polypeptide chain. The process by which the information from DN is transferred into the language of proteins is known as translation. In this investigation, you will simulate the mechanism of protein synthesis and thereby determine the traits inherited by fictitious organisms called HNOPS. HNOPS, whose cells contain only two chromosomes made up of 12 genes, are Instructions: 1. Pick out a DN strand for each category. a. Write down the DN strand and allele number on your Monster Synthesis Data Sheet b. Transcribe each DN strand into mrn. c. Translate the mrn strand into an amino acid sequence using the genetic codon chart. d. Write down the physical appearance (phenotype) based on the amino acid sequence you have decoded. 2. Draw a picture of your Monster on a separate sheet of blank paper based on the traits that you have decoded.

2 Monster DN Sequences 1. Pick a DN Strand for BODY OLOR. llele 1: T T TT llele 2: T T T TT llele 3: T TT llele 4: T T TTT TT 2. Pick a DN Strand for EYE OLOR. llele 1: T T TT llele 2: T T T TT llele 3: T TT llele 4: T T TTT TT 3. Pick a DN Strand for HND SIZE. llele 5: T TTT T llele 6: T T T llele 7: T T T T T 9. Pick a DN Strand for ENDER. llele 16: T TTT TTT T llele 17: T TTT T 10. Pick a DN Strand for HORNS. llele 18: T TT T T TT llele 19: T TT T T TT 11. Pick a DN Strand for TYPE of WINS. llele 22: T TT llele 23: T T T TT 12. Pick a DN Strand for TEETH. llele 24: T T T TT llele 25: T TT TT llele 26: T TT TT 4. Pick a DN Strand for FEET SIZE. llele 5: T TTT T llele 6: T T T llele 7: T T T T T 5. Pick a DN Strand for NMBER of FEET. llele 8: T TT T T llele 9: T TT TT T llele 10: T TT T T llele 11: T TT T llele 12: T TT T llele 13: T TT T 6. Pick a DN Strand for NMBER of HNDS. llele 8: T TT T T llele 9: T TT TT T llele 10: T TT T T llele 11: T TT T llele 12: T TT T llele 13: T TT T 7. Pick a DN Strand for NMBER OF EYES. llele 8: T TT T T llele 9: T TT TT T llele 10: T TT T T llele 11: T TT T llele 12: T TT T llele 13: T TT T 8. Pick a DN Strand for FR TYPE. llele 14: T TT llele 15: T TT TT

3 mino cid Sequences and the Traits They ode For Tyr la = reen and Yellow Iso ly = One sp la = Straight = Really big la = Insect like ly Phe = Pink and Purple sp Phe = Missing Teeth ys ys lu = Rough and urly Phe Lys Lys = Male (Bowtie) Iso ly = Eight Tyr la lu = rooked ly Lys Black and Red Iso ly Iso = Four Tyr la His = Orange and Blue Phe Lys = Female (Bow) Phe Phe = Hat Phe Lys ly = Small His His = Medium lu His His = One Iso ly = Two Iso ly Tyr = One la lu = Bird like Iso ly = Five lu His = Two ys ys Try = Smooth and Straight First Base Second Base Phe Phe Iso Iso Iso Met la la la la Tyr Tyr Stop Stop His His lu lu sp sp Lys Lys sp sp lu lu ys ys Stop Try ly ly ly ly Third Base

4 Monster Synthesis Data Sheet 1. ene for Body olor (allele # ) 2. ene for Eye olor (allele # ) 3. ene for Hand Size (allele # ) 4. ene for Feet Size (allele # ) 5. ene for Number of Feet (allele # ) 6. ene for Number of Hands (allele # ) 8. ene for Fur Type (allele # ) 9. ene for ender (allele # ) 10. ene for Horns (allele # ) 11. ene for Wings (allele # ) 12. ene for Teeth (allele # ) Physical ppearance/tein: 7. ene for Number of Eyes (allele # )

5 Monster nalysis and ritical Thinking onclusion Questions Draw and Name your HNOPS based off your Data Sheet Name of HNOPS: 1. Distinguish between transcription and translation. 2. What is the specific site for transcription? 3. What is the specific site for translation? 4. Supposed you knew the makeup of specific proteins in a cell? Explain how you determine the particular DN code that coded for them. 5. How could one change in a DN nucleotide alter the formation of the translated protein? (Example: normal and sickle cell hemoglobin)

6 Monster nalysis and ritical Thinking onclusion Questions 6. How can traits on a particular chromosome be determined? 7. How can these traits determine the characteristics of an organism? 8. What would happen if a base is out of order? 9. How is the shape of a protein determined? Why is the shape of the protein important? What happens if the shape of the protein changes? Explain all three questions in detail. 10. What is the importance of DN and RN in protein synthesis? 11. Why is protein synthesis important?